影响中晚期肝细胞肝癌手术切除预后的多因素分析

探讨影响中晚期肝细胞肝癌手术切除预后的因素。方法对130例中晚期大肝癌随访1～7年,采用单因素、多因素分析统计不同预后因素对患者生存率的影响。结果手术后1,3 ,5年生存率分别81.7%,24.3%,18.4%。单因素分析提示影响预后的因素为肝癌大小、是否早期复发、肝硬化情况、输血量;多因素分析提示肝癌大小、肿瘤早期复发是影响肝癌术后的预后因素。结论：中晚期肝癌手术切除预后仍不理想,重视围手术期处理,预防术后早期复发有望提高手术疗效 [英文摘要]Objective To study the prognostic factors in patients who received hepatectomy for large hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC). Methods 130 patients operated for large HCC were followed up for 1～7 years. Twenty possible factors were analyzed by Kaplan-Meier Log rank estimate. A multivariative survival analysis of these individal variable was undertaken using the cumulative survival rate by the computers COX proportional hazard. Result The overall cumulative survival rate at 1,3,5 years was 81.7%,24.3%,18.4% re..

白鱀豚的肾脏

研究了4头雄性和9头雌性白鱀豚肾脏的结构和各项指标。白鱀豚肾脏是由许多小肾组成。肾脏和小肾的各项指标随着个体体长的增加而增加。与其他3种淡水豚相比,白鱀豚成体肾脏的小肾数比恒河豚多,比哑河豚少,而与拉河豚相近。白鱀豚幼体的肾脏和小肾的各项指标与恒河豚和亚河豚相近,但成体肾脏和小肾的各项指标比上述2种淡水豚大得多。并证实鲸类动物肾脏的小肾并生群在幼体即已存在,随着个体的长大,小肾化加剧,而并不是次级融合的结果。白鱀豚小肾的髓旁肌肉带的排列并无规律,它并不构成白豚鱀所特有的排列结构

The Study on Improving the Safty of Livestock Waste Composting Process

本研究擬針對在堆肥產程出現問題的禽畜糞堆肥場3-5家，進行全面性的評估、檢查和偵測，包括 (1) 原料資材安全性及適宜性， (2) 堆肥化過程的缺失， (3) 堆肥成品之主成分與有害物質成分的含量，以及其鹽度、腐熟度和pH…等。藉由查核和偵測的結果，提供改善和建議，再評估其改善的成果。3-5 problem livestock manure composting plants will be full evaluated, and minotored for (1) safety and suitability of raw materials, (2) weakness and problems of composting process, and (3) contents of main and deleterious ingradients, as well as salt content, mature index and pH. Suggestions will be provided based on the results of the investigation and monitor, and final evaluation will be conducted for their improvement

The Development and Application of the Ameliorating Technology for Low Fertility of Strongly Acid Soils

本研究擬以石膏與禽畜糞堆肥等酸土改良資材，以管柱與現地實際施用的方式，進行混施與深層施用，觀察那一種措施與資材的施用可在短期內提升整個土壤剖面之pH值，並減低鋁毒害與增加有效性營養鹽，改善酸土低肥力的缺點，改善之指標將以各處理土壤剖面pH、EC、有機質及礦化氮、Bray-1磷、交換性鈣、鎂及鋁含量之變化為依據。最後，將以不同之改良資材現地施用於果樹作物，瞭解實際改良土壤剖面酸度的成效。This study will evaluate the efficiencies of the amelioration of soil profile acidity by the addition of various amendments, such as gypsum and composts in a selected acidic soil, to increase soil pH and nutrients, and to decrease Al toxicity. These amendments will be applied individually or combinatively with surface or deep soils, and will be conducted using a series of column and field studies. Soil pH, EC, organic matter, mineralized N and Bray-1-P will be measured as an index of amelioration. Additionally, a field study will be conducted in an orchard to verify the success of this test

Safety Evaluation of the Sludges of Food Processing, Wine Production and Paper Mill for Agricultural Use

本計畫以作物毒害試驗及室內培育試驗評估不同來源之食品加工，釀酒和漿紙污泥對作物生長，土壤養分有效性及土壤品質之影響，藉以評估此三類污泥農用之適宜性，並提供管理對策。Different sources of food processing, wine production and paper mill sluges are investigated their effects on crop growth, soil nutrient availability and soil quality by the tests of crop toxcity and indoor incubation in this study to avaluate the suitability of these sludges for agricultural use and provide th strategy for sludge management

全層酸性果園土壤之改良與肥培管理技術

1. Amelioration and fertilizer management of strongly acidic orchard soil Strong acidic soils with a pH less than 5.5 are one of major cultivated lands in Taiwan. Low calcium contents and pH in the subsoil usually lead to unhealthy plants due to the limitations of root growths in the particular soils. The purpose of this study evaluated the efficiencies of the amelioration by addition with various amendments on the soil profile acidity of a acidic litchi chinensis garden, located in Kaohsiung County, by pH, these amendments were single application or combined or into different depth of soil profile, in order to evaluate the effects on soil profile acidity. The results indicate that the content of exchangeable calcium in soil profile increased and the content of exchangeable Al decreased with amendments used in this study. The yield of litchi in each treatments of 2010 was higher than that of check treatment, especially in the treatment of lime with poultry manure compost (LC) and poultry manure with deep applicaton of gypsum (GdC) and the Brix of litchi fruit of 2010 was 1~2 o drgree higher than that of 2009. 2.Study on the Soil Management and Fertilization Technologies of Acid and Alkali Pineapple FieldsIn Taiwan, farmers always cultivated pineapple at strong acid soil, there also little pineapple grown at alkali soil. Both of strong acid soil and alkali soil had plant nutrition management problem. Over used alkali organic fertilizer or lime material always resulted in negative effect of plant production and environmental quality. The purpose of this study is to research the rational fertilization technique for pineapple fields. The results will be a perfect guide for fertilization recommendation, therefore, not only the yields and qualities of crop can be increased, but also the environment pollution can be prevented.一、全層酸性果園土壤之改良與肥培管理技術 強酸性土壤（pH<5.5），為本省主要耕地土壤之一，惟其底土酸性及鈣有效性低的問題，常常限制作物根系的生長。本研究之目的在評估藉由改良質材及施用深度的不同，對強酸性土壤剖面酸性及肥力改善的效果，本試驗於高雄縣大樹鄉荔枝園，進行混施與不同施用深度的處理方式，以評估土壤剖面酸度的改良成效。結果顯示，土壤剖面的交換性鈣含量有增進而交換性鋁含量有降低的效果，各處理之荔枝產量均較對照組高，其中又以石灰與禽畜糞堆肥(LC)及石膏與禽糞堆肥石膏深施組(GdC)的荔枝產量較高，且本年度荔枝之甜度(Brix)較去年提高1-2o。 二、強酸性及鹼性土壤種植鳳梨之土壤管理及施肥技術改進之研究 台灣地區農友栽培鳳梨多數在強酸性土壤，亦有少部份於鹼性土壤種植，強酸性及鹼性土壤各有其養分管理上之問題。多量的鹼性有機肥料或石灰資材被施用於鳳梨園，除了不利鳳梨生產，對環境也有負面影響。本計劃擬針對強酸性及鹼性土壤環境下栽種鳳梨時，施用不同牛糞堆肥及蓖麻粕用量，及施用石灰或硫磺與否，探討對鳳梨(台農十七號)生育及土壤性質之影響。以提供農友栽植鳳梨之合理施肥之參考