浙江省成人吸烟行为趋势研究

目的了解浙江省成人吸烟状况及变化趋势,为制定控烟政策和评估控烟效果提供依据。方法于2004年、2010年和2016年,采用多阶段随机抽样方法从浙江省30个省级卫生监测县(市、区) 15~69岁常住居民中分别抽取7 478、 7 615和7 546人进行吸烟专题调查,分析成人吸烟率和戒烟率变化趋势。结果 2016年,成人现在吸烟率为22.21%,标化率为19.82%,较2004年下降29.64%;男女现在吸烟率分别为45.23%和0.54%,标化率分别为38.54%和0.44%,分别较2004年下降29.13%和55.56%;城市和农村居民现在吸烟率分别为19.27%和24.04%,标化率分别为17.51%和21.27%,分别较2004年下降27.61%和30.26%,且农村居民现在吸烟率高于城市(P0.05)。2016年成功戒烟率为8.29%,标化率为6.16%,总体呈下降趋势(P0.05),但戒烟意愿标化率由2004年的12.23%上升至2016年的19.81%(P<0.05)。结论浙江省成人现在吸烟率呈下降趋势,男性成功戒烟率变化不明显。浙江省公益技术应用研究计划(2017C33090

Evaluation of Water Resource Utilization in the Jiulong River Basin Based on Water Footprint Theory

以虚拟水为基础的水足迹理论是一种全新的水资源概念,本文运用该理论对福建省九龙江流域进行了水足迹计算,并应用了水资源利用评价指标体系对水足迹计算结果进行评价,最后结合其他研究结论和水资源数据进行了比较分析。水足迹计算结果表明:九龙江流域人均水足迹计算值为1440.695M3/(CAPy)。水资源利用评价结果表明:流域水自给率为96.26%,进口依赖度仅为3.74%,对内部水资源依赖度较高;内部效益均不大,万吨水足迹人口密度为6.94人/万T,水足迹经济效益23.81元/M3,水足迹土地密度为36.4万M3/kM2;水资源净贸易输出量为3.53亿M3,贡献率为3.80%,呈现较高的外向型;水资源匮乏指数为54%,水资源压力指数为57.80%。比较分析结果表明:水足迹计算值显著大于水资源公报数据,人均水足迹处于相对较高的水平,水匮乏度极低,水自给率较高。总体而言,九龙江流域水资源状况较为理想,但也面临巨大的压力和风险,因此需要加强水资源的科学管理,实现未来的可持续利用。Water footprint theory is based on virtual water and is a new concept reflecting the real consumption and usage of water resources in a social-economic system.The theory provides a new method for evaluating water resources and understanding the water resource situation more scientifically.In this paper, we studied the subtropical Jiulong River located in southwest Fujian, China.Data were derived from local yearbooks and bulletins across the basin.During the calculation of water demands for agricultural production, virtual water contents per unit quality of agricultural products drew on and adapted Chapagain and Hoekstra’s research results from 2004.We applied an indicator system for water resource evaluation to assess calculation results.We then analyzed the calculation values in combination with conclusions from other research and relative water resource data.The results indicate that the water footprint of the Jiulong River Basin in 2009 was 50.165×10 8 m 3 and the water footprint per capita was 1440.695 m 3 /cap/y.The self-sufficiency rate was 96.26% and the basin mainly depends on internal water resources.Internal efficiency is not high, the population density per 10 thousand tons water footprint is 6.94 cap/10 4 t, the economy efficiency is 23.81 Yuan/m 3 and the land density is 3.64×10 5 m 3 /km 2 .The net trade output of water resources was 3.53 × 10 8 m 3 , the contribution rate is 3.80% and the basin represents obvious extraversion.The scarcity index of water resources was 54% and the pressure index was 57.80%, both of which are relatively low.Comparative analysis results indicate that the calculated value of the water footprint is significantly greater than local statistical water usage and water footprint per capita is relatively high.The scarcity index of water resources is extremely low while the self-sufficiency rate is very high.Overall, even under ideal conditions the Jiulong River Basin still faces great pressure and risk.Managers from local government need to understand the water resource situation from a new perspective and improve water resource management in this wet subtropical region.We need to strengthen the scientific management of water resources in order to realize proper sustainable utilization.国家自然科学基金项目(编号:41175130);教育部新世纪优秀人才支持计划;福建省高校新世纪优秀人才支持计划资助项

A FUZZY PRODUCTION SYSTEM FOR MULTIOBJECTIVE SCHEDULING TO AN ONE-MACHINE-N-PARTS PROBLEM

A fuzzy production system for multiobjective scheduling is described. Based on the heuristic search principle in AI, this system takes the heuristic algorithms used for finding optimal or quasi-optimal sequences of different single objectives as the production rules, and the fuzzy min-operator with nonlinear membership function is taken as the test criterion. It is capable of finding an optimal or quasi-optimal processing sequence to meet many different objective functions simultaneously.</p

Semi-intelligent Determination of Rare-earth Oxides by ICP-AES

本文报道了一种用ICP-AES直接测定稀土氧化物的半智能方法，稀土基体对某一稀土分析谱线的光谱干扰被预先扫描并存于谱图集中。在实际测定中，相应的干扰谱图被调用，参加扣除干扰谱线影响的校正计算。结果表明该法令人满意。A semi-intelligent method For the direct determination of rare-earth oxides by ICP-AES is described.The interFerence spectra of matrix rare-earth elements were prescaned at the analytical wavelength of each rareearth element,and stored in the interFerence spectra database.During real sample analyses, the interFerence spectra in the database were retrieved For interFerence correction.Results indicated that this corrcetion method is satisFactory.国家进出口商品检验局资助;国家自然科学基

《中国传统工艺全集》——匠心之作

1996年,中国科学院自然科学史研究所启动《中国传统工艺全集》的编撰工作。到2016年,大象出版社已出版了路甬祥主编的《中国传统工艺全集》20卷。这套丛书内容丰富翔实,系统阐述了十余大类的传统工艺,涉及漆器、陶瓷、金属工艺、机械、纺织、印染、酿造、中药炮制、造纸、印刷、雕塑、甲胄等领域,反映了中国学者对传统工艺的认知水平。作者们深谙技艺及相关学术问题,将中国传统工艺研究推向了新的层次和广度。但是,《中国传统工艺全集》并未涵盖全部重要工艺,对工艺的人文内涵的探讨还有待深化

高效液相色谱-感耦等离子体发射光谱联用技术分析稀土氧化物的研究

本工作研究了用高效液相色谱-电感耦合等离子体发射光谱的联用技术分析稀土混合物的方法。结果表明,联用技术可以有效地消除稀土间的光谱干扰,从而提高分析的准确性

岷江上游典型退化生态系统恢复重建研究与示范

岷江项目在我国西部典型的生态脆弱地带-岷江上游地区，建立了拥有2大系统（恢复系统、支撑系统）的3段示范区（亚高山、中山、干旱河谷）的二元恢复体系，构建了3大类13个生态恢复重建组合模式，提供了适宜的试验示范技术体系22套，并编制了技术应用指南6套，SOP 11个；建立示范区2万多亩；首次大规模筛选并繁育出43种乡土阔叶树种优质苗木，共3050万株；在茂县、理县、松潘等地建立了130余亩植被恢复与优良经济植物的繁育基地和400余亩的草种基地，推动了生态建设思路从单纯造林向生态功能提高的转变。试验成功的技术与模式在高山峡谷区“天然林保护工程”和“退耕还林工程”中推广应用32万余亩。项目成果不仅会显著促进整个岷江上游山地生态功能恢复，而且对长江生态屏障建设也将产生深远的影响