从高等教育分类看我国特色型大学发展

特色型大学是我国高等教育的重要组成部分,并对我国的高等教育发展和社会经济建设做出过重大贡献。当前,具有行业背景的特色型大学在发展中存在着定位不明、特色淡化的问题,从高等教育分类的角度研究特色型大学的发展,有助于这类大学从定位中走出困境,实现科学发展。一、关于高等教育的分类从不同的视角出发,研究者对高等教育有着不同的分类。联合国教科文组织1997年颁布的"国际教育标准分类法"在纵向上将高等教育分为两个阶段,序号分别为5和6

“交沮”考释

双音词的出现是汉语词汇发展的必然趋势,也是现代汉语词汇典型的结构形态。在各类辞书词典中,以\"交\"和\"沮\"为语素的双音节词语数量庞大,却缺少\"交沮\"一词。通过《中国基本古籍库》的检索,一共发现55处两词连用用例(多处用例重复,只是出处不同,实则为32例)。\"交沮\"的连用最早可追溯到宋代的《宋朝大诏令集》,之后常见于元、明、清以及民国时期的古籍中。然而辞书却不见收录。由于用例较多,有必要进行探索其意,归并义项,以供学习参考以及词典收录使用。本文通过检索\"交沮\"用例,通过穷尽式考证法归纳其义项,窥探语言发展共性,总结出它的词义

从高等教育分类看我国特色型大学发展

【中文摘要】 特色型大学是我国高等教育的重要组成部分,并对我国的高等教育发展和社会经济建设做出过重大贡献。当前,具有行业背景的特色型大学在发展中存在着定位不明、特色淡化的问题,从高等教育分类的角度研究特色型大学的发展,有助于这类大学从定位中走出困境,实现科学发展。一、关于高等教育的分类从不同的视角出发,研究者对高等教育有着不同的分类。联合国教科文组织1997年颁布的"国际教育标准分类法"在纵向上将高等教育分为两个阶段,序号分别为5和6

The use of drama to enhance students' ability in constructing ideas in writing = Li yong xi ju jiao xue ti sheng xue sheng de xie zuo gou si neng li

寫作對於學生來說往往是一件苦差，尤其當學生没有寫作構思或意念的時候，寫作內容就變成平凡俗套、枯燥無味的文章，學生覺得辛苦之餘，文章又未能取得理想的分數，究竟如何能幫助學生提升其寫作構思能力呢？在不同的教學法中，戲劇習式的演出與寫作構思有共通之處，兩者均強調思考、情感及想像力。而是次的研究會採用論壇劇場。論壇劇場着重演員與觀眾之間的交流，當觀眾對演員的演出給予評語的時候，所有學生能一同建構更合乎情理的情節。 本研究是行動研究，旨在探討戲劇教學介入寫作課堂後能否提升學生的寫作構思能力。於研究中，共有十五位中三級第二組別的學生參與實驗教學。學生會進行前測、後測及於兩次的教學循環裏進行戲劇演出及參與評價及建議過程。在後測後，參與學生會參與問卷調查，個別學生亦會被邀進行訪談。 根據研究結果顯示，論壇劇場能提升學生的寫作構思能力，不同能力組別的學生於觸物起興文章裏均有進步。於問卷及訪談裏，學生更表示喜歡論壇劇場介入寫作課堂來幫助他們構思寫作內容，認為這能提升他們寫作的信心。 Students always find that writing is a hard work. Especially when they do not have any ideas. Then their writing content will turn into boring essays. It is difficult for them to finish a writing and get high marks. How to enhance students’ ability in constructing ideas in writing? From different teaching methods, there are similarities between dramatic conventions and writing, both of them emphasize thinking, emotion and imagination. In this study, forum theatre is chosen. It is because it emphasizes the interactions between the actors and the audience. Through the comments given by the audience, all the students can help to construct more fruitful writing contents. This study is an action research. It aims to investigate if the integration of forum theatre and writing lessons can enhance students’ ability in constructing ideas in writing. 15 students from a band 2 local school participated in this research. The research examined students’ pre-tests, post-tests and their drama performance like acting and evaluation processes. After post-test, all the students were required to fill in the questionnaire and some of the students were invited to have interview. The research findings show that the dramatic conventions can help enhancing students’ ability in constructing ideas in writing. Most of the students have significant improvement after the research. Through interviews and questionnaires, students expressed that they enjoyed forum-theatre lessons. They thought that this could help them to have more fruitful ideaspublished_or_final_versionEducationBachelorBachelor of Education in Language Educatio

Establishment of SCAR Markers and Its Application in Identification and Au- thenticity of Parent Purity of Five Hybrid japonica Rice Lines

选用36个随机引物对“寒丰A”、“寒丰B”、“8204A”、“8204B”、“R161”等5份杂交粳稻亲本材料进行RAPD扩增,对其中特异RAPD标记片段进行克隆和测序。根据获得的特异DNA序列设计序列特征扩增区(SCAR)特异的引物,将18个RAPD标记转化成6个稳定的SCAR标记。用这些SCAR标记对亲本和杂种F1代单株进行检测,实验室检测种子纯度的结果与海南田间种植的结果基本一致。此外,应用水稻细胞质雄性不育特异的1对PCR引物,分辨出2对不育系/保持系亲本:“寒丰A”与“寒丰B”、“8204A”与“8204B”。上海市科技兴农重点攻关项目[农科攻字(2000)号第1-3号];; 上海市农业科学院青年科技基金(2000-09-02-1

广东省高等院校名牌专业评价方案的设计原则与思路

专业是高校实现其职能的基本单位。名牌专业评价对专业的改革、建设与发展,以及教育教学质量的提高具有重要意义。通过对名牌专业评价的目标与作用的分析,探讨构建专业评价指标体系的原则、标准、思路和应注意的问题,以期为名牌专业的评价提供指导。“广东省新世纪高等教育教学改革工程”项目“广东省普通高等学校名牌专业评价的研究与实践”(粤教高[2001]106号)的研究成果之

[[alternative]]尋找一個可行的英語教學模式 : 運用學生手製繪本來教授英語為第二外語的國小學童閱讀

碩士[[abstract]]論文提要內容: 本文旨在尋找一個可行的英語教學模式來教授國小學童閱讀，亦欲擺脫傳統外語教學中，閱讀教學常侷限於單字以及文法結構的教學模式，藉由學生所學的英語字彙、句型及自身日常生活經歷，在大學生的協助之下，由小學生自由發揮和自行手製繪本，並用以做為閱讀教學的教材。 此次參與研究的為四十三位國小學童以及六位大學生。本研究以質的研究 為主，透過教師訪談、教學觀察、問卷等方法來探討兩個研究問題: 一、在應用 以語言經驗教學法為基礎的閱讀教學模式中，哪些問題會產生並阻礙老師的教學? 二、學生在此閱讀教學模式中的學習成效? 研究結果發現，第一，受制於教育政策信念的影響以及現實教學狀況中外語教學時數不足的情況之下，教師往往必須捨棄許多學生說話時間(STT: Student Talking Time)以及多元化教學法試驗時間，進而加速英文課本中的學習。為了更進一步得到實際在應用中所產生的問題及相關訊息，並解決班級人數過多、上課時數不足以及學生英語程度差異對教授閱讀的影響，因此有了大學生的加入。 第二，根據課堂教學觀察，因為大學生的加入以及小組教學所營造的愉悅的學習環境，學生們很積極地運用他們所學的語言技能及字彙，向各組老師以英文或中文報告他們的生活經歷，用以編輯故事，並加上手寫文字及繪圖，完成一本自製繪本。如此的過程，愈發使學習者引發學習動機，進而引領他們閱讀其他更多的英文課外讀物，達到所謂閱讀的良性循環。在合作學習的環境中，透過同儕教學及小組學習，增加對自製繪本內容的理解，並利用溝通和互動的學習模式促進語言學習技巧的發展。 本研究的目的除了提供英語教師對閱讀教學上的建議之外，更希望提供老師對閱讀教學的新觀點:教學應以學習者為中心，一個能符合學生學習需求及本身英語程度的閱讀教學模式，可以刺激及鼓勵學習者的主動學習; 聽、說、讀、寫四領域應相輔相成。[[abstract]]Abstract: The purpose of the study is to highlight the potential of a book project based on the LEA (Language Experience Approach) model of learning on EFL children''s reading development. Instead of a skill-based, structure-oriented design, the project focused on the process of incorporating learner''s language knowledge and life experiences in making their books through the help of student teachers. 43 elementary school students and six student teachers were involved in this LEA-based book project for one semester. Students were tutored twice a week for the duration of fifty minutes per session through the assistance of student teachers from Tamkang University. The study was primarily qualitative in nature. Data was collected through the use of interviews, questionnaires, a student teacher''s teaching log, and evaluation of the classroom situation. Through the data collected, this study aimed to investigating two main questions. Firstly, what are some challenges teachers might encounter in the process of implementing a book project? Secondly, how do elementary school students perceive this model of instruction? The findings of this study suggested that reading should be included in English lessons since the program was met with enthusiastic response and active participation from students. With the volunteer help from student teachers, limitation of instruction time and large class size for implementing this reading model was compensated. Moreover, reading and writing skills should be taught to children at the beginning level to help students enhance their literacy development. The findings of this study indicated that students involved in this reading program experienced an interactive literacy learning and learned from it with great success and a sense of achievement. The findings of this study also showed that the students benefited from the shared experiences that extended their knowledge of the world around them while building a sense of community. With a positive learning experience, students were confident about their ability to learn and were more likely to become life long learners.[[tableofcontents]]TABLE OF CONTENTS CHINESE ABSTRACT ..........................................i ENGLISH ABSTRACT..........................................ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS..........................................iv TABLE OF CONTENTS..........................................v LIST OF TABLES..........................................viii CHAPTERⅠ INTRODUCTION.....................................1 1.1 Background of the Study................................2 1.2 Purpose of the Study...................................5 1.3 The Research Questions ................................6 1.4 Research Methodology...................................7 1.5 Significance of the Study..............................8 CHAPTERⅡ. LITERATURE REVIEW...............................9 2.1 Studies on Reading Instruction That Works.............11 2.1.1 Whole Language Approach........................11 2.1.2 Skilled Reading Approach........................20 2.1.3 Balanced Approach: Whole-Part-Whole Approach....27 2.2 Language Experience Approach: Bridging the Gap Between Spoken and Written Language...........................32 2.2.1 Definitions of LEA..............................33 2.2.2 LEA Perspective on Language Learning............35 2.2.3 LEA Perspective on Language Teaching............41 2.2.4 LEA Perspective on Materials....................46 2.3 Studies on early literacy interventions...............50 CHAPTERⅢ. METHODS AND PROCEDURES.........................55 3.1 Participants..........................................55 3.1.1 Background Information of the Elementary School Students........................................56 3.1.2 Background Information of the Student Teachers..56 3.2 Research Questions....................................57 3.3 Instruments...........................................58 3.4 Teaching Procedures...................................60 3.5 Data Collection Procedures............................62 3.6 Data Analysis.........................................64 CHAPTER Ⅳ. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION........................66 4.1 Profile of the Participants...........................66 4.1.1 Profile of the Students.........................66 4.1.2 Profile of the Student Teachers.................68 4.2 Classroom Procedures..................................69 4.2.1 Classroom Process...............................69 4.2.2 A Sample Classroom Procedure....................73 4.3 Student Teachers'' Teaching Logs.......................76 4.3.1 The Challenges Encountered (Research Question 1A) ................................................76 4.3.2 The Solutions (Research Question 1B)............80 4.3.3 Student Teachers'' Evaluation of the Book Project (Research Question 2A)..........................84 4.4 Students'' Changes in Their Attitudes Toward Reading (Research Question 2B)...............................90 4.4.1 Their Anterior Attitude Toward Reading..........90 4.4.2 Their Posterior Attitude Toward Reading.........91 CHAPTERⅤ. CONCLUSIONS, IMPLICATIONS, AND SUGGESTIONS.....96 5.1 Summary of the Study..............................96 5.2 Major Findings of the Study.......................97 5.3 Implications.....................................100 5.4 Limitation of the Study..............................103 5.5 Suggestions for Future...............................103 REFERENCES...............................................106 APPENDICES...............................................116 LIST OF TABLES Table 1. Background Information of the Elementary School Students…………………..56 2. Background Information of the Student Teachers………………………………57 3. How Well the Students Participated in the Book Project………………………85 4. Students'' Reactions or Attitudes toward the Creation of Their Own Books……87 5. To What Extent the Book Project Integrates the Four Skills……………….88 6. The Effectiveness of Using the Student-made Materials in Promoting Reading.89 7. Student''s Reflection on the Book Project………………………………………92 8. The Reasons for Student''s Positive Preference Towards This Program………93[[note]]學號: 690010193, 學年度: 9

Water Flow-like Algorithm for Sequencing Problems

仿水流優化演算法(Water Flow-like Algorithm, WFA)是新創的尋優演算法。WFA係仿效水流在地理空間逐步流向最低點的特性，將代理人模擬成水流，在解空間中搜尋最佳解。WFA模仿水流的分流和匯流特性，動態調整代理人的數量，有效地進行集中或分散搜尋。此外WFA亦模擬水流蒸發和降水的特性，使搜尋能有機會跳脫區域最佳解。WFA最先提出是用於求解物件分群優化問題，本研究提出求解一般性物件排序優化問題的仿水流優化演算法(Water Flow-like Algorithm for Sequencing Problems, WFA4SP)。在WFA的演算程序規範下，規劃符合物件排序問題限制的仿水流搜尋機制。本研究提出仿連續空間位置指定法、子序列變動法、和鏈結關係繼承法三種求解排序問題的分流移步法，以設定每一演化代次水流移動的位置。接著提出循環比對法以計算物件排序解的相似度，供匯流作業使用。為驗證本研究所提的WFA4SP演算機制，本研究以旅行推銷員標竿問題為測試對象。比較三種分流移步法的成效，並與典型的遺傳演算法比較求解結果，探究本研究所提方法可行性。結果顯示在共同目標函式求算次數下，WFA4SP表現較遺傳演算法優異。因匯流作業的循環比對作業會耗費大量計算資源，在共同求解時間下求解大維度問題時仍有改善空間。Water Flow-like Algorithm, WFA, is a newly developed optimization algorithm that simulates a solution searching agent as a water flow traversing the lowest point of a terrain. The number of water flows is dynamically changed while water flows split into subflows against rough terrain and merge several flows into one single flow. Flow splitting and merging are mimicked by the WAF to conduct efficient optimum search in the solution space. In addition, water evaporation and precipitation are simulated in WFA to jump out of local optima or to broaden the searching area. WFA was originally proposed for grouping problems. This paper presents a WFA for solving object sequencing problems, namely WFA for Sequencing Problem, WFA4SP. Based on the original WFA computation structure, WFA4SP conducts the water flows to stand for feasible solutions of a sequencing problem, where the coordinates of the position of a water flow must be mutual exclusive. This paper presents three water flow methods: continuous space-like position assignment (CPA), subtour shuffle (SS), and link relationship inheritance (LRI), to assign feasible flow positions in water splitting operation of the WFA4SP. In addition, a cyclic similarity computation procedure is developed to evaluate the closeness of two flow positions to facilitate the water flow merging operation of the WFA4SP. Several TSP benchmarks were used to test the WFA4SP and results were compared with those from the best GA methods that uses GSX and TSP dedicated GX crossover operators. Numerical tests showed that the LRI position assignment method generated the best results than those from the CPA and SS methods. Result comparison showed that based on the same limit of the number of objective function calls, the WFA4SP outperforms the GA methods with GSX and GX crossover operators. Nevertheless, the high computation complexity of the flow merging operation results in costly computation overhead than other operations of WFA4SP.誌謝 i文摘要 iibstract iii錄 v目錄 vii目錄 viii英文名詞對照表 ix號列表 x1章 緒論 1.1 研究背景 1.2 研究目的 2.3 研究方法 2.4 章節概要 42章 啟發式演算法及排序優化問題文獻探討 5.1 啟發式演算法 5.1.1 禁忌搜尋法 5.1.2 粒子團優化演算法 5.1.3 仿電磁吸斥優化演算法 6.1.4 遺傳演算法 7.1.5 蟻拓尋優法 9.1.6 仿水流優化演算法 9.2 物件排序優化問題 10.2.1 TSP類型 10.2.2 GA求解方式 11.3 文獻小結 143章 排序優化問題的仿水流優化演算法 16.1 WFA設計概念及成效 16.2 WFA4SP的演算流程 18.3 初始設定 23.4 分流移步作業 23.4.1 決定分流數 23.4.2 分流移步 25.5 匯流作業 43.6 蒸發作業 46.7 降水作業 47.8 WFA4SP整體演算程序 50.9 小結 514章 仿水流優化演算法求解系統及範例驗證 53.1 仿水流離散優化演算法求解系統 53.2 系統驗證分析 55.2.1 WFA4SP三種分流移步法比較 55.2.2 WFA4SP演算成效分析 58.3 小結 655章 結論與未來研究建議 66.1 結論 66.2 未來研究建議 67考文獻 6

Classification of insomnia using traditional Chinese medicine diagnostic system: a systematic review

published_or_final_versionPsychiatryMasterMaster of Medical Science

The Effective of Information Security Management and the Composition of the Board - Base on Firms of Taiwan

本研究主要目的係探討台灣上市櫃公司之資安事件管理成效性與企業董事會架構組成之關聯性。透過代理理論與資源依賴理論之討論，以手動方式搜尋網站資源以取得資安事件相關資料樣本，並結合從台灣經濟新報資料庫(TEJ)中之公司資料庫取得董事會結構之資料，探討企業董事會組成結構，如董事席次、獨立董事比例、董事之薪酬以及董事持股比例是否能影響資安事件發生與否以及事件次數。結果顯示，董事席次越高，則資安管理成效性越低；而獨立董事佔董事席次比例越高之企業，其資安管理成效性越低。以本研究結果推論，企業應根據自身需求及環境調整董事會組成，將董事席次與獨立董事比例納入考量因素，尤以獨立董事為外部人士，對於企業營運之熟悉度不高，易造成監督與決策上的困難，而不易發揮董事於資安管理之監督性及提供資源之貢獻，故企業於董事選任上應審慎考慮獨立董事之比例，以期提高企業資安管理之成效性。This thesis focuses on the association between the effectiveness of information security management and the board structure. We build our hypotheses on the agency theory and the resource dependence theory. After searching the samples of information security breaches manually in Information Security and UDN website and combining them with the data of board structure from Company DB of Taiwan Economic Journal, we investigate the how the composition of the board such as size of board, percentage of independent directors, compensation of board directors and percentage of stocks which is owned by board directors could affect the occurrence of information security breaches. Our result demonstrates that as the size of board and the percentage of independent directors increases, the effectiveness of information security management decreases. Our finding suggests that firm should consider the size of board and the percentage of independent board directors when hiring directors and supervisors. The firm needs to have a balanced composition of independent and inside directors in order to achieve a better effectiveness of information security management