69 research outputs found

    Using of Wet Process to Remove of Heavy Metals from Waste Incineration Fly Ash

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    以福建和湖北垃圾焚烧发电厂采集的飞灰为研究对象,比较了单独水洗、水洗结合酸洗等工艺对飞灰重金属的洗脱效果,考察了不同酸洗工艺条件下飞灰重金属浸出毒性的变化。结果表明:在水灰比为10时水洗效果最佳,水洗结合酸洗处理可有效降低飞灰重金属浸出毒性,部分飞灰经湿法脱除后可作为普通废物排放。Taking the fly ash samples obtained from Fujian and Hubei waste incineration plants as the research subjects,the effects of water washing and wash+acid washing for heavy metal extraction from fly ash were compared.The changes of leachimg toxicity of heavy metals from fly ash were investigated under different acid washing conditions.The results showed that the effect of water washing was best when the ratio of water to fly ash was 10 ∶ 1(L/kg).Water+acid washing process can effectively reduce the leachimg toxicity of heavy metals.Part of fly ash can be disposed as ordinary waste after treated by wetextraction process

    Study on the Relationship between Structure of Supramolecular Ion Material and Performance of Humidity Sensing

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    相对湿度是许多领域的关键参数,环境湿度与人们的生活密切相关,因此对湿度进行测量和控制是各个领域中值得关注的问题之一. 在前期的研究中,作者制备了一种新型的超分子离子材料(SIM),它是由基于咪唑的双阳离子(如1,10-双(3-甲基咪唑-1-基)癸烷,C10(mim)2)和电活性二阴离子(如2,2\'-连氮基-双(3-乙基苯并噻唑啉-6-磺酸),ABTS)组成的,发现其对湿度具有敏感且快速的响应. 在此基础上,本文制备了6种不同碳链(C4,C6,C8,C10,C12,C14)的咪唑基化合物,发现其中3种(C10,C12,C14)可与ABTS形成水稳定的SIM. 循环伏安法、计时电流法以及石英晶体微量天平表征了这些超分子离子材料的湿度传感性能,发现基于C12的SIM具有最佳的湿度传感性能. 同时,SEM结果显示随着碳链的增加,离子材料的厚度变薄并且形态变得不规则. 因此,作者认为疏水作用和材料比表面积均会影响湿度传感的灵敏度. 本研究为发展新的湿度响应的离子传感材料奠定了基础.Humidity measurement and control is one of the most notable issues in various areas, such as climate, industry, agriculture, electronics, especially human comfort and health. In our previous study, we have found that a new kind of supramolecular ionic material (SIM), consisting of an imidazolium-based dication (e.g., 1,10-bis(3-methylimidazolium-1-yl) decane, C10(mim)2) and electroactive dianionic (e.g., 2,2\'-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid), ABTS), shows ultrasensitive and ultrafast response towards humidity sensing. Herein we prepared six kinds of imidazolium-based dications with different carbon chain lengths (i.e., C4, C6, C8, C10, C12, C14), and found that three of them (i.e., C10, C12, C14) could form water-stable SIM with ABTS. Cyclic voltammetry, chronoamperometry and quartz crystal microbalance were used to characterize the humidity sensing performance of these supramolecular ionic materials. The results show that the C12-based SIM has the best humidity sensing performance compared with the other two kinds of SIM. Moreover, SEM images show that the thickness of the ionic material became thinner with the increase of the carbon chain length. We, thus, conclude that both the hydrophobic interaction and the specific surface area of SIMs would contribute to the performance of humidity response. This paper would lay the foundation for the development of new ionic compound for humidity sensing.This research was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 21475138).作者联系地址:1. 湘潭大学化学学院,环境友好化学与应用教育部重点实验室,湖南 湘潭 411105;2. 北京分子科学国家实验室,中国科学院化学研究所活体分析化学重点实验室,北京 100190Author's Address: 1. Key Laboratory of Environmental Friendly Chemistry and Applications of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, Hunan 411105, China; 2. Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, Institute of Chemistry, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China通讯作者E-mail:[email protected]

    Transcription of turbot Scophthalmus maximus Mx gene induced by polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid given in different ways

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    以POlyI∶C(又称聚肌胞)为诱导剂,分别通过腹腔注射、浸泡和投喂3种途径诱导大菱鲆SCOPHTHAlMuS MAXIMuS体内抗病毒蛋白MX基因的转录,利用半定量rT-PCr方法检测干扰素下游基因-MX基因的转录水平来确定该诱导剂的诱导效果。结果显示,以上3种途径都能高效诱导MX蛋白MrnA的转录,均在48H之后达到高峰,其中以浸泡的方式更容易诱导MX基因转录,且在120H时仍保持较高水平。MX基因转录的时相变化证明了国产POlyI∶C可以通过多种途径诱导抗病毒蛋白MX的表达,为实际应用中确定用药途径提供了理论依据。另外,实验初步建立了半定量rT-PCr方法,为检测鱼体内干扰素的表达提供了技术方法。Transcription of turbot Mx protein confirmed to be an antivirus factor was induced by PolyI∶C with intraperitoneal injection,immersion and oral administration.Mx mRNA was tested by semi-quantitative RT-PCR to validate the effect of PolyI∶C’s induction.The results illustrated that all the three induction ways could effectively induce the transcription of Mx gene and the peak of Mx mRNA quantity appeared at 48h after PolyI∶C application.The immersion method seemed to be the most effective way to induce Mx mRNA,as Mx mRNA could last more than 120h at a high level.This experiment proved that the homemade PolyI∶C could effectively induce Mx mRNA transcription in different applications,which provided a reference to use PolyI∶C in aquaculture practice.国家863计划(2003AA622070);国家十一五科技支撑计划(2006BAD09A11);行业专项(nyhyzx07-046)共同资

    Fe3O4@P(St-co-OBEG)核壳结构微球负载银/铂纳米粒子复合催化剂的构筑及催化性能

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    本工作采用无皂乳液法合成出具有核壳结构的四氧化三铁@聚(苯乙烯-co-十八醇马来酸聚乙二醇双酯)(Fe3O4@P(St-co-OBEG))磁性聚合物复合微球,并以此为载体制备Ag/Fe3O4@P(St-co-OBEG)和Pt/Fe3O4@P(St-co-OBEG)两种复合催化剂。借助透射电镜和动态光散射表征复合催化剂的形貌和尺寸,并通过紫外可见吸光光度法测试它们的催化性能。实验结果表明两种复合催化剂对硝基苯和4-硝基苯酚的硝基加氢还原反应均具有良好的催化性能。相比Ag/Fe3O4@P(St-co-OBEG),Pt/Fe3O4@P(St-co-OBEG)催化活性更高,这可能与Pt/Fe3O4@P(St-co-OBEG)催化剂中Pt纳米粒子本身的高催化活性和在磁性聚合物载体上较大的比表面积有关,还有可能归因于Pt纳米粒子在Fe3O4@P(St-co-OBEG)上的分布更均匀。国家自然科学基金(51573150;51673161);;福建科技重大研发平台项目(2014H2006)~

    ST段抬高型急性心肌梗死院前溶栓治疗中国专家共识

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    急性心肌梗死仍然严重威胁我国人民健康,在我国广大城乡地区,形势更为严峻[1,2]。及时救治急性心肌梗死患者,降低死亡率和保护心脏功能刻不容缓。鉴于我国的实际情况,院前溶栓治疗在大城市以外的城乡地区具有重要意义。为此,中国医师协会胸痛专业委员会及中国医学救援协会心血管急救分会专门组织有关专家制订了本共识,旨在帮助院前医疗急救人员对急性心肌梗死患者选择最佳

    Study on Evaluation Method for Informative Reviews Depending on Personal Values

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    This paper proposes an evaluation method for informative reviews de-pending on personal values. Reviews of an item are useful for a user who is considering purchasing it. Although several methods have been proposed for supporting efficient review browsing, these are user independent. However, we suppose different users need different reviews based on their personal values. Proposed method first removes copy & paste reviews, from remaining reviews expressions mentioning evaluative attributes are extracted and classified by dictionaries. Informative reviews are shown to users depending on personal values specified by them. Usefulness of the proposed method is evaluated using the results of judgment by test participants.首都大学東京, 2013-03-25, 修士(工学)首都大学東

    基于面向对象机制的TMN的网管系统的结构设计

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    文章探讨了面向对象的机制在系统管理中的运用。通过设置数据点信息采集、资源关联共享、结构化信息模型和总线型模块通信模式等办法,可寻求降低网络开销,支持多样部署,来动态管理系统资源,增强系统稳定性的途径,使系统能向网络管理人员提供更全面的知识,实现更优化的控制

    不同毛豆(Glycine max(L)Merr.)栽培種對鎘吸收能力之研究

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    近年來,農產品鎘濃度對人體健康的威脅,一直受到關注。毛豆是國人重要食用蔬菜之一,本研究的目的在探討毛豆栽培種對鎘的吸收能力。採用台灣21個毛豆栽培種進行田間及水耕栽培種植試驗,田間試驗毛豆種於有輕度鎘汙染的農田,水耕栽培試驗在養液添加1.11 mg-Cd L-1鎘濃度中種植,採收時植體分成根部、莖部、葉部、豆莢、豆子等各部位進行養份及重金屬分析;分別採集根圈土壤也採集分別進行有效性養份與重金屬分析,分別採集植體進行鎘及各種成份分析,結果顯示21個栽培種資料庫中鮮豆鎘濃度與土壤有效性鎘濃度沒有相關性,但是栽培種的鮮豆鎘濃度與BCF(生物濃縮因子)有極顯著相關性GWCd=0.0320 + 0.8397 BCF, R2=0.7504 (p<0.0001),鮮豆鎘濃度栽培種編號C18、C09、C11、C13、C14低於限量標準0.1 mg kg-1,與21個栽培種資料庫中BCF上升排序中最低的五個栽培種編號是相同的。結果也顯示,鮮豆鎘濃度與鮮莢鎘濃度相關性有極極顯著水準(p<0.0001);具有高鎘吸收能力的栽培種前五名為編號C06、C19、C10、C15、C16,與鮮豆最高的鎘濃度栽培種編號C06、C19、C10、C04、C16有一些不同,在豆子、豆莢、葉、莖、根等各部位的乾、鮮重鎘濃度在土壤試驗和水耕栽培試驗結果完全不相關,這樣顯示水耕栽培結果無法應用在土壤栽培系統。在水耕栽培系統中栽培種編號C08、C10、C13、C14、C20沒有豆莢產生。而在土壤栽培中鮮豆鎘濃度最低的栽培種只有編號C09、C11、C18水耕栽培系統中有豆子可以採收,只有在水耕栽培中鮮豆鎘濃度第五低的栽培種C11。在土壤栽培中鮮豆鎘濃度最高的栽培種只有編號C10沒有豆子產出,其他四個栽培種都有,而在最高的鮮豆鎘濃度下栽培種編號C19、C4在水耕栽培下有豆子產出。鮮豆低鎘濃度的栽培種種皮顏色主要為淡黃色、淡綠或褐綠色,高鎘吸收能力的栽培種種皮顏色主要為褐色、黑色等深色系的種皮的毛豆栽培種。微衛星分析進行各栽培種親屬關係分群,結果顯示各分群均有高或低鎘吸收能力的栽培種存在。本研究結果顯示,未來監測高風險農地毛豆栽培種的安全性可以提早在豆莢就進行採樣檢測,以縮短監測時程。此外,低鎘吸收的毛豆栽培種可用於雜交育種,育出之低鎘吸收毛豆品種可用於種植在高風險農地,而高鎘吸收的毛豆栽培種可應用於植生復育。In recent years, the threat of cadmium (Cd) in agricultural products to the health of human has been highly concerned. Vegetable soybean is one among important edible vegetables in Taiwan. The purpose of this study was to investigate the cadmium absorption ability of vegetable soybean. One field and one hydroponic experiment were conducted with 21 cultivars found in Taiwan. The field experiment was conducted in a light Cd polluted soil and the hydroponic experiment was conducted in nutrient solutions containing mg-Cd L-1. During harvest, the plant was separated in root, stem, leaf, pod, and grain parts for plant nutrient and heavy metals analysis, soils around plants were also collected separately for available nutrient and heavy metal analysis. Results, from the soil cultivation, showed that the Cd concentration in fresh grains (GWCd) had no relationship with the available concentration of Cd in soils among the 21 cultivars' data pool, but had highly relationship with BCF (bio-concentration factor) of these cultivars with GWCd=0.0320 + 0.8397 BCF, R2=0.7504 (p<0.0001). The GWCd concentration of cultivars C18,C 9,C11,C13, and C14 were lower than the limit at 0.1 mg kg-1, which were the same ascending BCF order of these cultivars which were the lowest five cultivars in the 21 cultivar pool. Result also indicated the GWCd concentration was highly highly correlated (P<0.0001) with the concentration of fresh pod (PWCd). The highest five BCF cultivars were C06, C19, C10, C15, and C16, which had some different from the highest GWCd cultivars C06, C19, C10, C04, and C16. The relationships of the concentration of Cd in grain, pod, leaf, stem, and root in dry and in fresh of vegetable soybean between soil and hydroponic cultivation were all not correlated. This indicates that the hydroponic cultivation results can not apply to the soil cultivation system. In the hydroponic system, cultivars C08, C10, C13, C14, and C20 had no pod produced. The lowest five cultivars of GWCd in soil cultivation only cultivars C09, C11, and C18 had grain harvested in the hydroponic system, and only the cultivar C11 on the fifth lowest GWCd. The highest five cultivars of GWCd in soil cultivation only cultivar 10 had no grain produced, the other four cultivars, only cultivar C19 and C04 were among the highest five GWCd produced in hydroponic system. The seed coat color of these cultivars with a lower cadmium absorption ability is yellow or green, but that of these cultivars with a higher cadmium uptake ability is brown or black. The dendrogram generated from the 13 microsatellite loci resulted in several clades, suggesting that the same clade included both cultivars with low and high cadmium absorption abilities. This study suggests that the cadmium concentrations of pods may be used to predict those of beans for risk management purpose. The cultivars with a lower cadmium absorption ability can be grown in fields with a high cadmium concentration and used for breeding green soybeans with a lower cadmium uptake ability. Moreover, the cultivars with a higher cadmium absorption ability may be used for phytoremediation.目錄 摘要 i Abstract iii 目錄 v 表次 vii 圖次 ix 附錄次 x 第一章、緒論 1 前言 1 第一節、研究背景與動機 3 第二節、研究目的 5 第三節、研究流程 5 第四節、論文架構 6 第二章、文獻探討 7 第一節、鎘的來源與相關用途相關研究 7 第二節、土壤中的鎘相關研究 8 第三節、鎘的污染相關研究 11 第四節、植物對鎘的吸收累積能力之比較相關研究 14 第五節、土壤性質與鎘的生物有效性相關研究 16 第六節、降低作物對鎘的吸收相關研究 19 第七節、生物濃縮因子解釋名詞 21 第三章、材料與方法 22 第一節、研究材料 22 第二節、研究方法 23 一、田間栽培試驗 23 二、水耕栽培試驗 27 三、樣品處理與分析 28 四、數據計算及分析 29 五、21種毛豆栽培種基因檢測分析 29 第四章、結果與討論 30 第一節、田間栽培試驗結果 30 第二節、水耕栽培試驗結果 48 第三節、田間栽培與水耕栽培毛豆鎘濃度間相關性 59 第四節、21種毛豆基因檢測分析結果 60 第五章、結論 64 第一節、結論 64 第二節、研究應用 65 參考文獻 66 附錄 73 表次 表1、台灣地區近十年毛豆生產種植面積、收穫面積、產量統計表 4 表2、鎘的來源與相關用途相關研究整理表 7 表3、土壤中的鎘相關研究整理表 8 表4、鎘的污染相關研究整理表 11 表5、植物對鎘的吸收累積能力之比較相關研究整理表 14 表6、土壤性質與鎘的生物有效性相關研究整理表 16 表7、降低作物對鎘的吸收相關研究整理表 19 表8、供試21種毛豆栽培種編號、種子性狀表及種子來源表 22 表9、21個不同毛豆品種田間栽培試驗土壤分析平均資料統計表 30 表10、表10、21個不同毛豆栽培種田間栽培試驗平均BCF比較表 31 表11、21個毛豆栽培種與衛生福利部蔬果重金屬限量標準比較表 32 表12、21個毛豆栽培種各部位鮮重平均鎘含量比較表 35 表13、21個毛豆栽培種各部位鮮重平均鎘含量百分比分析比較表 37 表14、乾豆鎘濃度(GD)和土壤及毛豆其它部位鎘濃度的相關性(n=63) 39 表15、乾豆鎘濃度(GD)和土壤及毛豆其它部位鎘濃度的相關性(n=56不含26,28,29,30,32,52) 40 表16、鮮豆鎘濃度(GW)和土壤及毛豆其它部位鎘濃度的相關性(n=63) 41 表17、鮮豆鎘濃度(GW)和土壤及毛豆其它部位鎘濃度的相關性(n=56不含26,28,29,30,32,52) 42 表18、土壤及毛豆其它部位鎘濃度的相關性(n=59不含28,29,30,58) 43 表19、土壤及毛豆其它部位鎘濃度的相關性(n=63) 44 表20、毛豆鎘濃度(GWCd)和土壤性質的相關性(n=63) 45 表21、毛豆鎘濃度(GWCd)和豆子(GD)成分濃度的相關性(n=63) 46 表22、毛豆鎘濃度(GDCd)和豆子(GD)成分濃度的相關性(n=63) 47 表23、16種毛豆栽培種水耕栽培試驗豆子鮮重平均鎘濃度 48 表24、17種毛豆栽培種水耕栽培試驗豆莢鮮重平均鎘濃度 50 表25、21種毛豆栽培種水耕栽培試驗葉片鮮重平均鎘濃度 52 表26、21種毛豆栽培種水耕栽培試驗莖部鮮重平均鎘濃度 54 表27、21種毛豆栽培種水耕栽培試驗根部鮮重平均鎘濃度 56 表28、毛豆不同部位間土耕和水耕鎘濃度相關性 59 表29、水耕毛豆植體各部位間鎘乾重濃度的相關性,GD樣品數16,其餘21 59 圖次 圖1、台灣地區近十年毛豆生產收穫面積、產量統計圖 4 圖2、研究流程圖 6 圖3、試驗田區土壤鎘濃度分布圖 23 圖4、21毛豆栽培種田間試驗定植分配圖 24 圖5、21毛豆栽培種田間試驗定植分配照片(一) 25 圖6、21毛豆栽培種田間試驗定植分配照片(二) 26 圖7、21個不同毛豆栽培種平均BCF值 32 圖8、21個毛豆栽培種各部位鮮重平均鎘含量比較圖 36 圖9、21個毛豆栽培種各部位鮮重平均鎘含量百分比分析比較圖 38 圖10、16個不同毛豆栽培種水耕栽培試驗豆子鮮重平均鎘濃度圖 49 圖11、17個不同毛豆栽培種水耕栽培試驗豆莢鮮重平均鎘濃度圖 51 圖12、21個不同毛豆栽培種水耕栽培試驗葉片鮮重平均鎘濃度圖 53 圖13、21個不同毛豆栽培種水耕栽培試驗莖部鮮重平均鎘濃度圖 55 圖14、21個不同毛豆栽培種水耕栽培試驗根部鮮重鎘平均濃度圖 57 圖15、21種毛豆栽培種基因親屬關係樹狀圖(一) 60 圖16、21種毛豆栽培種基因親屬關係樹狀圖(二) 61 圖17、22種毛豆栽培基因親屬關係分布圖(PCA) 62 圖18、21種毛豆栽培基因調整後親屬關係樹狀圖 63 附錄次 附圖1、供試21種毛豆栽培種種子照片圖 74 附圖2、21毛豆栽培種P、Ca、OM、BCF、鮮豆、鮮莢Cd含量多變量分析 84 附圖3、水耕栽培系統毛豆栽培種鎘毒害症狀照片(一) 85 附圖4、水耕栽培系統毛豆栽培種鎘毒害症狀照片(二) 86 附圖5、水耕栽培系統毛豆栽培種鎘毒害症狀照片(三) 87 附圖6、水耕栽培系統毛豆栽培種鎘毒害症狀照片(四) 88 附表1、21種毛豆栽培基因檢測分析結果統計表 75 附表2、21種毛豆栽培基因親屬關係統計表 76 附表3、蔬果植物類重金屬鎘限量標準 77 附表4、21個不同毛豆品種田間栽培試驗土壤分析資料統計表 78 附表5、21個不同毛豆栽培種田間栽培試驗植體濕乾重分析統計表 80 附表6、21個不同毛豆栽培種水耕栽培試驗植體濕乾重分析統計表 8

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