Direct determination of carcinogenic aromatic amines in surface water by UHPLC-MS /MS

建立了超高效液相色谱-串联质谱(uHPlC-MS/MS)快速直接测定地表水中致癌芳香胺物质的方法.样品采集后,用0.22μM的聚四氟乙烯(PTfE)滤膜过滤,用C18 rrHd色谱柱进行梯度洗脱分离,流动相为甲醇和水,采用电喷雾正离子模式,并采用多反应监测模式(MrM)测定,外标法定量.方法重点优化了色谱分离条件、质谱碎裂电压、碰撞能量,考察了流动相中甲酸铵或甲酸浓度对目标化合物响应的影响.23种组分不同浓度水平的加标回收率在70.3%—119.8%之间,相对标准偏差在2.1%—10.2%(n=7)之间,方法的定量限(lOQ)在0.01—2.0μg·l-1之间.方法具有操作方便、灵敏度较高、快速准确的优点,能为环境水体污染源监测、饮水安全提供技术保障.A rapid method was developed for the quantitative determination of 23 carcinogenic aromatic amines in surface water by ultra high performance liquid chromatography tandem electrospray ionization mass spectrometry( UHPLC-MS / MS).After water sample was collected,it was filtered with a 0.22 μm polytetrafluoroethylene( PTFE) membrane,and then the target compounds were separated on a C18 RRHD column,gradient eluted with methanol and water,and determined by positive electrospray ionization mass spectrometry with multiple reaction monitoring mode( MRM).Quantitative analysis was performed with external standard calibration method in the study.UHPLC separation condition,concentration of ammonium formate and formic acid in mobile phase,fragmentor voltages,and collision energies were optimized.The relative standard deviation( RSD) of the developed method was in the range of 2.1%—10.2%( n = 7).Standard added recoveries in sample matrix ranged from 70.3% to 119.8%.The limit of quantification( LOQ) was from 0.01 to 2.0 μg·L-1.The proposed method is easy to operate,highly sensitive,fast,and accurate.环保公益性行业科研专项(201309007); 远东技术服务有限公司委托项

基于大学生化学实验大赛的无机化学实验教学设计

介绍了福建省第二届大学生化学实验大赛无机化学实验考试的基本情况,分析了存在的问题。并以大赛试题为案例,针对存在的问题,结合翻转课堂模式,详细设计新的教学方案,实现真正意义的教学互动,切实提高实验教学水平。福建省本科高校教育教学改革项目(FBJG20180097);;厦门大学教学改革研究项目(JG20180105,JG20180132

基础化学教学实验室试剂和仪器的科学细化管理

介绍了厦门大学化学国家级实验教学示范中心基础化学实验(一)实验室在试剂和仪器科学细化管理方面的一些具体做法,如试剂的排序存放、计划补充、优化使用及仪器的\"五防\"和\"三位一体\"管理模式。通过对试剂、仪器一系列规范、有序、科学的细化管理,节约了试剂用量,减少了废物排放量,保证了干净整洁的实验环境;培养了学生良好的实验习惯,保证了仪器的正常运行及获得准确的实验数据,并提高了仪器的使用寿命,为实验教学的顺利开展提供了有力的保障。希望能为国内高校化学教学实验室相关方面管理提供可借鉴的经验。2016年度教育部“基础学科拔尖学生培养试验计划”研究课题;;\n2017年福建省本科高校教育教学改革研究项目(FBJG20170295);;\n2017年度厦门大学教学改革研究项目(JG20170204);;\n国家基础科学人才培养基金项目(J1310024

科学做好基础化学实验的细化准备

科学做好基础化学实验的细化准备,为实验教学提供更高效的服务,是实验室建设与管理内涵建设的内容之一。本文介绍了厦门大学化学国家级实验教学示范中心无机及化学分析实验教学准备工作的一些具体做法和经验,以期为高校基础化学实验的准备工作提供适用的参考与借鉴。2016年度教育部“基础学科拔尖学生培养试验计划”研究课题;;2017年福建省本科高校教育教学改革研究项目(FBJG20170295);;2017年度厦门大学教学改革研究项目(JG20170204);;国家基础科学人才培养基金项目(J1310024

Geographic patterns of endemic seed plant genera diversity in China

通讯作者 Author for correspondence. E-mail: [email protected][中文文摘]生物特有现象的地理格局及其形成机制是生物地理学的重要研究内容。本文通过整合173个地区的中国种子植物特有属编目资料、环境和空间因子数据,运用多元回归和方差分解的方法,探索了中国种子植物特有属丰富度及其占全部种子植物属丰富度的比例(特有属比例)与环境(生境异质性和气候)和空间因子的关系。结果表明:(1)特有属丰富度及特有属比例具有很强的空间变异性,在华中地区最高,而靠近国界和大陆边缘的地区较低;相比而言,种子植物属丰富度的空间变异性较弱,且表现出显著的纬度梯度性;(2)特有属丰富度及特有属比例主要由空间因子和生境异质性(地形的复杂性)决定,即在大的空间尺度上,地理位置决定一个地区特有属比例的理论值,生境异质性和气候因子对其进行微调;而种子植物属丰富度的地理格局主要受气候和生境异质性的影响。(3)中国种子植物特有属是主观性非常强的概念,特有属比例所反映的植物区系系统发育信息可能会很低;空间因子所解释的方差中到底有多少是系统发育因素,还需要进一步的研究。本文最后讨论了当前特有属定义和判定的不足之处。虽然理论上认为特有属的判定不应以行政边界为标准,但是目前几乎所有的中国特有属划分方法均以国界为准,这在一定程度上降低了中国种子植物特有属概念的科学内涵和在实践中的作用。因此,我们建议在理论和实践中对中国种子植物特有属概念采取审慎的态度。[英文文摘]Endemism describes the phenomenon that the distribution of individual species/taxa is critically restricted to a specific region.Seed plant genera endemic to China(endemic genera) are those with their main geographic distribution range within the borders of China.The geographic patterns of endemic genera can not only guide conservation planning,but these organisms are also important biological resources.We gathered data of 173 localities on environmental and spatial factors,and regional seed plant genera richness(GRN),endemic genera richness(EGRN) and endemic genera ratio(EGR),which was calculated by dividing EGRN by GRN.Multiple regression and variance partitioning were used to examine how environmental and spatial variables affect GRN,EGRN,and EGR.Our results showed that:(1) EGRN and EGR had stronger spatial variability than GRN,with highest values(richness and ratio) in central China and lower near national borders and continental edges.GRN exhibited an evident latitudinal gradient.(2) EGRN and EGR were mainly determined by habitat heterogeneity and spatial factors.Regional theoretical EGR was constrained by its geographical location,and was further adjusted by habitat heterogeneity(topographical complexity) and climatic factors.Geographical patterns of GRN,on the other hand,were mainly determined by climatic conditions and habitat heterogeneity rather than spatial factors.(3) Seed plant genera endemic to China could be rather difficult to define,and probably reflected inadequate information on phylogenetic evolution of local flora.Further studies are needed to examine the variance explained by spatial factors through a phylogenetic lense.Finally,flaws in the definition and classification of seed plant genera endemic to China were discussed.Theoretically,genera endemic to China should not be defined according to the political borders.But,in practice,nearly all the lists of seed plant genera endemic to China proposed by several authors were based on the relationship between the geographic distribution of specific genus and national borders.Thus,we recommend that,the concept of seed plant genera endemic to China should be used carefully in both theoretical research and biodiversity conservation practices.国家重点基础研究发展计划(973)项目(2009CB421105);国家科技支撑计划项目(2006BAC08B04

地热农副产品干燥装置的设计和中间试验

本文根据干燥过程的理论分析和试验研究结果，提出了热风式干燥器设计参数的选择原则，给出一套有一定参考价值的干燥系统的计算方法，该方法概念清楚，不必计算废气排热损失，简化了计算过程，依此，我们设计制造了一套地热干燥中间试验装置，它利用60－70℃地热水热源，一次可投湿物料200kg，对于像白菜这类初含水率在90％以上的物料，其每小时最大干燥脱水量超过30kg，平均热效率达到53％，试验结果表明，只有当物料的含水率在90％以上，且表面结合水多的情况下，实际过程才会出等速干燥阶段

Determination of Nine Phenols in Textiles by Ultra High Performance Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry

建立了超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法(uHPlC-MS/MS)同时测定纺织品中2,4-二氯苯酚(2,4-dCP)、2,4,6-三氯苯酚(2,4,6-TrICP)、2,3,4,6-四氯苯酚(2,3,4,6-TECP)、五氯苯酚(PCP)、辛基苯酚(OP)、壬基苯酚(nP)、邻苯基苯酚(OPP)、双酚A(bPA)、四溴双酚A(TbbPA)9种酚类化合物的方法.样品在密闭萃取瓶中于60℃用甲醇超声萃取1H后,待测酚类化合物用zOrbAX Xdb-C18色谱柱分离,电喷雾负离子模式(ESI-)电离、多重反应监测(MrM)模式测定,外标法定量.方法优化了超声萃取条件、色谱分离条件及质谱碎裂电压、碰撞能量等质谱测定条件.在优化实验条件下,方法相对标准偏差(rSd)为5.1%(PCP)~9.7%(2,3,4,6-TECP)(n=7),对9种酚类化合物3个浓度水平的加标回收率在82%(2,3,4,6-TECP)~120%(OP)之间,方法定量限(lOQS)在0.03Mg/kg(PCP)~1.5Mg/kg(TbbPA)之间,线性范围为0.05~10Mg/l.该方法具有样品处理步骤简捷、分析速度快、选择性好、灵敏度高等特点,能同时完成纺织品中9种酚类化合物的定性与定量分析.A method was developed for simultaneous quantification of 2,4-dichlorophenol(2,4-DCP),2,4,6-trichlorophenol(2,4,6-TriCP),2,3,4,6-tetrachlorophenol(2,3,4,6-TeCP),pentachlorophenol(PCP),4-tert-octylphenol(OP),nonylphenol(NP),o-phenyl phenol(OPP),bisphenol A(BPA),and tetrabromobisphenol A(TBBPA)in textiles with ultra high performance liquid chromatography-tandem electrospray ionization mass spectrometry(UHPLC-MS/MS).Textile samples were extracted in a closed bottle at 60℃with methanol with ultrasonic extraction for 1h.Target compounds were separated by Zorbax XDB-C18column and gradient eluted with methanol and water containing 0.075% ammonium hydroxide,and then determined with negative electrospray ionization mass spectrometry at multiple reactions monitoring mode(MRM).Quantitative analysis was performed with external standard calibration.Operating parameters,such as ultrasonic extraction condition,UHPLC separation condition,concentration of ammonium hydroxide in mobile phase,fragment voltages,and collision energies,were optimized.Relative standard deviation(RSDs)for developed method were in the range of 5.1%(PCP)and 9.7%(2,3,4,6-TeCP)(n=7).Recoveries in sample matrix ranged from 82%(2,3,4,6-TeCP)to 120%(OP).The limit of quantification(LOQs)was from 0.03mg/kg(PCP)to 1.5mg/kg(TBBPA).The proposed method was simple,rapid,accurate,sensitive and suitable for simultaneous determination of nine phenol compounds in a variety of textiles.福建省泉州市丰泽区科技项目(2012FZ17); 远东技术服务有限公司委托项