闽台第三产业结构比较——闽台产业结构比较研究之三

按照台湾经济日报社编的《经济年鉴》关于第三产业的涵义,系指产业部门分为农林渔牧矿等初级产业,制造业等次级产业之外,商业、运输、通信、服务事业等,都属于第三产业.具体地说,第三产业包括国内商业(批发零售及分类零售)、对外贸易(进出口服务)、餐旅业(餐厅、饭店、旅馆)、百货买卖业、运输服务业(旅游休闲业、报关行、其他运输

台湾宏观经济研究的十个课题

台湾宏观经济研究的十个课题林长华大陆学者在十余年来对台湾宏观经济的研究，随着所掌握的台湾经济资料的逐渐丰富，走过了一个由浅而深的过程，所发表的文章和书籍也由介绍性、资料性为主的阶段进入综合研究和专题研究相结合的阶段。在这里，选择了十个重要研究课题，结..

论战后的日台投资关系

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论台湾产业转型期的中小企业

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亚洲金融危机与台湾经济

东南亚金融危机开始于1997年5月,初始仅及东南亚金融市场,而后港币遭袭,冲击全球股市,东亚韩国及日本亦卷入这场金融危机、从1996年11月19日至1997年12月10日,印尼货币贬值46.77%,马来西亚货币贬值31.39%,菲律宾货币贬值25.42%,泰国货币贬值39.95%,新加坡货币贬值13.Sl%,韩国货币贬值47%,日本货币也贬值14.43%.一年期间货币贬值达两位数甚至近50%,又涉及了那么多的国家和地区,不能不说是一次货币危机,必然成为全世界所瞩目的焦点

Seasonal Variations in PM_(10) and Associated Chemical Species in Jiuxian Mountain in Fujian Province

于2011年3月~2012年1月期间在福建德化县九仙山气象站采集大气了PM_(10)样品,分析了九仙山大气PM_(10)中水溶性离子及二元羧酸,; 对其季节分布与来源进行了探讨。结果表明,九仙山大气PM_(10)、水溶性无机离子和有机二元羧酸的季节分布规律较为接近,都表现为春季的浓度显著高于; 其它季节,但9种二元羧酸对PM_(10)的贡献(0.51% 0.41%)显著低于水溶性离子(18.07 %; 8.73%)。其中,水溶性离子组成以NO_3~-和SO_4~(2-)的浓度为最高,其次为Na~+和NH_4~+;阴离子与阳离子当量浓度、NH_4; ~+与SO_4~(2-)当量浓度,以及NH_4~+与NO_3~-当量浓度之间都存在显著正相关关系。有机二元羧酸的组成以乙二酸的浓度为最高,占测量; 二元羧酸总量的75%左右,且随碳数增加呈逐渐递减趋势;来源特征比值(丙二酸/丁二酸、己二酸/壬二酸)、MODIS火点图及后向轨迹图显示,有机二元; 羧酸主要来自大气二次化学反应过程,生物质燃烧的直接贡献很小。PM_(10) samples were collected at the top of Jiuxian Mountain in Fujian; Province from March 2011 to January 2012 and were analyzed for inorganic; water-soluble ions and dicarboxylic acids to investigate their seasonal; variations and sources. The results showed that PM_(10) and its; associated species exhibited much higher levels in the spring than those; in other seasons but the total contribution of the nine species of; dicarboxylic acids to PM_(10) (0.51% 0.41%) was significantly lower; than that of the water-soluble ions (18.07% 8.73%). The water-soluble; ions were characterized by the highest concentrations of SO_4~(2-) and; NO_3~-,followed by Na~+ and NH_4~+. Significant positive correlations; were observed between cation and anion equivalents,as well as between; NH_4~+ and SO_4~(2-) or NO_3~-equivalents. Individual dicarboxylic acid; showed a monotonically decreasing trend with increasing carbon number in; which oxalic acid accounted for approximately 75% of the total; dicarboxylic acids. Characteristic ratios of malonic acid to succinic; acid and adipic acid to azelaic acid,MODIS fire spots,and backward; trajectories showed that dicarboxylic acids mainly originated from; secondary reactions in the atmosphere and that the direct contributions; of open biomass burning to dicarboxylic acid concentrations were; negligible.国家自然科学基金项目; 国家重点研发计划项目; 福建省自然科学基金计划资助项

Three-dimensional CT angiography for anatomic measurements of the carotid artery bifurcation

背景:解剖测量是临床医学的基础,可为临床影像学诊断与外科手术提供依据与参考。利用三维 CT 血管成像技术进行相关解剖测量具有明显的技术优势与很好的应用前景。目的:应用 64 排螺旋 CT 血管成像对颈动脉分叉部的形态结构进行测量,为相关研究提供解剖基础。方法:查阅 2008 年 6 月至 2010 年 6 月于厦门大学附属中山医院影像科行头颈部 64 排螺旋 CT 血管成像受检者的扫描图像,随机选取颈动脉分叉部无明显病变者 92 例。其中男 45 例,女 47 例;≤40 岁者40 例,> 40 岁者 52 例。利用其断面图像进行三维成像处理,获得满意的三维图像后,对颈动脉分叉部相关结构进行解剖学测量。结果与结论:三维图像可清晰显示颈动脉分叉部结构,实现其结构的单独和多结构、多方向观察及测量。测量结果显示受试者颈动脉分叉角为(43.5±12.3)°,颈总动脉远端内径(6.83±0.65) MM,颈内动脉膨大区近端内径(7.25±1.04) MM,颈内动脉膨大区最大内径(8.15±1.35) MM,颈内动脉膨大区远端内径(5.03± 0.55) MM,颈外动脉内径(4.22±0.60) MM。与≤40 岁组比较,>40 岁组颈动脉分叉角度、颈内动脉膨大区近端内径、颈内动脉膨大区最大内径、颈内动脉膨大区远端内径均明显粗大,颈外动脉内径明显细小(P 0.05)。与男性组比较,女性组颈动脉分叉部各测量指标均显著细小(P 0.05)。三维 CT 可客观、准确测量颈动脉分叉部相关解剖值,具有个体化特征,可为相关应用解剖、疾病诊断及介入或手术治疗提供客观依据。BACKGROUND: Anatomic measurement is the basis of clinical medicines.It can provide basis and reference for clinical diagnosis and surgical operation.The anatomical measurement with 64-spiral CT angiography has the obvious technical superiority and good application prospect.OBJECTIVE: To measure the anatomical structure of the carotid artery bifurcation with 64-spiral CT angiography, and to provide anatomic basis for relevant researches.METHODS: A total of 92 subjects, who underwent 64-spiral CT angiography in head and neck without any pathology of carotid artery bifurcation from June 2008 to June 2010, were selected from Department of Radiology, Zhongshan Hospital Xiamen University.There were 40 male cases (≤40 years old) and 52 female cases (> 40 years old).The cross-sectional images were processed with three-dimensional imaging to obtain the three-dimensional image and to measure the anatomical structure of the carotid artery bifurcation.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The three-dimensional images could clearly display the structure of carotid artery bifurcation and could achieve the mono- or multi-structure and multi-directional observation of structure.The measurement results showed the carotid artery bifurcation angle was (43.5±12.3)°, the distal inner diameter of the common carotid artery was (6.83±0.65) mm, the proximal inner diameter of the internal carotid artery enlargement area was (7.25±1.04) mm, the width of the internal carotid artery enlargement area was (8.15±1.35) mm, the distal inner diameter of the internal carotid artery enlargement area was (5.03±0.55) mm, and the inner diameter of the external carotid artery was (4.22±0.60) mm.Compared with the ≤ 40 years old group, the carotid artery bifurcation angle, proximal inner diameter of the internal carotid artery enlargement area, width of the internal carotid artery enlargement area and the distal inner diameter of the internal carotid artery enlargement area in the > 40 years old group were increased significantly, while the inner diameter of the external carotid artery was small (P 0.05).Compared with the male group, the measurement indexes of carotid artery bifurcation in the female group were significantly smaller (P 0.05).Three-dimensional CT image can objectively and accurately measure the anatomical values of carotid artery bifurcation.It has individual characteristics that can provide the objective basis for applied anatomy, disease diagnosis and surgery treatment.国家自然科学基金面上项目(81071214)~

Finite Element Modeling of Carotid Siphon Based on CT Data

目的基于CT血管造影(CT AngIOgrAPHy,CTA)扫描数据,构建颈内动脉虹吸段三维有限元模型。方法利用gE lIgHTSPEEd64排螺旋CT扫描获得颈内动虹吸段CTA数据,将dICOM格式原始数据直接读入MIMICS软件系统,采用阈值分割与手动分割相结合的处理方法,选择感兴趣部位,计算得到初步三维几何模型。调用fEA模块的rEMESH功能,获取血管面网格,文件以流体网格格式保存并输出,再导入gAMbIT软件进行流体网格划分及网格质量检查,获取三维有限元模型。结果构建了颈内动脉虹吸段有限元模型,模型具有良好的解剖形态,与实体相一致。其流体网格文件可直接导入流体力学有限元软件进行相关研究。结论基于CTA扫描数据进行颈内动脉有限元建模具有精确、快速及效率高的特点,为血管流体力学研究提供基础。Objective To achieve finite element modeling of carotid siphon based on CT data.Methods By GE Lightspeed 64 MSCT scan with 0.625 mm in thickness, we got the CT data of carotid siphon, which was loaded to the software of "Mimics" with the dicom-format images.With the combination of threshold setting and manual editing, the three-dimensional geometry model was calculated.With the Remesh function of FEA module, the vascular surface grid was gained and saved as fluid grid format, which was directly loaded to Gambit software to divide fluid mesh and check its quality.Finally the finite element modeling of carotid siphon was finished.Results Finite element modeling of carotid siphon was successfully set up.It had the same good anatomical shape as a real object.The fluid grid data could be directly loaded to hydromechanics finite element software for further research.Conclusion Finite element modeling of carotid siphon based on CT data has the characteristics of accuracy and high efficiency, which provides basic medium for hemodynamic research.国家自然科学基金面上项目(项目编号:81071214

Food source and feeding habit of Helice tientsinensis from the common reed vegetation in high marsh of Yellow River Delta,China

Investigating the composition of food sources with stable isotope method can provide direct evidence for the top-down control in the coastal wetland.In this study,we examined food source and feeding habit of Helice tientsinensis of common reed (Phragmites australis) vegetation in high marsh of Yellow River Delta.The results showed that the density of crab was (5.5 1.5) ind&middot;m~(-2),with the behavior of climbing P.australis to feed on the leaves at night.Under the same indoor experimental condition,H.tientsinensis showed feeding preference on fresh leaves of P.australis.The stable isotope food source analysis showed that the leaves of P.australis were one of the important food sources of H.tientsinensis in the field.There were temporal variations in the proportion of fresh leaves [May:(6.44.9) %,July:(5.84.9) %,September:(12.58.8) %] and dead leaves [May:(12.47.8) %,July:(15.59.9) %,September:(15.19.4) %].Therefore,H.tientsinensis could inhibit P.australis&#39;s growth and affect litter decomposition through feeding disturbance behavior.</p

厦门海域水体无机氮和活性磷酸盐含量的变化趋势

根据2003～2008年每年丰水期、枯水期和平水期于厦门海域开展的海洋环境调查的资料,研究了该海域水体无机氮和活性磷酸盐含量区域分布和时间变化趋势.结果表明,调查期间该海域水体无机氮和活性磷酸盐平均含量都较高,分别为0.50、0.031 mg/dm3.其营养盐含量的区域分布相差较大,其中九龙江口水体无机氮含量最高,年均含量为0.52～1.37 mg/dm3;厦门西港水体活性磷酸盐含量最高,年均含量为0.039～0.061 mg/dm3;而大嶝海域水体无机氮和活性磷酸盐含量最低,年均含量分别为0.06～0.22、0.007～0.016 mg/dm3.调查期间全海域水体无机氮含量呈逐年增加趋势,活性磷酸盐含量在2003～2005年间呈上升趋势,而2005～2008年则有小幅度的下降.厦门海域水体N/P原子比较高,调查期间全海域年均值为27.4～47.5,且呈逐年增加趋势.无机氮含量的明显增加趋势及越来越严重的N/P比失衡,势必对该海域海洋生态系统尤其是浮游植物群落演替产生不良影响.此外,研究还发现厦门海域水体无机氮含量与盐度呈高度负相关(r=-0.96,n=30).这有力地证明了九龙江径流输入是厦门海域无机氮的最主要来源