Investigation on the iodine status among the population in rural and urban areas of Xiamen in 2013

目的了解碘盐新标准实施后农村和城市人群的碘营养现况,为有效落实科学补碘防控策略提供依据。方法在农村和城市调查点各抽取1个镇的1个村,在每个村采集自来水厂出厂水和末梢水各2份;抽取30户以上居民,采集各户家庭食用盐,用3日称量法测算各户居民人均食盐摄入量;抽取18-45岁成人50名以上,采集尿样。在抽中的镇随机选择8-10岁儿童(男女各半)、孕妇和哺乳期妇女各50名以上,采集尿样。测定盐碘、尿碘和水碘含量。结果农村和城市自来水末梢水水碘含量均值分别为4.5μg/L和6.0μg/L;居民人均每日食用盐摄入量中位数分别为7.0和5.6g;8~10岁儿童尿碘中位数分别为152.0和181.2μg/L;哺乳妇尿碘中位数分别为108.3和107.7μg/L;18-45岁成人尿碘中位数分别为121.1和147.4μg/L;孕妇尿碘中位数分别为116.0和112.2μg/L,尿碘含量低于150μg/L的比例分别达67.9%和64%;除农村人均每日食用盐摄入量高于城市,农村18-45岁成人尿碘水平低于城市外,其他指标农村和城市间差异无显著性。结论厦门市仍是缺碘地区,在现有碘盐标准下,8-10岁儿童、18-45岁成人、哺乳期妇女的碘营养处于适宜水平,但孕妇的碘营养不足,要开展针对孕期人群的碘营养监测和指导,杜绝碘缺乏所造成的危害。Objective To gain knowledge of the iodine status among the population in rural and urban areas after the implement of new standard for edible salt and to provide scientific evidence for the initiative of the iodine supplement strategy. Method 1 village / community was selected randomly from rural and urban area as research site respectively. 2 samples of treated water and tap water were collected respectively in both sites, 30 + houses were enrolled randomly and edible salt samples were collected. 3days weighed record was employed to estimate average salt daily intake. Urine sample was collected from 50 + adults aged from 18 to 45. Identical sample was also collected from 50 + children aged from 8 to 10( same amount of subjects in both genders),pregnant women, and lactating women respectively. Iodine level of water, salt, and urine was determined by laboratory assay.Results The iodine concentration of tap water in rural and urban areas was 4. 5 μg / L and 6. 0 μg / L,respectively. The median of average iodine intake in rural and urban areas was 7. 0 g and 5. 6 g, respectively. The median in urine iodine was 152. 0 μg / L and 181. 2 μg / L,respectively. This measurement in lactating women was 108. 3 μg / L and 107. 7 μg / L,respectively. And it was121. 1 μg / L and 147. 4 μg / L in adults aged 18 to 45, respectively. As for the pregnant women, the iodine level reached 116. 0μg /L and 112. 2 μg /L,respectively. The proportion of subjects has urine iodine level less than 150 μg /L reached 67. 9 % and 64 %, respectively. The average salt intake in rural area was higher than urban significantly, and the urine iodine level in adults aged 18 to 45 from rural area was significantly lower than urban. No significance was found in other comparison. Conclusion Through our investigation,Xiamen is still an iodine deficiency area. Under the implement of new edible salt standard, the iodine status in children aged 8 to 10, adults aged 18 to 45 and lactating women was adequate, however, we found that pregnant women enrolled in our study have iodine deficiency in some degrees. Therefore the iodine surveillance and dietary guidance should be performed among pregnant women to eliminate the harm caused by iodine deficiency

沿海产盐区与非产盐区8～10岁儿童碘营养与智力水平分析

目的了解和比较沿海产盐区和非产盐区8~10岁儿童碘营养状况与智力水平,为采取针对性防治措施提供依据。方法选择产盐区翔安区和非产盐区集美区的小学为调查点,8~10岁儿童为调查对象,调查其家中碘盐食用情况、尿碘含量、甲状腺肿大情况和智商水平。结果产盐区和非产盐区儿童合格碘盐食用率分别为81.5%和98.6%;甲状腺肿大率分别为3.0%和0.7%,尿碘中位数分别为202.8μg/L和238.4μg/L,<50μg/L的比例分别为3.5%和1.0%。产盐区8~10岁儿童智商均明显低于非产盐区儿童;产盐区8岁儿童智商明显高于9岁和10岁儿童;非产盐区8岁儿童智商明显高于9岁和10岁儿童,9岁儿童智商明显高于10岁儿童。结论补碘能提高儿童智商,降低智力损害。要坚持食用碘盐,开展对孕妇、哺乳妇的碘营养监测

沿海产盐区与非产盐区妊娠期妇女碘营养状况及甲状腺功能水平分析

目的了解福建沿海产盐区与非产盐区妊娠期妇女碘营养状况及其甲状腺功能水平,为防治碘缺乏病提供科学依据。方法选择产盐区翔安区和非产盐区集美区为调查点,每个点随机抽取60名以上妊娠期妇女作为调查对象,采集孕妇的家中盐样、尿样及血样,分别测定盐碘、尿碘及血清甲状腺激素。结果产盐区与非产盐区孕妇合格碘盐食用率分别为81.69%和100.00%;产盐区与非产盐区孕妇尿碘的中位数分别为120.55μg/L和153.35μg/L,尿碘孕中期>孕晚期;产盐区与非产盐区孕妇的甲状腺过氧化物酶抗体(thyroid peroxidase antibody,TPOAb),抗甲状腺球蛋白抗体(antithyroid glubulin antibody,TgAb),总三碘甲状腺原氨酸(total-triiodothyronine,TT3),总甲状腺素(total thyroxine,TT4),游离三碘甲状腺原氨酸(free triiodothyronine,FT3),游离甲状腺素(free thyroxine,FT4),促甲状腺激素(thyroid stimulating hormone,TSH),甲状腺球蛋白(tryroglobulin,Tg)中位数均在正常范围,产盐区与非产盐区孕妇的FT3、FT4、TSH之间差异均有统计学意义,产盐区孕妇的FT3、FT4均低于非产盐区,而产盐区孕妇的TSH则高于非产盐区。结论孕妇是易缺碘人群,产盐区孕妇相对非产盐区碘缺乏更为严重。应对孕妇开展常规碘营养和甲状腺功能监测,进一步做好碘营养知识的宣传教育工作,控制碘缺乏病的发生

沿海产盐区与非产盐区18～45岁人群碘营养状况及甲状腺功能水平研究

目的掌握厦门市沿海产盐区与非产盐区居民盐碘、18～45岁人群碘营养和甲状腺功能水平状况,为采取针对性的防治措施提供依据。方法选择沿海产盐区翔安区和非产盐区集美区为调查点,调查居民合格碘盐食用率、18～45岁育龄期妇女和男性尿碘水平、甲状腺激素水平和海带、紫菜的摄入习惯。结果产盐区和非产盐区盐碘中位数均为27.21 mg/kg,合格碘盐食用率分别为95.33%和96.33%;18～45岁男性尿碘中位数分别为206.55μg/L和232.95μg/L,尿碘<100μg/L的比例分别为20.97%和10%;18～45岁育龄期妇女尿碘中位数分别为176.95μg/L和227.70μg/L,尿碘<100μg/L的比例分别为21.67%和25%;产盐区和非产盐区18～45岁男性和育龄期妇女的甲状腺激素TSH、Tg、FT3、FT4、TPOAb、TT3、TT4中位数均在正常值范围内;产盐区18～45岁男性的甲状腺功能亢进阳性率为3.4%、育龄期妇女的甲状腺功能减退和亚临床甲状腺减退症的阳性率均为1.67%,而非产盐区均为0。产盐区和非产盐区18～45岁男性和育龄期妇女中均有一定比例易患甲状腺免疫性疾病的人群。每月食用海带、紫菜的次数≥4次、1～3次和<1次的人尿碘组间比较无统计学差异。结论产盐区和非产盐区18～45岁男性和育龄期妇女碘营养总体处于适宜状态,应坚持食盐加碘措施,对育龄期妇女在婚前体检时开展常规碘营养水平和甲状腺功能检测

The Modulation of Teletext Decoder and the Analysis of the CoeFFicient of Error Code

本文联系XT—5131P/S（T）图文电视接收机解码器的研制实践分析误码的原因和讨论降低误码率的方法。In the light of the practice in developing the decoder of XT 5131 P/S(T)teletext receiver,an analysis is made of the causes of error codes ,and measures to reducethe coeFFicient of error codes are suggested

中国西部山区典型流域综合治理技术与示范

该成果针对我国西部水土流失的现状和特点,对小流域综合治理进行了系统的理论研究。在理论研究方面,将流域景观生态学与生态系统管理引入到流域治理研究中,提出流域生态系统综合诊断方法,开发出流域治理决策支持系统,对流域水沙运移规律和侵蚀产沙模型进行了系统研究,充实了流域综合治理的理论基础,对流域水土流失治理和管理提供了重要的技术支撑。选择三个具有不同地质地貌特征的典型流域,综合流域水土流失和管理存在的实际问题的诊断,将研究的流域综合治理技术用于生产实践,突破了地域对理论技术的限制等难点,拓展了理论的适用空间,对我国西部山区流域生态环境的整治改善提供了直观的、可操作的范例

Study on the iodine nutrition and thyroid function of children in salt and non-salt-producing areas in Xiamen city

目的了解厦门市沿海产盐区和非产盐区儿童碘营养状况与甲状腺功能水平,为科学补碘提供依据。方法选择产盐区翔安区和非产盐区集美区为调查点,随机抽取600名8~10岁儿童进行甲状腺检查,随机抽取部分儿童采集尿样、家中盐样和血样,检测含碘量和血清fT3、fT4、TSH、Tg、TPOAb、TT3和TT4水平。结果产盐区与非产盐区合格碘盐食用率为81.5%和98.6%;儿童甲状腺肿大率为3.0%和0.7%,尿碘中位数为202.8和238.4μg/l;两区儿童的甲状腺功能指标均在正常范围,未发现甲亢、亚甲亢及甲减患者,亚甲减患病率为普通人群水平。结论产盐区与非产盐区8~10岁儿童的碘营养水平是适宜的,应坚持食盐加碘措施,加强儿童的科学补碘工作。Objective To study the iodine nutritional status and thyroid function of children in coastal salt and non-salt-producing areas in Xiamen for scientific strategy of iodine supplement.Methods Salt and non-salt-producing areas(Xiang-an and Ji-Mei) were selected as research areas.Totally 600 children aged 8-10 were randomly selected and thyroid palpation was performed.Urine,blood sample and household salt sample were collected to detect the iodine level and blood thyroid hormone level,including FT3,FT4,TSH,Tg,TPOAb,TT3 and TT4.Results The edible rate of qualified iodinated salt of children in the two areas were 81.5%and 98.6% respectively.The goiter rates were 3.0% and 0.7%.The medians of urinary iodine were 202.8 and 238.4μg/L.Thyroid function indicators were all in normal range in two areas.No hyperthyroidism,sub-hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism cases were found.sub-hypothyroidism rates were similar to general population.Conclusions The iodine nutrition status of aged 8-10 children are classified as appropriate.Salt iodization measures should be promoted and supplementary iodine strategy should be enhanced for children.福建省医学创新课题(No.2009-CXB-68