The Hischemistral and Ultrustructural Studies of Anther Development in Torenia fournieri

本实验应用细胞化学和透射电镜技术，分别对蓝猪耳（Toreniafournieri）花药发育过程中营养物质积累的特点及超微结构特征进行了观察。主要实验结果如下： 1.花药营养物质的积累 在蓝猪耳花药发育过程中存在着营养物质的旺盛代谢与积累现象。蓝猪耳花药在小孢子母细胞时期，仅在表皮细胞中出现了少量多糖颗粒，在绒毡层细胞中出现少量脂滴。在小孢子母细胞中也只有较少的脂滴，没有淀粉粒多糖。减数分裂后，花药壁细胞中，尤其是绒毡层细胞中的脂滴明显增加，表明此时体内营养物质向花药中运转的量增加。但在小孢子中的脂滴一直很少。到二胞花粉早期，绒毡层细胞退化，其细胞残迹转变成较多的脂滴，成为花粉吸收营养物质的...The ultrustructural featers of Torenia fournieri.was studied using transmission electron microscope technique during microsporogenesis and the development of male gametophyte. The characteristic of distribution of nutriment during the development of anther was also studied using cytochemistry technique. The results as following: 1. The nutriment accumulation in the anther development Anther disp...学位：理学硕士院系专业：生命科学学院生物学系_生物学学号：2162007115189

Cytochemical Study of Lipids and Polysaccharides on the Developing Anthers of Torenia fournieri

对蓝猪耳花药发育中营养物质的分布和转化过程进行组织化学研究,结果表明:在造孢细胞时期,药壁细胞没有营养物质的积累,但在造孢细胞中有少量的脂滴;在小孢子母细胞时期,表皮细胞中出现淀粉粒,而在绒毡层细胞中出现脂滴,小孢子母细胞中也有脂滴的分布;在四分体时期,四分体小孢子中出现淀粉粒,绒毡层细胞脂滴增加;在小孢子早期,药室内壁细胞中出现淀粉粒,绒毡层继续积累脂滴,而小孢子中开始出现脂滴;到小孢子晚期,绒毡层细胞降解,细胞残留物中出现较多脂滴;在二胞花粉早期,花粉中的大液泡消失,花粉开始积累淀粉粒;在即将开花的成熟花粉中则积累了大量的脂滴和少量的淀粉粒。蓝猪耳花药发育中多糖和脂滴两种营养物质的积累和分布具有一定的时、空特点,反映出花药发育中营养物质积累的规律。The distribution of polysaccharides and lipid drops displayed some characters during the anther development of Torenia fournieri.At the sporogenous cell stage,neither starches nor lipids were in anther wall cells.Only a few lipids were in sporogenous cells.Before the meiosis of microspore mother cells,a few polysaccharides appeared in epidemic cells and a few lipid drops in tapetal cells which did not differentiate completely at this time.At the tetrad stage a few polysaccharides appeared in microspores and lipids in tapetal cells increased.After microspores were released from tetrads(early microspore stage),starches appeared in endothecium cells and lipids in tapetal cells still increased.A few lipids appeared in microspores.At late microspore stage,tapetal cells began to degenerate,there were many lipids in degenerating tapetal cells.At early bicellular pollen stage,pollen began to accumulate lipids.With pollen development,many lipids were accumulated in vegetative cell of nearly mature pollen.国家自然科学基金(30970275)资

食用葵花籽尺寸分析与均齐性研究Size and homogeneity of edible sunflower seeds

为探索食用葵花籽清选、分级、选种、定价的理论依据，完善建立葵花籽的离散元法分析模型，对食用葵花籽的主要尺寸及均齐性进行了分析。选择内蒙古自治区主栽的3个品种食用葵花籽（1013、SH361、SH363）为研究对象，使用统计学方法，以籽粒的三轴尺寸(长度、宽度、厚度)、平均径（算术平均径、几何平均径）、百粒重为指标，分析葵花籽三轴尺寸的统计分布特性、均齐性以及平均径与百粒重的关系，并按宽度对葵花籽进行了清选分级试验。结果表明：不同品种葵花籽的三轴尺寸均服从正态分布并存在线性相关，且总体上存在显著性差异；葵花籽的均齐性存在差异且其几何平均径、算术平均径与百粒重的变化趋势一致；1013品种选用圆孔筛10 mm和8 mm规格，SH361和SH363品种选用圆孔筛10 mm和8.5 mm规格时，分级效果满足要求。In order to explore the theoretical basis for cleaning, grading, selection, pricing of sunflower seeds, and improve the discrete component analysis model of sunflower seeds, the main dimensions and homogeneity of edible sunflower seeds were analyzed. The three typical edible sunflower seeds (1013, SH361, SH363) planted in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region were used as research objects, and the statistical distribution characteristics of the three-axis sizes, homogeneity and relationship between average diameter and hundred-grain weight of the sunflower seeds were analyzed with the three-axis size(length, width and thickness), mean size(geometric mean diameter, arithmetic mean diameter) and hundred-grain weight as indexes. The width grading test of sunflower seeds was carried out. The results showed that the three-axis sizes of different varieties of sunflower seeds followed a normal distribution and were linearly correlated with significant differences in general. The homogeneity of sunflower seeds was different, and its geometric mean diameter, arithmetic mean diameter and hundred-grain weight had the same changing trend. When round hole sieves of 10 mm and 8 mm were used for 1013, and round hole sieves of 10 mm and 8.5 mm were used for SH361 and SH363, the grading effect could meet the requirement