The Study of Urban Stormwater Runoff Pollution Characteristics and Uncertainties of Data Collection in an Urban Lawn Catchment

随着城市化进程的加速，城市不透水面增加，引起降雨径流水质变差、径流产汇流时间缩短、洪峰时间提前等问题。城市降雨径流污染日益成为水体污染的主要污染来源。然而，开展城市降雨径流污染控制与管理工作要以识别城市降雨径流污染特征为前提。作为城市重要的下垫面类型，城市绿地常与绿地养护、泊车、休闲等人类活动紧密相联，但有关绿地降雨径流污染研究却比较少。另外，针对不同区域、不同下垫面类型的众多城市降雨径流监测方案被应用于识别城市降雨径流污染特征，但对于获取的监测数据往往未经误差处理就被应用，监测数据的不确定性与监测方案的合理性缺乏有效评估。基于此，本研究选取典型城市绿地小流域，开展了城市绿地降雨径流污染特征与...Non-point pollution resulting from urban stormwater runoff is recognized as one of the major causes of quality deterioration in the receiving water bodies in urban areas. As an important type of urban surface, lawn accumulated lots of pollutants due to human activities such as fertilizer application, parking and recreation, which will be washed off and carried into the water bodies during rainfall...学位：理学硕士院系专业：海洋与环境学院环境科学与工程系_环境管理学号：2006115240

海岸建筑后退线设置方法与实践研究

海岸建筑后退线设置是保护海岸带区域生态环境,保障海岸区域建筑安全及维护海岸景观的重要规划手段。本文以龙海市海岸带为研究对象,考虑海岸侵蚀、海洋灾害等自然因素的基础上,结合生态系统服务价值,确定龙海市不同岸线类海岸建筑后退线的距离,为海岸带空间规划提供基础依据。结果确定龙海市不同岸线类型的海岸建筑后退线的距离分别为砂质岸线240 m、淤泥质岸线240 m、基岩岸线30 m、生物岸线220 m、人工岸线30 m。福建省属公益类科研院所基本科研专项(2014R1006-2);;福建省海岛与海岸带管理技术研究重点实验室开放基金(CIMTS-2015-5

Study on evaluation method of pollutants amount from land in bay region

基于gIS和rS技术,应用经验模型探讨沿海港湾区域陆源污染物计算方法,旨在定量估算沿海港湾区域陆源污染物的来源、贡献,为区域环境规划与管理提供依据。该方法首先采用gIS技术划分汇水区边界和汇水单元,然后利用rS技术解译获得区域的土地利用/覆被变化,并进一步利用经验模型SCS-Cn、uSlE和污染物流失方程、排污系数法来进行陆源污染物负荷估算。以罗源湾为例,研究结果表明,基于gIS技术,以汇水区为单元对港湾区域陆源污染物来源贡献的计算方法可有效地辅助区域的环境规划与管理。An approach to estimate the land-based pollution loads in a bay region by the integration of Geographic Information System(GIS),Remote Sensing(RS) technology,empirical models and discharge coefficient was proposed.In this approach,the sub-catchments were firstly delineated by GIS,and then land use and cover change in the study area was obtained by RS.Furthermore,the SCS-CN,USLE model,the Pollutant Loss Equation and pollutant discharge coefficient were coupled to estimate the land-based pollution loads.Luoyuan Bay was further taken as a case study to illustrate this approach.It shows that such approach is an effective means to estimate the land-based pollution loads,and it is beneficial to gain knowledge for the environmental plan and management.福建省青年人才项目(2007F3093

Local Sensitivity and Its Stationarity Analysis for Urban Rainfall Runoff Modelling

基于MOrrIS筛选法,在厦门城市小流域采用8场实测降雨数据对城市降雨径流模型SWMM的水文水力模块进行局部灵敏度及其稳定性分析.结果表明,ArEA、%IMPErV和dSTOrE-IMPErV是影响降雨总径流量和流量峰值最灵敏的参数.对于总径流量,ArEA、%IMPErV和dSTOrE-IMPErV的灵敏度分别为0.46~1.0、0.61~1.0和-0.050~-5.9;而对于流量峰值,它们的灵敏度分别为0.48~0.89、0.59~0.83和0~-9.6.其中降雨强度最小的场次降雨的各个参数降雨总径流量和流量峰值的灵敏度都最大,而降雨强度较大的场次降雨的总径流量和流量峰值的灵敏度都较小.不同场次降雨模型参数的灵敏度分析具有很大的差异性,但%zErO-IMPErV对总径流量和流量峰值模拟输出影响的稳定性最小,表现在变异度最大,高达221.24%和228.10%,而COnduCTIVITy参数稳定性最大,变异系数都为0.Sensitivity analysis of urban-runoff simulation is a crucial procedure for parameter identification and uncertainty analysis.Local sensitivity analysis using Morris screening method was carried out for urban rainfall runoff modelling based on Storm Water Management Model(SWMM).The results showed that Area,% Imperv and Dstore-Imperv are the most sensitive parameters for both total runoff volume and peak flow.Concerning total runoff volume,the sensitive indices of Area,% Imperv and Dstore-Imperv were 0.46-1.0,0.61-1.0,-0.050--5.9,respectively;while with respect to peak runoff,they were 0.48-0.89,0.59-0.83,0--9.6,respectively.In comparison,the most sensitive indices(Morris) for all parameters with regard to total runoff volume and peak flow appeared in the rainfall event with least rainfall;and less sensitive indices happened in the rainfall events with heavier rainfall.Furthermore,there is considerable variability in sensitive indices for each rainfall event.% Zero-Imperv’s coefficient variations have the largest values among all parameters for total runoff volume and peak flow,namely 221.24% and 228.10%.On the contrary,the coefficient variations of conductivity among all parameters for both total runoff volume and peak flow are the smallest,namely 0.国家自然科学基金项目(50778098);福建省青年人才项目(2007F3093

海域使用管理的若干问题探讨

文章对海域使用管理中遇到的若干问题进行探讨,包括海洋功能区划符合性判别、海域使用论证及用海确权、岸线认定、填海项目竣工海域使用验收等方面内容,以期为海域使用精细化管理提供参考依据。海洋公益性行业科研专项经费资助(200905004

Gradient Analysis of Landscape Pattern in Louyan Gulf Region in Fujian Province

运用景观指数与梯度分析相结合分析福建省典型港湾区域-罗源湾区域近20年来的景观格局及其时空梯度,定量描述人类活动行为与区域景观格局时空变化的联系。基于景观指数的景观格局分析表明:1988年~2007年期间罗源湾区域总体景观格局破碎度呈明显的增加,景观结构的复杂化趋势明显。梯度分析结果显示,1988年~2007年县城中心及其附近的斑块密度、景观形状指数高于两侧的乡村区域,景观破碎度、景观组分复杂度呈明显的空间梯度;建设用地景观的最大斑块指数、平均斑块面积、斑块连通度以县城中心及其附近为最大,并向外围两端的乡村递减;1988年~2007年水体景观因围海工程而斑块密度、最大斑块指数、平均斑块面积和斑块连通性指数值呈下降趋势。罗源湾县城中心的城市化作用与围海造地的政策因素是促使研究区域景观格局具有明显的时空分异的两大驱动力。Land use and land cover change(LUCC) has received attention in recent years due to its important role in global and regional environmental change.The spatial pattern of land use reflects underlying human activities including urbanization process and policies developed for social and economic development at local to regional scales.The quantification of landscape pattern is a prerequisite for the identification and evaluation of temporal changes,and for the study of the effects of pattern on ecological processes.Landscape pattern metrics are an important characteristic for evaluating the ecological processes and effects of land use.A large collection of indices have been developed to describe landscape pattern,and these indices have proved useful for the description of landscape structure and its spatial-temporal dynamics.Gradient analysis has also proved to be a useful and necessary tool for studying the ecological consequences of urbanization,since the direction and magnitude of landscape change could be different for urbanization processes in particular regions.In this study,gradient analysis was integrated with landscape pattern metrics to characterize the spatial-temporal landscape pattern and quantitatively describe the relationship between human activities and ecological processes over the period 1988 to 2007 in a coastal gulf region in southeast China.Three years of Landsat TM images,from 1988,2002,and 2007,were interpreted to obtain land-use datasets.Based on the analysis of the whole gulf region using landscape pattern metrics,the overall trend of landscape pattern in Louyan gulf region over the period 1988 to 2007 showed that landscape fragmentation tended to increase and landscape structure became more complicated.Gradient analysis shows distinctive spatial differences in landscape fragmentation and landscape structure from the urban center to rural.At the landscape level,landscape pattern metrics including Patch Density(PD) and Landscape Shape Index(LSI) have higher values in urban centers than in rural areas.As for the built-up land class,the spatial gradient demonstrates that landscape pattern metrics including Largest Patch Index(LPI),Mean Patch Size(MPS),and Patch Cohesion Index(COHES) tend to decrease from county center to rural area.For water bodies,due to the policy called "Transferring Seawater into Built-Up Land," landscape pattern metrics including PD,LPI,MPS,and COHES tend to decrease over the period 1988 to 2007.Urbanization processes and this development policy are found to be the two driving forces leading to the spatial-temporal landscape pattern in Louyan gulf region during 1988 to 2007.福建省青年人才项目(编号:2007F3093

ADCP回波信号在悬浮泥沙测量中的适应性研究

选取福建省的湄洲湾、大港湾、东山湾外三个短期测站大、小潮观测数据为样本,利用ADCP现场测得的回波强度计算水体平均体积后散射强度,并建立其与悬浮泥沙浓度的回归关系。根据计算结果,受潮流、潮汐作用强烈的近岸海域,后散射强度与悬浮泥沙间具有良好的相关性,利用回归公式反演的悬沙浓度与实测数据平均相对误差均在20%以内,表明了此种方法在此类海区反演悬浮泥沙含量的可行性;对于随潮流、潮汐作用下悬浮泥沙浓度变化不强烈、水体混合均匀的海域,难以建立后散射强度与悬浮泥沙浓度的良好回归关系,不适宜用此类方法反演悬浮泥沙浓度。此外,为了得到波动范围更大的悬浮泥沙观测数据,应选取更能反映特定地点泥沙变化规律的时间段进行观测,选取的时间序列越长、越具有代表性,建立的回归关系越能反映悬浮泥沙输运特征。福建省公益类科研院所专项基金(2015R1006-9,2018R1006-4);;福建省自然科学基金(2016J01178)资