Distribution and Species of Mercury in Water and Sediments from Huangpu River

黄浦江江水的总汞、溶解态汞和颗粒汞含量变化较大,其平均值分别为(0.4±0.44)ng/mL、(0.27±0.42)ng/mL和(0.13±0.10)ng/mL,江水中汞以溶解态汞为主.黄浦江沉积物的总汞含量为70.52ng/g~387.30ng/g,平均汞含量为(204.03±97.41)ng/g.江水和沉积物中汞的沿江分布具有中游高,上游和下游低的特征,西渡—南浦大桥江段汞含量为整个黄浦江最高的江段,汞的分布特征与两岸工农业布局相一致.沉积物总汞与有机质显著相关,沉积物中高汞含量的地点都在高水汞点的下游,与河流的动力沉积特点一致.沉积物中汞以可交换态、腐殖酸结合态、残渣态为主,少量为碳酸盐结合态.从上游到下游,沉积物中可交换态汞具有两端高中间低的特点,而残渣态汞与此相反.在剖面方向上,沉积物中的汞主要集中在残渣态,少量为腐殖酸结合态,可交换态及碳酸盐结合态,随着深度增加残渣态所占比例不规则增加.愈接近长江口,沉积物中的重金属愈容易被重新激活.Levels of total mercury, soluble mercury and particle mercury in water of Huangpu River change greatly, their average values are (0.40.44)ng/mL, (0.270.42)ng/mL, (0.130.10)ng/mL respectively. Mercury in water is mainly in the form of soluble mercury. Average mercury content in sediment of Huangpu River is relative high and up to (204.0397.41)ng/g, with a range of 70.52ng/g387.30ng/g. Mercury content is high in the middle reach of Huangpu River, especially in section of Xidu-Nanpu Bridge, and low in upstream and downstream. Distribution of mercury is hightly related with distribution of industry plants and farming. Locations with high mercury content in sediment are in the downstream of locations with high mercury content in water. Mercury (in sediments) is mainly in the form of residue, exchangeable ions, and humics-bound, seldom is in the form of carbonate-bound. Contrary to residue-bound mercury, exchangeable mercury is low in the middle reach, and high in upstream and downstream. There mainly are residue-bound mercury and little humics-bound mercury, exchangeable mercury, and carbonate-bound mercury in sediment in profile, and the residue-bound mercury increases irregularly with depth. Nearing the Mouth of Yangtze River, mercury in sediment becomes more active.国家自然科学基金资助项目(20077016);; 中国博士后基金项目(2002032148);; 厦门大学行动计划联合资助项目(0660-X01114

湖北鸭儿湖表层沉积物与鱼体中Hg质量比的相关性研究

采用固 /液 Hg自动分析仪 ,对采自湖北鸭儿湖氧化塘的鲢鱼、鳙鱼及表层沉积物 (0～ 2 0 cm)中 Hg质量比进行了检测。 1998年采集的畸形鲢鱼鱼肉中 Hg的平均质量比为 (1.72 3± 0 .92 6) mg/ kg(n =5 ) ,分别是美国 FDA人体健康影响标准 (1.0 mg/ kg)和我国食品卫生标准 (0 .3 mg/ kg)的 3 .2倍和 10 .6倍 ,超标率均达 10 0 % ;2 0 0 2年采集的畸形鲢鱼、畸形鳙鱼鱼肉中 Hg的平均质量比分别为(0 .5 72±

湖北鸭儿湖表层沉积物与鱼体中Hg质量比的相关性研究

采用固／液Hg自动分析仪，对采自湖北鸭儿湖氧化塘的鲢鱼、鳙鱼及表层沉积物(0～20cm)中Hg质量比进行了检测。1998年采集的畸形鲢鱼鱼肉中Hg的平均质量比为(1．723±0．926)mg／kg(n=5)，分别是美国FDA人体健康影响标准(1．0mg／kg)和我国食品卫生标准(0．3mg／kg)的3．2倍和10．6倍，超标率均达100％；2002年采集的畸形鲢鱼、畸形鳙鱼鱼肉中Hg的平均质量比分别为(0．572±0．118)mg／kg(n=10)和(0．739±0．118)mg／kg(n=10)，是我国Hg食品卫生标准的1．9倍和2．5倍，超标率达100％。沉积物中Hg的平均质量比为5．08mg／kg。两年采集的鸭儿湖氧化塘鱼肉、表层沉积物中总Hg质量比的分析和比较表明，表层沉积物中Hg质量比与鱼体内Hg质量比呈明显的正相关性(R=0．959)。研究结果表明，污水养鱼中Hg通过食物链所导致的食品安全问题应引起人们高度关注

RELEASE OF MERCURY FROM LAOGANG LANDFILL, SHANGHAI

利用AMA 254-Automatic solid/liquid Hg Analyzer对上海老港垃圾填埋场不同年份封场单元上覆土壤中的汞进行了系统研究,发现垃圾填埋场的汞主要以气态形式进行扩散释放。上覆土壤中的汞含量与土壤自身的特性有关,上覆土壤中总有机碳、土壤总汞、易挥发汞和结合态汞之间具有明显的相关性,影响并控制着汞的释放,同时垃圾封场时间对垃圾填埋场中汞的释放有明显影响。不同成熟度垃圾的上覆土壤中汞都具有次表面样品总汞含量高于表面样品的特点,但变化趋势不同。Mercury in topsoil samples from the Laogang Landfill was determined with an AMA 254-Automatic Solid/Liquid Hg Analyzer. Mercury is released in the form of gaseous mercury. There are strongly positive correlations among organic carbon, total mercury, gaseous mercury and combined mercury in the topsoil. Mercury contents of the topsoil are affected by its properties and the maturity of garbage. Although all sub-surface samples contain higher mercury than surface samples, the contents of Hg in profile soil overlying garbages of different maturities show different trends of variation.国家自然科学基金 ( 20077016 );; 中国博士后基金(2002032148

ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION IN ESTUARY OF THE YANGTZE RIVER AND COASTAL WATER -MERCURY AS AN EXAMPLE

总结了上海地区汞污染的现状:以黄浦江为主的水体汞平均含量明显偏高;江水和沉积物中总汞的沿江分布特征与两岸工农业布局相一致,从上游到下游具有低一高一低的波状起伏特征,下游江段汞含量较上游高。沉积物中含汞高的地点都在高水汞点的下游,与河流沉积的动力学规律一致,黄浦江输入长江的汞逐年增加。土壤具有较高的汞背景值。各种垃圾处置场对环境汞污染的具体影响还不清楚。上海工业百年来的发展已经使污染物在环境中的背景值升高,这些污染物低浓度、分布广,控制治理难度大,对人体的危害具有低剂量、长暴露特点。改革开放以来,上海市区正逐步变为一个以第三产业为主的服务中心区,而周边地区正在成为一个全球性生产基地。上海经济的新格局将改变上海及邻近海域环境污染状况。在分析上海经济发展对环境影响的基础上,指出了对长江口和邻近海域环境污染影响进行综合研究的重要性。This paper summarizes the situation of mercury pollution in Shanghai, China. The average content of mercury in Huangpu River is apparently high. The distribution of mercury in water and sediments is consistent with that of industry and agriculture, characteristic of wave change. Mercury content is highest in middle reach, and lowest in upper reach, and middle in lower reach. Corresponding to mercury distribution in the river, mercury distribution in sediments is accordance with deposition dynamics of sediments. Positions with high mercury in sediments are located relatively in downstream of positions with high mercury in water. The amount of mercury exported to the Yangtze River from the Huangpu River is increasing year after year. The baseline of mercury is also high in soils. High baselines of environmental pollutions are related with the long history of industries in this area. They are harmful to human health with properties of low dose and long time exposure. It is now hard to control and manage. With the economy development, centers of banking, business, and trade are emerging in central district of Shanghai and a worldwide production base is forming around Shanghai. The new distribution of economy will change the environmental situation of the Mouth of the Yangtze River and near East Sea. Based on the analysis of e-conomy effect on environmental record, this paper emphasizes the necessity to study the environmental pollution in the Mouth of the Yangtze River and coastal water.国家自然科学基金(20077016) 中国博士后基金(2002032148) 厦门大学行动计划(x01114)联合资助项

Pollution and Assessment of Heavy Metals in Huangpu River Sediments

采用地积累指数法和潜在生态危害指数法对黄浦江沉积物中的重金属进行了评价研究,解释了两种评价方法结果存在差异的原因。两种评价方法的结果均表明,黄浦江砷污染严重,镉中等程度污染,且各个江段均受到了一定程度的污染。Based on the principle of sedimentology and environmental behavior of heavy metals, the index of geoaccumulation and potential ecological risk index were used to evaluate heavy metals pollution in sediments of Huangpu River, Shanghai. The difference between these two methods was explained as well. Results showed that each section of the River has been polluted with As and Cd as the major heavy metal pollution.国家自然科学基金委员会(20077016);; 中国博士后基金(2002032148);; 厦门大学行动计划(0660-X01114