Study of the molecular markers of thermal tolerance and artificial breeding selection of paralichthys olivaceus

本文首先回顾了国内外鱼类遗传育种的方法以及取得的成果，概述了杂交、三倍体育种、雌/雄核发育、转基因以及分子标记辅助育种在水产动物育种中的应用，同时对牙鲆的研究状况进行了综述，指出褐牙鲆（Paralichthysolivaceus）这一海洋名贵经济鱼类，在生活习性上为冷水性底栖鱼类，在水温23℃以上摄食减少，在水温达33℃时，成鱼只能短暂存活。厦门水域地处亚热带，牙鲆在高温季节的养殖受到显著影响，进行耐热品种的选育具有重要的现实意义。本文提出分子标记辅助选育方法有助于解决牙鲆在厦门乃至我国南方无法顺利度夏的难题。然后，围绕20对微卫星引物对牙鲆耐温池和非耐温池的筛选结果，对牙鲆亲鱼、子一代的生长...Firstly, the paper is a review of the progress made in research of fish genetics and breeding both domestically and internationally as well as a summary of the application of hybridization, triploid, Gynogenesis /Androgenesis, transgenesis, and marker assisted selection (MAS) in aquaculture breeding; meanwhile, a review of research in flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) is made, which indicates that...学位：理学博士院系专业：海洋与环境学院海洋学系_海洋生物学学号：B19992700

The pathogeny of ulcer disease in Epinephlus awoara

2002年夏季厦门同安湾一带气候炎热,降雨量少,海水盐度偏高,同安湾刘五店的网箱养殖石斑鱼大面积暴发溃疡病。本研究调查了石斑鱼溃疡病暴发的特征和症状,主要表现为肌肉溃疡坏死、眼球脱落、鱼骨暴露等。从病鱼体表及内脏分离出优势菌群命名为TS 628,经回归感染证实TS 628就是引发本次石斑鱼溃疡病的病原菌。对病原菌进行鉴定发现,该菌革兰氏染色呈阴性,电镜下观察菌体呈短杆状,极端单鞭毛,综合研究该菌在形态、生理生化、16SrDNA同源性及药物敏感性等方面的特性,基本确认分离到的病原菌为哈维氏弧菌(Vibrioharveyi),该菌对氯霉素、壮观霉素等多种抗生素敏感,对万古霉素、青霉素G等抗生素不敏感。哈维氏弧菌是水产养殖病害常见病原菌,但作为养殖石斑鱼的病原菌在国内属首次报道。The summer of 2002 was hot and dry in Xiamen, and the seawater salinity was higher than usual, sometimes reaching 38 in Tongan Bay. From the end of May, ulcer disease occured on a large scale in Tongan Bay. In the middle of June, a heavy rain brought about high mortality among the cultured groupers, which caused serious loss. The characteristics of ulcer disease were observed. Infected groupers displayed sluggish swimming and refused feeding, several days later, the groupers' eyes swelled and became ulcerated, the tail turned red, the scales became detached and the back muscle gradually ulcerated, then the eyes even dropped out and the muscle became so necrotic that the spine was exposed, finally the diseased fishes died. Anatomized the dead fish and found that the livers and gills were pale and the gallbladder was distended. The time course from appearance of disease signs to death lasted about a week. Dominant bacteria, which were Gram-negative and seen short rod with single polar flagellum under electron microscope, were isolated and designated TS-628. In artifical infection test all fish　of the experimental group died on the third day after injected with bacterial suspension, while all the fish in control group showed no signs till the end of another week observation. The dead grouper had pale livers and gills and small ulcerations on the caudal fin and anal fins. These were the same signs as the natural infected fishes. The re-isolate also had the same characteristics as TS-628, which proved the isolate TS-628 was the pathogenic bacteria that triggered this ulcer disease. Different methods were used to identify the pathogenic bacteria in this study. The identification result through VITEK-AMS system GNI card was that TS-628 was Burkholderia mallei, with 99% reliability. While traditional biochemical identification revealed that TS-628 exhibited relVibrio harveyi through comparison with Bergey's Manual Determinative Bacteriology. In order to confirm absolutely different results above, further researches were carried out to identify TS-628 again. So 471bp sequence of TS-62816S rRNA gene was amplify and compared with all DNA sequences (1192858 in total) in genebank (GenBank+EMBL+DDBJ+PDB), homology analyses showed that 16 sequences were picked out to have the highest similarity, with 98% identity. These 16 sequences all originated fromV. harveyV. carchiariae which also belongs to harveyi because their similarity in physiological and biological characteristics and DNA homology. According to morphological features, physiological and biochemical characteristics and 16S rRNA gene homology comparison of the bacteria, the patV. harveyi. Drug sensitivity test showed that the pathogenic bacteria were highly sensitive to chloramphenicol, actinospectcinV. harveyi is a kind of pathogenic bacterium commonly found iV. harveyi is reported as the pathogenic bacteria of cage-cultured grouper in China. And V. harveyi should be regarded as an opportunistic pathogen which has close relation to temperature and salinity and easily causes vibriosis under conditions of high temperatures and drought. Therefore, it is necessary to guard agV. harveyi vibriosis in such summer days.福建省重大科技项目资助(2002N009

福建省鳖病现状及防病对策

本文介绍1995—1996年对福建省主要养鳖基地进行养殖鳖病害现场调研和样品分析的结果。现场调查结果表明,我省主要养鳖地区病害情况较严重,其中沿海地区养殖中华鳖病害较闽北及闽西养鳖地区严重,1995年成活率分别为75%和60%。沿海养鳖地区最具威胁的病害是病毒性出血病和白底板病,而闽北养鳖地区养殖鳖的主要病害为真菌性白斑病。鳖病使我省养鳖业造成巨大的经济损失,已成为我省养鳖业的重要制约因素。福建省水产厅资助项

对虾口服虾康素后对一些生理指标的影响

本文对对虾口服虾康素后的血细胞密度、血液蛋白质、耐受低溶解氧能力、饲料消化能力和蜕壳频率进行测定分析。结果显示对虾血细胞密度和血液蛋白质含量均比对照组提高,其中部分组别的血细胞密度与对照组形成极显著的差异。口服药物对血液蛋白质的影响早于对血细胞密度的影响。对虾的耐低溶解氧能力在用药组也有所增强,但药物剂量增大时,耐低溶解氧能力又接近对照组。用药组对饲料的摄食强度比对照组高50%以上。而排出的粪便含蛋白质量仍比对照组低。此外,用药各组在试验过程中蜕壳尾数明显多于对照组

养殖对虾一种新杆状病毒的研究

应用超薄切片、负染色和蔗糖梯度超离心技术,在自然发病和人工感染的对虾肝、肠、淋巴样器官、鳃和肌肉组织中,发现并纯化了一种新杆状病毒.该病毒直径96~112nM,是已知对虾病毒中最粗的一种.中央是高电子密度的核心,外裹衣壳和囊膜,两膜之间有宽阔的间隙,这是已报道的任何一种对虾杆状病毒所没有的.纯化的病毒核衣壳表面有螺旋排列的亚单位,这也是本病毒特有的.主要靶细胞是淋巴样细胞,未在肝、肠和鳃上皮细胞中观察到,这与对虾杆状病毒无一例外地侵染某一种上皮细胞迥然不同.病毒仅在靶细胞核内增殖,不形成封入体或包涵体,它是一种迄今未曾报道的新病毒,称之为“淋巴样细胞核型杆状病毒”.国家“八五”科技攻关;福建省水产厅市重大科技资助项

九孔鲍暴发性流行病的病原及病理

1999年 2～ 5月 ,东山县养殖九孔鲍暴发了大规模流行病 ,不少养殖场全场覆没 .病鲍表现为分泌粘液增多、肝脏红肿、足部僵硬和反应迟钝 .应用磷钨酸负染、超薄切片的电镜观察和现场检测等方法 ,对病鲍的病原及肝肠组织的病理情况进行观测 ,结果表明引发这次养殖鲍暴发严重病害的主要病原是致病力很强的病毒和弧菌 .电镜观察到病毒发生在细胞质中的一种称为“封入体”的泡状结构中 ,证实了病原的入侵造成九孔鲍肝及肠等组织、细胞产生病变 ,描述了细菌和病毒混合感染导致九孔鲍细胞的病理变

三唑磷对泥蚶急性毒性及血清SOD,CAT酶活性的影响

三唑磷对泥蚶( Tegillarca granosa) 的48 h LC 50为21. 0 mg/ L ,96 h LC 50为10. 2 mg/ L ,依此 设计三唑磷对泥蚶的胁迫质量浓度(1. 1 ,2. 2 ,4. 4 ,22 mg/ L) ,分别于胁迫后第0. 5 ,1 ,2 ,4 ,8 天 及解除胁迫后第4 天采样, 研究三唑磷胁迫后泥蚶血清超氧化物歧化酶(SOD) 和过氧化氢酶 (CAT) 活性的变化情况。结果表明,随三唑磷胁迫浓度和时间的不同,泥蚶血清蛋白质质量浓 度无显著性差异;在0. 5 ,1 d 时各处理组的SOD 无显著影响,从第2 天起,SOD 活性显著下降, 48 h 的LC 50为3. 62 mg/ L ;CAT的活性在第1 天显著升高,而后逐渐降低。三唑磷胁迫下,SOD , CAT活性呈现一定的剂量效应与时间效应。胁迫解除后,蛋白质、SOD 和CAT均得到不同程度的恢复,表明泥蚶具有一定的生理调节机能

Preliminary study on the mixedspermic insemination of bombyx mori and attacus cynthia ricini

种间混精的研究；具有重要理论和实际意义。本文采用人工授精技术和杂交法进行家蚕品种间混精和混精杂交，蓖麻蚕品种间精授精以及家蚕和蓖麻蚕间混精授精的研究。初步结果表明，家蚕品种间混精授精和混精杂交后出现多种变异，蓖麻蚕为母本的种间混精授精后代出现一些特殊皮斑性状和全龄经过发生变异的蚕。对某些变异蚕进行了血液酯酶同工酶和血液蛋白电泳比较分析，结果显示变异蚕和对照组在血液酯酶同工酶和血液蛋白电泳图谱上具不同表现．用细胞学方法证实人工授精方法能使家蚕精子进行蓖麻蚕卵．文章最后对一些实验结果进行了讨论分析。The stud on the interspecific mixedspermic insemination is of biological significance and can open up a new way for Genetic breeding as well.With the techniqes of artificial insemination and crossing,we carries out (1 ) intraspecific mixedspermic insemination and crossing of bombyx mori, (2)intraspecific mixedspermic insemination of attacuscynthia ricini, (3)interspecific mixedspermic ...学位：理学硕士院系专业：生命科学学院生物学系_细胞生物学学号：MJ10002