从预防事故和消除隐患的角度改进实验室安全工作

从预防实验室事故和消除安全隐患的角度,分析归纳出安全意识淡薄、安全知识缺乏、安全条例执行不到位、工作人员心理疲劳等导致实验室事故和安全隐患的深层次原因,以及这些原因之间的相互影响,并从安全教育教学、人事考核、实验室团队建设、信息化建设等方面对实验室安全工作提出相应的改进对策与建议

Distribution Characteristics of Suspended Sediment and Dynamic Analysis in the Xiamen Bay

利用2011年1月厦门湾3个观测站声学多普勒流速剖面仪(AdCP)回波强度数据与现场水样采集反演出了悬沙浓度,并估算了单宽输沙量.经统计分析表明,厦门湾冬季1月份整体悬沙浓度较小,西海域悬沙浓度大于东海域,近水面悬沙浓度小,由表层到底层逐渐递增;而在时序分布上,悬沙浓度变化与潮流密切相关,呈现出往复运移的趋势,并且大潮期间的悬沙浓度大于小潮期间的悬沙浓度.此外,厦门湾内单宽输沙量一般在半潮面时最大,而在湾外,单宽输沙量在接近平潮或停潮时达到最大,冬季净输沙量整体较小.The suspended sediment concentration(SSC) and the sediment transport rate in Xiamen Bay were calculated,based on the backscattered signals observed by the acoustic doppler current profilers(ADCP),which had been calibrated against in situ bottle samples of the suspended sediment in January 2011.The statistical analyses show that the SSC of Xiamen Bay is low in January,and the SSC in Xiamen Western Bay is larger than the SSC in Xiamen Eastern Bay.The retrieval results also show regular vertical variation,that the SSC increases from the surface layer to bottom layer.Moreover,by analysis of time series,the SSC variations in a tidal cycle also have close relation with tidal currents.In addition,the high concentrations of suspended sediment coincide with the stronger tidal currents due to the tidal dispersion and vertical mixing.Furthermore,the net sediment transport is low in winter and sediment transport rate reaches its maximum in a tidal cycle at half-tide level in the inner bay of Xiamen,while the maximum of sediment transport rate is at slack tide in the outer bay.福建省科技厅专项经费项目(2010Y0064); 厦门市海洋与渔业局专项经费项

Numerical simulation of typhoon waves in the waters around Xisha Bay,Fujian during 0908 typhoon Morakot

联合SWAn模型和改进的椭圆型缓坡方程,结合考虑台湾海峡地形效应的改进藤田公式风场模型,建立了台湾海峡及近岸波浪场的数值嵌套模式.边界采用波谱离散驱动,模拟了0908号台风“莫拉克“期间台湾海峡波浪场的演变和崇武西沙湾浅水台风浪传播的物理过程.以实测数据进行单点验证表明,整个模拟过程风速的平均绝对误差为3.38 M/S,波高的平均绝对误差为0.30 M,计算结果较好地反映海峡内波浪对台风的响应过程.“莫拉克“台风登陆台湾岛时,台湾海峡有效波高最大值为5.0 M;台风中心进入台湾海峡后,海峡东北部为巨浪到狂涛,有效波高最大值可达10.5 M.接近福建崇武沿岸时,偏E向台风浪向西沙湾内近岸传播,发生浅化、破碎、反射、绕射等变形现象,有效波高最大不足2 M,最小仅为0.2 M,波向趋于SE向,波峰线则趋于与峡湾岸线平行;崇武闽台贸易码头附近,大部分波浪受到阻挡作用发生反射,少部分发生绕射,使得码头以北水域波浪较小,有效波高仅为0.2~0.6 M,对湾内避风坞起到较好的保护作用.Combining the SWAN model and the modified elliptic type mild-slope equation,the paper proposed the nested wave model of the Taiwan Strait and coastal waters,also included the wind field model based on a modified Fujita formula that considers the terrain effect of the Taiwan Strait.Using the driving of wave spectrum discretization,it could simulate the evolution of the wave field in the Taiwan Strait and the physical propagation processing of typhoon waves in the Chongwu Xisha Bay during the typhoon Morakot(0908).Comparision with measured data showed that the mean absolute deviation of the wind in the whole simulation process was 3.38m/s,and that of the wave was 0.30m,so the simulating results reflected the response of wave in the strait to typhoon well.Morakot landed on Taiwan with the maximum significant wave height of 5.0m in the strait.After the typhoon center moved into the strait,the waves of northeast strait became high or very high,and the maximum significant wave height was 10.5m.Moreover,it occurred that shoaling,wave breaking,reflection,and diffraction when the typhoon center approached Chongwu and the east typhoon wave propagated into Xisha Bay,then the maximum significant wave height was less than 2m and the minimum value was 0.2m.While the wave direction turned into southeast,and the wave crest line approached to be parallel to the fjord coastline gradually.Owing to the blockade by the trade dock,most waves were reflected and a few waves were diffracted into the bay,making the wave around the north dock very small,with a significant wave height of only 0.2 to 0.6m,and it could protect the shelter port in inner bay to a relatively good extent.福建908专项资助项目(FJ908-01-01-ZH); 国家海洋局海洋公益性行业科研专项资助项目(201005012-4); 福建省科技计划重点资助项目(2010Y0064

茶质滤嘴的祛烟瘾减害作用研究

吸烟可以引起一系列严重疾病,吸烟对健康的危害已成为人类面临的重大公共卫生问题.尽管科学研究和医疗工作者实验了各种方法,但是效果仍不理想,控烟已成为一个世界性难题.为了寻找破解这一难题的新对策,研制了一种茶质滤嘴(国际发明专利号:PCT/CN2009/000763)可以对吸烟依赖有明显的祛致瘾作用,并初步探明了其作用机理.第一批临床实验发现,吸烟志愿者使用茶质滤嘴2个月,吸烟量减少52%左右,其中31%减少到0.另一批临床实验发现,吸烟志愿者使用茶质滤嘴3个月,吸烟量在第1,2和3个月分别减少约48%,83%和91%,在最后一个月每天吸烟量由原来平均每天24.5支减少到每天3支左右.动物实验发现,茶质滤嘴中的茶氨酸可以明显抑制尼古丁在小鼠中引起的条件性位置偏爱,与尼古丁乙酰胆碱受体(nAChRs)抑制剂有类似的效果.测定小鼠脑nAChRs发现,茶氨酸处理动物可以抑制尼古丁引起的3种尼古丁乙酰胆碱受体亚基的表达上调,而且多巴胺释放增加受到明显抑制.茶质滤嘴还可以明显降低吸烟产生的有害物质,降低吸烟引起动物的急性毒性和慢性致癌性.本工作发现了抑制烟草和尼古丁成瘾的新物质&mdash;&mdash;茶质滤嘴和茶氨酸,提供了一种可以战胜吸烟危害的新策略.该工作的实施和推广将可以保护当代和后代免受吸烟对健康、社会、环境和经济造成的破坏性影响,对建设和谐的人类文明社会和国民经济的持续发展具有重要意义.</p