The Definition of Mangrove Forest and Protection of Mangrove Wetland

红树林保护刻不容缓,但目前的保护现状并不乐观,尤其是在忽视其湿地本质和生态系统的情况下,单纯的有林地保护现象甚为突出。针对以上问题,从红树林名称入手指出红树林的林学渊源,理清概念,分析保护现状,并从生态系统的角度阐述了红树林湿地结构和功能的整体性,探讨和呼吁科学的管理和保护。Mangrove protection does not permit any delay, however, the current situation is not optimistic.Especially, ignorance of the nature of wetland ecosystem in mangrove plants protection is very prominent.To address this problem, the definition of mangrove forest and protection of mangrove wetland was described to explain the integrity of structure and functions of wetland from ecosystem point of view.Scientific approached to wetland management and protection was highlighted.我国近海海洋综合调查与评价(908专项)(NO:908-02-04-04

Critical tidal level for Kandelia candel forestation in strong tidal range area

以国内最大潮差值的乐清湾西门岛海域为研究地点,选定黄零为1.96、1.66、1.35和1.03M4个高程断面,对各高程上1年生和3年生秋茄(kAndElIA CAndEl)幼苗的成活率、生长指标以及污损生物(藤壶)等因子进行了统计分析.结果表明:不同高程内,1年生和3年生秋茄幼苗的生长存在显著性差异;秋茄幼林植株上附生有白脊藤壶(bAlAnuS AlbICOSTATuS)和纹藤壶(bAlAnuS AMPHITrITE AMPHITrITE)2种藤壶,其中优势种白脊藤壶在黄零1.35M的高程对秋茄的污损最为严重.西门岛秋茄的宜林线为黄零1.66M,即不低于当地平均海平面以上1.29M、每个潮水周期平均淹水时间小于3.65H的潮滩.藤壶、强潮和极端天气是该地区秋茄宜林线明显高于当地平均海平面的主要原因.Taking Ximen island of Yueqing bay,the biggest tidal range area among the coasts of China,as study site,an investigation was made on the survival rate,growth characteristics,and attached barnacles of 1-and 3-year old Kandelia candel seedlings at the elevations 1.96,1.66,1.35,and 1.03 m above the zero tidal level of Yellow Sea.Significant differences were observed in the survival rate and growth situation of the seedlings among the elevations.There were two barnacle species,Balanus albicostatus and Balanus amphitrite amphitrite,and B.albicostatus was the major species which attached K.candel most seriously at elevation 1.35 m.The critical tidal level for K.candel in the site was 1.66 m above the zero tidal level,i.e.,at least 1.29 m higher than the local mean sea level,and the flooding time per tide cycle being less than 3.65 h.Barnacle,strong tide,and extreme weather event were the main reasons for the higher critical tidal level.海洋公益性行业科研专项(200805072);浙江省科技计划项目(2008F1009);温州市科技计划项目(S20060037);浙江省科技厅创新团队建设与人才培养项目(2009F20009)资

Damage to mangroves from extreme cold in early 2008 in southern China

通讯作者Author for correspondence (E-mail: [email protected])2008年初,我国南方19个省经历了50年一遇的持续低温雨雪冰冻天气。极端气候对华南沿海各省的红树林区造成不同程度的危害。2008年3月,在我国南方各省红树林区的10个代表性地点,对这次寒害造成的红树植物伤害程度进行了系统的调查。结果表明:冬季低温对红树林的影响极为显著,特别是在低纬度的海南、广西和广东湛江,由于极端低温正值夜间退潮,对红树林的影响更为显著;在纬度较高的福建,本地红树种类秋茄(Kandelia obovata)、桐花树(Aegiceras corniculatum)和白骨壤(Avicennia marina)及引种的木榄(Bruguiera gymnorrhiza)等,由于长期适应于冬季较低的气温或在种植前经过抗寒锻炼,具有较强的抗寒能力。各地主要红树植物中,广布种秋茄、桐花树和白骨壤最为耐寒,其耐寒性均大于红树科的木榄、海莲(Bruguiera sexangula)和红海榄(Rhizophora stylosa)。海桑(Sonneratia caseolaris)对温度的敏感性最强,抗寒能力最低,因此,即使在其原产地海南也受到较为严重的寒害,在纬度更高的引种地出现大面积受害甚至全部死亡,而从孟加拉国引种的无瓣海桑(Sonneratia apetala)却显示出一定的抗寒能力。同一地点的红树植物幼苗的抗寒能力低于大树。此次寒害也造成了苗圃场的种苗大量死亡,成熟的植株提前落花落果,这势必会影响后继一两年内红树林的自然更新和人工造林。因此,在未来红树林造林或人工引种中,一定要考虑到红树植物的抗寒能力。国家自然科学基金(30671646和30700092);厦门大学“闽江学者”启动基

低聚半乳糖混合物的分离与检测

研究了利用1-苯基-3-甲基-5-吡唑啉酮(PMP)对糖类物质柱前衍生化的方法,优化了反应时间、衍生试剂PMP用量等衍生化条件,最终确立了衍生化的最佳条件为:底物与衍生化试剂加入体积比为1∶3,反应时间120min,反应后样品稀释5倍。采用硅胶柱层析并结合薄层层析,最佳的分离条件为:硅胶柱的柱高为25cm(干硅胶的质量约为24.13g),80mL的洗脱液,加样量为1mL标准液,流速11～12d/min。三糖分离时间约为4.5h,四糖分离时间约为7h,五糖分离时间约为10h

西藏色林错短纹藻属硅藻初报

对西藏色林错2015年7月附着硅藻样品进行了观察和鉴定,发现了短纹藻属的3个物种,其中圆胞短纹藻(Brachysira aponina Kützing)为中国新纪录种,其他两个物种分别为小头短纹藻B.microcephala(Grunow)Compère和透明短纹藻B.vitrea(Grunow)Ross。通过光镜和扫描电镜观察,本报道对圆胞短纹藻的形态特征进行了详细描述,对小头短纹藻的2种表型和透明短纹藻的超微形态特征进行了重新描述。圆胞短纹藻的主要特征是末端窄圆形,中央区小或为圆形,壳缝直,壳缝两侧有明显的硅质纵肋。壳缝简单,远缝端具有"M"形结构。小头短纹藻表型1主要特征为末端近头状,中央区为不对称圆形,末端为"T"形结构。小头短纹藻表型2主要特征是壳面末端头状,中部线纹辐射排列,末端平行排列。透明短纹藻主要特征是壳面为椭圆形披针形,末端伸长成头状,中央区小,卵圆形,远缝端具"T"形结构。此外本报道还比较和讨论了3物种与短纹藻属其他相似物种的形态特征,同时也对3物种的生境及分布进行了详细描述

西藏色林错短纹藻属硅藻初报

对西藏色林错2015年7月附着硅藻样品进行了观察和鉴定,发现了短纹藻属的3个物种,其中圆胞短纹藻(Brachysira aponina Kützing)为中国新纪录种,其他两个物种分别为小头短纹藻B.microcephala(Grunow)Compère和透明短纹藻B.vitrea(Grunow)Ross。通过光镜和扫描电镜观察,本报道对圆胞短纹藻的形态特征进行了详细描述,对小头短纹藻的2种表型和透明短纹藻的超微形态特征进行了重新描述。圆胞短纹藻的主要特征是末端窄圆形,中央区小或为圆形,壳缝直,壳缝两侧有明显的硅质纵肋。壳缝简单,远缝端具有"M"形结构。小头短纹藻表型1主要特征为末端近头状,中央区为不对称圆形,末端为"T"形结构。小头短纹藻表型2主要特征是壳面末端头状,中部线纹辐射排列,末端平行排列。透明短纹藻主要特征是壳面为椭圆形披针形,末端伸长成头状,中央区小,卵圆形,远缝端具"T"形结构。此外本报道还比较和讨论了3物种与短纹藻属其他相似物种的形态特征,同时也对3物种的生境及分布进行了详细描述

聚乙烯醇缩醛膜阻气性能的研究

为了提高激光靶丸的阻气性能,用戊二醛对阻气层材料聚乙烯醇进行交联改性。在17份完全相同的10 mL质量分数3%的聚乙烯醇(PVA)和20μL浓盐酸混合溶液中,分别加入从300μL到1 700μL的戊二醛(GA),交联反应后,测量缩醛膜的阻气性能,并计算渗透系数。结果表明,随着缩醛膜中戊二醛含量的增加,缩醛膜渗透系数的变化规律是:从减小到增加到不变再到增加;当戊二醛的含量是800μL时,缩醛膜的渗透系数最小,阻气性能最好

Dwarf Reasons of Mangrove Plant Kandelia obovata in Shancheng Bay,Fujian

明确了低温和淹水对分布在福建沙埕湾(27°17′N,120°18′E)的红树植物秋茄(Kandelia obovata)生长的直接作用方式,探讨了纬度较高地区秋茄矮化的原因,以期在全球气候变暖影响下,为中国纬度较高地区红树林人工造林提供理论指导。通过调查福建省福鼎市沙埕湾高潮淹水线上下秋茄末端小枝生长状况、不同相对高程秋茄高度以及淹水线上下温度的实时监测,研究低温和淹水对纬度较高地区秋茄生长的影响。结果表明,低温对该地区秋茄淹水线以上部分影响显著,主要表现在枝条和叶片受低温胁迫严重,生长缓慢,顶端顶芽大量枯死;相对高程与秋茄的高度显著负相关;淹水降低了秋茄叶片的光合能力。淹水降低了低温对沙埕湾秋茄生长的胁迫程度,且对秋茄向上生长有一定的促进作用,但是在低温和强潮差的影响下,在纬度较高地区很难营造出高大繁茂的秋茄林。This study explicated the ways that how low temperature and water flooding had directly influenced the growth of mangrove plant Kandelia obovata distributed in Shacheng Bay(27°17′N,120°18′E), Fujian province where latitude is higher than 25°N and discussed the dwarf reasons of mangrove plants in higher latitude.Under the influence of global warming, it can provide the theoretical guidance for mangrove afforestation in higher-latitude areas in China. Through the survey of the growth status of the shoots of Kandelia obovata and the real-time monitoring of temperature under and above the flooded waterline and the tree height at different relative elevation for Kandelia obovata in Shacheng Bay, how low temperature and flooding influenced the growth of Kandelia obovata was studied. The results showed that low temperature had significant effects on Kandelia obovata growth, especially the part above the flooded waterline, mainly displayed in the branches and leaves of Kandelia obovata were strongly subjected to the low temperature stress, growing slowly, the bud withering at the top of crown; there was significant negative correlation between the Kandelia obovata height and the relative elevation; flooding reduced the photosynthetic capacity of Kandelia obovata leaves. To a certain extent, flooding could reduce the low temperature stress impact on the growth of Kandelia obovata and promote the upward growth of Kandelia obovata in higher-latitude area. But under the influence of low temperature and strong tidal range, a tall Kandelia obovata forest could not be built in higher-latitude regions.国家重点研发计划项目课题(2016YFC0502904);; 广西科学院基本科研业务费项目(13YJ25HS04和12YJ25HS15)资

Correlation of trap states and carrier dynamics of TiO2 with photocatalytic

Anatase and rutile TiO2 were investigated with photoluminescence (PL) techniques under weak excitation condition. The visible emission band was assigned to the donor-acceptor recombination. Oxygen vacancies and hydroxyl groups mainly serve as the donor and acceptor sites, respectively. The NIR luminescence is originated from the recombination of trapped electrons with free holes. The carrier dynamics in anatase TiO2 are sensitively affected by heat treatment and the presence of oxygen, while the decay processes stay relatively unchanged for rutile TiO2. The trap states in TiO2 may largely influence the photocatalysis process of TiO2 and may determine the photocatalytic activity

高能电子辐照诱导GaN异质结应变弛豫机制的研究

<span id="ChDivSummary" name="ChDivSummary">利用能量为2 MeV的高能电子束对金属有机物化学气相沉积方法(MOCVD)生长的非故意掺杂氮化镓(GaN)异质结在室温下进行辐照,辐照剂量分别为1&times;1015/cm2和5&times;1015/cm2。经垂直于样品表面的电子辐照后,GaN外延层的(0004)和(10ī2)高分辨X射线衍射峰分别向高角和低角发生移动,表明电子辐照使GaN外延层发生了部分应变弛豫。利用电子背散射衍射(EBSD)对应变弛豫进行了表征。EBSD结果显示,剂量为5&times;1015/cm2的电子辐照相对于1&times;1015/cm2的电子辐照可诱导GaN外延层发生更为显著的应变弛豫。卢瑟福背散射/沟道(RBS/C)实验结果表明,5&times;1015/cm2的电子辐照对GaN外延层引入更为严重的辐照损伤。上述实验结果表明,GaN外延层的应变弛豫与2 MeV的电子辐照引入的缺陷如弗伦克尔对有关。运用弹性原子链模型(EACM)对电子辐照诱导GaN外延层应变弛豫机制进行了讨论。</span