Researches on essential mechanics issues for submerged floating tunnel

Since 2001, a research group in the Institute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, has been devoted to the research of essential mechanics issues for submerged floating tunnel (SFT). In addition to the structural design of the SFT prototype in Qiandao Lake, the relevant researches cover a number of topics. This paper briefly describes the research procedure and results, including dynamic response of SFT due to surface wave, vortex-induced vibration of anchoring system, structural analysis of curved SFT, temperature effects of curved SFT, structural dynamic response due to accidental load, and effects of structural parameters (buoyancy-weight ratio, tunnel length，tether stiffness，etc.) on dynamic response

疲劳裂纹尖端场的准静态二维位错密度模拟

裂纹尖端场的塑性行为在循环载荷作用下的演化规律与材料的疲劳行为密切相关。本文借助Bilby、Cottrell和Swinden的BCS模型,运用位错密度动力学(DDFD)方法,在细观尺度对晶体材料的疲劳裂纹尖端场进行准静态的二维位错密度模拟。在BCS模型和位错密度动力学方法中,视位错分布为细观点上的连续函数,称之为位错密度函数,根据位错滑移的Peierls-Nabarro力的不同来设置裂纹。所谓准静态是指:在循环加载的每个瞬时,位错密度的分布都处于平衡态。具体而言,本文分别以II型和III型疲劳裂纹为算例做循环载荷剪切加卸的二维位错密度模拟,将循环剪切下裂纹体的复杂不可逆塑性变形和应变不协调引起的残余应力行为转化为位错密度动力学行为。理论分析和数值计算给出疲劳裂尖场在初始加载和不同周次的加卸载状态下的位错密度的二维分布情况,结果反映了疲劳裂纹尖端场塑性区的形成和演化过程

高强钢超高周疲劳寿命预测模型和P-S-N曲线快速估计

高强钢的超高周疲劳裂纹通常起源于材料内部的夹杂物等缺陷处,并且疲劳断口具有典型的"鱼眼"和"暗区"形貌。大量研究表明,暗区内等效裂纹萌生速率远低于一个晶格尺度,并且暗区的形成消耗的寿命占总寿命95%以上。本文将裂纹源区夹杂物等缺陷等效成钱币型裂纹,从裂纹尖端塑性区尺寸和等效裂纹萌生速率的关系角度出发,提出一种考虑夹杂物尺度和暗区尺度影响的高强钢超高周疲劳寿命预测模型,即N=α~(-1)(σ_α/σ_Y)~(-1)ln(α_(FGA)/α_(ln)),α_(FGA)=(area_(FGA))～(1/2),area_(FGA)为暗区面积,α_(ln)=(area_(ln))～(1/2),area_(In)为夹杂物(或缺陷)垂直于主应力轴的投影面积,a和l为与材料有关的参数。并且推导了暗区内等效裂纹萌生速率表达式,即Inα=λN+lnα_(ln),其中λ=α(σ_α/σ_Y)',α_i=(area_i)～(1/2),area_i为第i周次后裂纹的面积,i=1,2,3,…。同时,本文提出一种采用少数实验点快速估计高强钢超高周疲劳范畴P-S-N曲线的方法。模型估计结果与实验结果吻合很好

水中悬浮隧道锚索的非线性涡激振动研究

建立了水中悬浮隧道锚索在波流场中涡激振动的非线性数学模型,考虑了锚索的几何非线性对其涡激振动的影响,并应用有限差分法求解了锚索的运动控制方程。计算结果表明:锚索在顺流向和横向2个方向运动的耦合作用特别是几何非线性作用的引入,抑制了部分高阶模态的激发,使锚索横向涡激振动的振幅减小,顺流向振动的振幅增大;在悬浮隧道的振动引起的强迫激励和参数激励作用下,锚索顺流向涡激振动振幅显著增大,横向涡激振动出现"拍"的现象

A statistical analytical method for fatigue reliability containing very-high-cycle fatigue regime

Fatigue tests usually cost a lot of time and expenses especially for very-high-cycle fatigue(VHCF).Hence,a convenient and fast method is necessary for obtaining the S-N curve under different probabilities(i.e.P-S-N curve) s that to give an entire trend of the fatigue property of metallic material..

A micromechanical model for deformation behavior of nanocrystalline copper

Molecular dynamics simulations have show that nanocrystalline (NC) materials can be treated as composite materials consisting of two phases of grain and grain boundary. In this paper, the incremental stress-strain relation is derived based on deformation mechanism of NC materials and internal variable theory from micromechanics point of view. The developed model is exemplified by the pure copper subjected to uniaxial tension. Implicated iteration algorithm is then employed to obtain the stress-strain relation. Moreover, the effects of grain shape and statistical distribution of grain sizes are also discussed, and predicted results are compared with experimental values to verify the model

梯度强化材料中疲劳裂纹扩展的扩展有限元模拟

表面强化处理作为一种提高疲劳强度和寿命的方法,被广泛应用于工程构件中。这种处理会在构件的亚表面形成硬化层并引入残余压应力,从而提高疲劳性能。由于表面硬化层的微结构和力学性能具有梯度特征,疲劳裂纹在这种梯度层内的裂纹扩展行为难以定量预测。其中残余应力在裂纹萌生和裂纹扩展中起到十分重要的作用。本工作采用扩展有限元方法(XFEM),结合内聚力模型对梯度材料进行建模和计算。建模的对象选择表面强化的S38C钢,其具有梯度分布的微结构及残余压应力层。通过断裂能实验和拉伸试验,确定梯度材料的基本力学属性,建立内聚力模型单元。在此基础上,应用XFEM方法对疲劳裂纹扩展行为进行模拟计算,并与实验结果对比,找到一种可以解决梯度材料定量预测裂纹扩展行为的方法

Effect of revolution speed on microstructure and microhardness of Cu spencimens subjected to high-pressure torsion

通过高压扭转(HPT)技术在不同转速条件下实现了Cu试样的晶粒细化.利用光学显微镜(OM),透射电镜(TEM)及显微硬度计观察并测试了组织的结构与性能,并基于有限元计算了变形诱导试样的温升,研究了转速对Cu试样的组织细化与性能的影响.结果表明:转速由1/3r.min-1增大至1r.min-1,经1圈扭转变形,试样温度由40.8℃升高到54.1℃,变形组织均为100~600nm的高位错密度位错胞/亚晶组织,显微硬度由初始态的52HV0.05增大至140HV0.05;经16圈扭转变形,试样温度由50.4℃升高到97.4℃,组织细化到200nm.慢速扭转变形试样晶内位错密度高,微观组织处于严重变形状态;而快速扭转试样晶内衬度均匀,位错较少,微观组织经历明显的动态回复,显微硬度较慢速扭转变形试样低6

An analysis on overall crack-number-density of short-fatigue-cracks

The evolution of dispersed short-fatigue-cracks is analysed based on the equilibrium of crack-number-density (CND). By separating the mean value and the stochastic fluctuation of local CND, the equilibrium equation of overall CND is derived. Comparing with the mean-field equilibrium equation, the equilibrium equation of overall CND has different forms in the expression of crack-nucleation-rate or crack-growth-rate. The simulation results are compared with experimental measurements showing the stochastic analyses provide consistent tendency with experiments. The discrepancy in simulation results between overall CND and mean-field CND is discussed