Study on the Issues of Urbanization about Xiamen Rural Area

城市化、工业化是农村经济社会发展的趋势。本文从就地城市化这一角度出发，深入研究了厦门农村就地城市化战略，试图推进厦门城乡统筹发展，经济社会协调发展，全面建设小康社会，并为中国其它地区社会主义新农村建设提供有益的经验。 本文收集和借鉴了国内外城市化理论和史实，结合厦门实际进行剖析。在研究方法上，坚持理论联系实际。在研究结构上，首先概述了农村就地城市化的内涵及相关理论，其次研究了厦门农村就地城市化的进程及存在问题，最后探讨了推进厦门农村就地城市化的一般原则与对策建议。 本文认为厦门农村就地城市化是指结合城区、成片工业区、开发区建设，用城市现代文明改造农村，在避免大拆大建的前提下使城乡产业结构得...Urbanization and industrialization is a trend of the rural economic and social development . This article,from the point of in-place urbanization,studies the Xiamen-situ urbanization in rural areas,trying to push forward the coordinated development of urban and rural,economic and social in Xiamen,and to provide useful experience for other parts of China. This paper collects and learns the theory ...学位：经济学硕士院系专业：经济学院经济系_政治经济学学号：1532006115077

Research and Development of Agricultural Machinery (II)

為因應當前農業環境之重大改變,適應世界貿易自由化、國際化之潮流,並突破當前之農業困境,擬衡酌未來土地利用型農作物之發展趨勢,研究開發本土型之農作物種苗、栽培、管理、病蟲害防治、收穫及收穫後處理等作業所需之機械,以促進農業生產全面機械化,藉以解決農村勞力不足問題,降低生產成本,確保農產品之品質.本年度本計畫將繼續水果內部品質檢測之研究,並對NIR非破壞性檢測之應用,柿子加工去皮去梗修蒂機之研製,加工用印度棗清洗、選別及劃切之一貫化及菱角剝殼機之研究進一步發展以取代人工作業模式,提高品質.研究改良桿式噴藥機、動力雙軌車,草花種苗假植機以提高作業效率.開發鳳梨園用施肥機、曳引機承載夾起式洋蔥收穫機、自走式白蘿蔔收穫機,耕耘刀表面特殊處理技術與曳引機旁載式堆肥攪拌翻堆機等機械與技術,提高生產與管理的效率,降低成本.研製蒸氣處理介質土壤病蟲害防治設備與果實蠅誘蟲器監控系統,減少病蟲害影響並減低農藥之用量.研製連續式紅外線茶葉烘培機,低濕調溫乾燥機與進行自然通風器應用於溫室環控之研究,以建立現有控制技術在農產品處理與環境上之應用系統.預期依計畫進度完成相關農產品檢測、農作物栽培、管理收穫與處理機械,以降低生產成本,提高產品品質,加速國內農業之轉型,促進農業升級.To adopt the change of agriculture environment as well as the world trade structure, it is a must to develop machines for local crops, seedlings, cultures, management, protecting system of disease and insect pest, harvesting, and post-harvesting process. Thus, mechanization in agricultural production would solve the problem of labor shortage as well as lower the cost of production, and resulted in ensuring the quality of agricultural products. There are several sub-projects proposed in this project to replace the manual operation and to improve the quality. They are listed in the followings: evaluation of internal quality of fruits, application of non-destructive NIR method, development of skin peeling machine and stem trimming for the diospyros kaki process, development of the integrated operating machine consists of cleaning, sorting and scar-cutting for Indian jujube, and study on the manufacture of peeling machine for water caltrops. In addition, there are three sub-projects proposed to improve the efficiencies of operations, such as performance improvement of boom sprayer, development of double-rail car for spraying on slope land, and design and development of a transplanter for ornamental flower seedlings. To improve the efficiencies of production and management thus results in cost reduction, five sub-projects are proposed: the study for fertilizer of pineapple yard, studies on the mounted type of onion harvester, the studies on a self-propelled radish harvester, surface hardening treatment for tillage blades, and development study of compost turner side mounted type from tractor. To reduce disease and insect pest as well as lower the usage of pesticide, there are two sub-projects proposed, such as development of the steam treatment machinery for medium and soil and design and development of a monitoring system for the oriental fruit fly trap. In addition, there are two sub-projects proposed to apply the commercially available control techniques on agricultural productprocesses and environmental system. They are the development of infrared tea roasting machine for continuous type and the study and application of the energy-free turbo ventilator used in the green house. Based on the schedule of this project, it would complete the evaluation of some agricultural products, transplanting, machines for managing, harvesting and processing, to lower the cost as well as improve the quality so that helps local agriculture upgrade and transform in a considerable speed

若羌绿洲近55a气候变化基本特征/Climate Change Characteristic of Ruoqiang Oasis During Recent 55 Years[J]

利用1954～2008年若羌气象站年平均气温、年降水量、年平均地面风速、年沙尘日数和沙尘暴日数等资料,分析了近55 a若羌绿洲地面气候变化基本特征。研究表明：（1）近50 a来若羌绿洲各气象要素综合表现为显著的暖湿化趋势,其中年平均气温增温速率普遍为0.25℃/10 a,高于0.22℃/10 a的全国平均水平,与全球变暖的大背景相一致;（2）年降水量表现为小幅增加趋势,降水增加速率为6.5 mm/10 a,与新疆降水量增加的趋势一致;（3）年平均地面风速减小速率为0.08 m.s-1/10 a,主要是由于农林绿化的增加;（4）年沙尘日数、年沙尘暴日数都呈减少趋势,减少速率分别为21.6 d/10 a和4 d/10 a,与降水量增加、生态改善、气候的暖湿化有关;（5）若羌绿洲的气温、降水、地面风速、年沙尘日数用Mann-kendall方法检验分别在不同年份发生了不同程度的突变。结果指出若羌绿洲气候正在趋于暖湿化