Photosynthetic capacity of three common species of macroalgae and the application in coral aquarium

利用水下饱和脉冲调制叶绿素荧光仪(dIVIng-PAM)测定了珊瑚养殖水处理中3种常见大型海藻石莼(ulVA lACTuCA)、条浒苔(EnTErOMOrPHA ClATHrATA)和羽状蕨藻(CAulErPA MEXICAnA)光能转化效率(fV/fM),快速光曲线(rlC)相关参数和非光化学淬灭(nPQ)。结果表明:石莼和条浒苔的fV/fM分别为0.808±0.004和0.816±0.009,显著高于羽状蕨藻。最大相对电子传递速率rETrMAX(17.52±2.92和19.59±4.43μMOl E·M-2·S-1)、半饱和光强Ik(53.41±8.18和59.71±13.52μMOl PHOTOnS·M-2·S-1)也明显高于羽状蕨藻(rETrMAX和Ik分别为13.72±5.41μMOl E·M-2·S-1和32.67±14.06μMOl PHOTOnS·M-2·S-1),表明石莼和条浒苔有着比羽状蕨藻更高的光合能力和对强光的耐受能力,光保护能力更强;羽状蕨藻较高的rlC初始斜率α表明其在弱光下拥有更强的光捕获能力,弱光下光合效率更高;随光照的增强(0~373μMOl PHOTOnS·M-2·S-1),羽状蕨藻nPQ的增幅有限(0~0.2),最大值仅为条浒苔和石莼的38.1%和62.5%,表明这种藻类更容易受到强光的抑制。因此,在珊瑚养殖的水处理中,可以根据不同的光照选择适宜的藻种或藻种组合并根据光梯度进行布局,反之也可以根据藻种来选择合适的光源,以达到最佳的处理效率。This study investigated the difference of photosynthetic capacity in three macroalgae species( Ulva lactuca,Enteromorpha clathrata,and Caulerpa mexicana) commonly used for nutrient removal in coral aquariums.The photochemical efficiency( Fv/Fm),parameters relevant to rapid light curve( RLC) and non-photochemical quenching( NPQ) in the macroalgae were measured by underwater saturation pulse modulated chlorophyll fluorometer( Diving-PAM).The results showed that Fv/Fmwas 0.808 ± 0.004 for U.lactuca and 0.816 ± 0.009 for E.clathrata,which were higher than that for C.mexicana.Higher maximum relative electron transfer rates( rETRmax)( 17.52 ±2.92 and 19.59 ±4.43 μmol e·m- 2·s- 1) and half-starved value of light intensities( Ik)( 53.41 ±8.18 and 59.71 ±13.52 μmol photons·m- 2·s- 1) were observed in U.lactuca and E.clathrata than that in C.mexicana( 13.72 ± 5.41 μmol e·m- 2·s- 1for rETRmaxand 32.67 ± 14.06 μmol photons·m- 2·s- 1for Ik),indicating that U.lactuca and E.clathrata have stronger photosynthetic capacities,photo-protection capacities and tolerance to higher intense light than C.mexicana.A significantly lower RLC initial slope α in C.mexicana implied that this algal species has a higher photosynthetic capacity under weak light condition.With increasing the light intensity( 0- 373 μmol photons·m- 2·s- 1),however,C.mexicana had a limited increase of NPQ( 0- 0.2),the maximum of which was equivalent to 38.1% of that in U.lactuca and 62.5% of that in E.clathrata.These results indicate that the photosynthesis of E.clathrata may be more easily limited by intense light.Our study suggests that the selection of algal species for nutrient removal in a coral aquarium should be adapted to the light intensity.Single species or the combination of different species of macroalgae can be selected according to the illumination of the coral aquarium in order to maximize the efficiency of nutrient removal.国家海洋局第三海洋研究所基本科研业务项目(海三科2011033); 厦门海洋研究开发院共建项目; 海洋公益性行业科研项目(201105012)资

近江牡蛎核糖体DNA片段基因序列及其分子分类研究

本文应用分子系统发育学的方法,以“白蚝”和“赤蚝”的18SrDNA、ITS1和ITS2片段序列信息为分子标记,对它们的分类地位进行了探讨.综合上述3种分子标记的分析结果,初步认为“白蚝”应属于近江牡蛎,而“赤蚝”可能不属于近江牡蛎

白令海表层沉积硅藻的种类组成与分布

利用2010年中国第四次北极科学考察在白令海获取的7个站位的沉积物样品,分析了表层1 cm的沉积硅藻,共检出分属于38个属的101个硅藻种(含变种和变型),并编制了种类名录。这些种类可分为4个生态类群:(1)广温种;(2)北方温带种;(3)极地种;(4)海冰种。白令海西南海盆区以北方温带种占优势,主要有Neodenticula seminae,Thalassiosira trifulta,Rhizosolenia hebetata f.hiemalis、Actinocyclus curvatulus;而在东北陆架区以极地种为主,主要包括Fragilariopsis oceanica,Thalassiosira antarctica spora,Thalassiosira nordenskioeldii、Thalassiosira hyalina。海盆区沉积硅藻丰度最高,平均为3.7×106个/g湿重(不包括角毛藻休眠孢子);东部陆架区丰度最低,仅有0.7×106个/g。本文同时探讨了表层沉积硅藻分布与环境的关系

Phylogenetic analysis of polychaetes based on sequences of 18S rDNA and COⅠsegments

应用分子系统发育学的方法,以多毛类18S rDNA和线粒体细胞色素C氧化酶亚单位Ⅰ(COⅠ)基因序列片段为分子标记,结合形态学特征对它们的分类地位进行了探讨.结果显示,四索沙蚕-梯斑海毛虫分枝的遗传距离为0.044,(四索沙蚕-梯斑海毛虫)-小头虫分枝的遗传距离为0.072,四索沙蚕分枝与岩虫分枝的遗传距离比较大,为0.091.分析结果显示18S系统发育树将仙女虫科定位为矶沙蚕目的内群分类单元,100%的Bootstrap值进一步表明仙女虫科和索沙蚕科的姐妹群关系;分析结果还显示了小头虫目与矶沙蚕目的亲缘关系密切.Combining the morphological characters,five species of polychaetes were assessed for their phylogenetic position in parsimony analyses of 1 800bp from 18S rDNA and 709bp from COⅠ.The results show that the genetic distance between Lumbrineris tetraura and Chloeia parva is 0.044,Lumbrineris tetraura-Chloeia parva and Capitella capitata is 0.057,Lumbrineris tetraura and Marphysa sanguinea is 0.091,which means Amphinomidae is a ingroup taxon of Eunicida.Furthermore,the results indicate a sistergroup relationship between Amphinomidae and Lumbrineriiae,and a close relationship between Capitellida and Eunicida.中国大洋协会“十五”基金资助项目(DY105-02-09

Seasonal shifts in food sources influence feeding habits of three macrozoobenthos species in the Yundang Lagoon:the evidence from stable isotope

测定了不同时期筼筜湖3种大型底栖动物(沙筛贝MyTIlOPSIS SAllEI、日本大螯蜚grAndIdIErEllA JAPOnICA和腺带刺沙蚕nEAnTHES JAPOnICA)及其潜在食源的稳定同位素组成(δ13C和δ15 n),研究环境饵料丰度的季节变化对筼筜湖3种大型底栖动物食性的影响。结果显示,筼筜湖悬浮颗粒有机物(PArTICulATE OrgAnIC MATTEr∶POM)的δ13C和δ15 n存在明显的季节变化。3月,受到输入筼筜湖的西海域海水大量陆源有机碎屑以及湖区周围的生活污水以及餐饮业输入的影响,筼筜湖POM的δ13 C和δ15 n明显贫化;而在9月,POM中δ13 C和δ15 n明显富集的内源性浮游植物的贡献增加。沙筛贝是典型的底栖滤食者,主要以POM为食,但它比POM富集的δ13 C值(3月和9月二者之间的Δδ13 C分别为2.9‰和1.6‰)表明它还摄入其他δ13 C相对富集的食物来源:石莼来源的有机碎屑可能是3月份沙筛贝δ13C富集的原因,而9月份则是由于再悬浮的底栖微藻对沙筛贝食源的贡献引起的。食碎屑的腺带刺沙蚕和日本大螯蜚在3月以石莼及其表面的附生生物为食,而9月份底栖微藻和浮游植物来源的POM是它们食源的主要贡献者。本研究的结果显示,筼筜湖3种大型底栖动物的δ15 n都出现明显的季节变化(Δδ15 n介于2.2‰~4.3‰),这是由于它们食源稳定同位素的季节性波动及其食性的季节变化引起的,而消费者食性的季节性变化则受到不同时期环境食物可利用性的影响。Carbon and nitrogen stable isotope(δ13C and δ15 N,respectively)analysis were made on three species of lagoon macrozoobenthos(suspension feeder Mytilopsis sallei,and deposit feeders Grandidierellajaponica and Neanthes japonica)and their food sources in March and September in order to examine the influence of seasonal shifts in food sources to their feeding habits.The results showed that there is a significant difference in δ13C and δ15N of POM observed.Due to the large input of terrestrial debris and the sewage water discharged by the catering industry around the lagoon,lagoon POM in March was characterized by depleted-δ13C andδ15 N.However,the contribution of phytoplankton increased in September as temperature increased.M.sallei was a typical benthic filterfeeder as suggested by the δ13C values closest to POM.However,it displayed a little more enriched in δ13 C than POM,indicating that it may assimilate other δ13C-enriched organic matters,perhaps the debris fromUlva lactucain March and benthic microalgae in September.Deposit feeder G.japonicaand N.japonica mainly fed on U.lactucaand its associated epiphytes in March while obtained the carbon sources from benthic microalgae and phytoplankton in September.Our results indicated the significantly seasonal variations in δ15 N for three macrozoobenthos species with the Δδ15 N between 2.2‰ and 4.3‰,which may be caused by seasonal shifts of the stable isotope of food sources and their feeding habits.The differences of feeding habits for these macrozoobenthos were strongly affected by food availabilities in the lagoon.福建省自然科学基金(2014J01127); 国家海洋公益性行业科研经费资助项目(201105012;201205009-3

Nitrogen conversion in marine aquarium during different bio-film maturing procedure

为了构建生态平衡的海水水族缸闭合循环系统,笔者设置了4种海水水族缸挂膜实验缸,缸内分别加入虾肉(腐尸法)、虾肉和硝化细菌(综合法)、硝化细菌(生物制剂法)、自然海水(对照空白缸),定期测定缸内三态氮的含量,通过三态氮含量的变化来判断缸内生物膜的成熟程度.腐尸法和综合法在15d后就能达到氨氮含量稳定,但硝酸盐含量较高;硝化细菌法氨氮含量达到稳定需要28d,而空白对照缸氨氮达到稳定需要35d.在生物膜挂膜后,加入观赏鱼进行实验,发现硝化细菌法和自然海水法所构建的水族缸氨氮含量变化较小,而腐尸法处理的水族缸易引起藻类大量出现.The change in nitrogen in marine aquarium was studied during the maturing procedure for biofilter with rotten meat method,nitrate bacteria method,the combined of formal two and the blank method,respectively.It took 15 days to stabilize the nitrate by the rotten meat method and the nitrate-N was keeping high;and it took 28 days to stabilization the nitrate by nitrate bacteria.It was almost the same with the combinations with the rotten meat method.It took 35 days for the blank method.With fish after the mature of marine aquarium,we found that the system with nitrate bacteria and blank was performing better and the nitrogen conversion changed little.However,algae were much apt to appear in the system with rotten meat method.厦门海洋研究开发院资助项目(K05301

The source of particulate organic matter and sedimentation organic matter during macroalgal bloom in Yundang Lagoon

以原子碳氮比CAT/nAT、TOC/CHl A、δ13C和δ15 n等为指标,分析了筼筜湖绿潮爆发期间悬浮颗粒有机物(POM)和沉积有机物(SOM)的来源。结果显示,筼筜湖的POM主要以外源输入为主。在靠近海水入口的引水渠,POM主要来自厦门西海域的陆源有机碎屑;位于筼筜湖上游的干渠,生活污水及餐饮业废水的有机质是其POM的主要贡献者;内、外湖POM的CAT/nAT(6.94~7.08)与浮游植物接近,但它们并不以浮游植物为主,而主要来自引水渠和干渠有机质的输入。以内湖为例,它们对内湖POM的联合贡献高达54%~97%。筼筜湖SOM的潜在来源多样,但不同湖区差异显著:在大型海藻覆盖区,主要以大型海藻和POM为主,而在无海藻覆盖的区域,则主要来自POM的自然沉降或与底栖微藻的联合贡献。结果表明,在来源复杂的潟湖系统,有机物的化学组成并不能很好的指示有机物的来源和成因,它在有机质的示踪方面并不如稳定同位素来得有效可靠。不过,基于多种指标的分析结果可能更准确。On the basis of the chemical indexes(Cat /Nat and TOC/Chl a)and stable isotope composition(δ13C and δ15N),suspended particulate organic matter(POM)and sedimentation organic matter(SOM)were analyzed during macroalgal bloom in Yundang Lagoon.The results showed that POM in the lagoon was mainly from the terrestrial origin inputs.In diversion canal close to coastal water,POM was largely composed of terrestrial organic matter from Xiamen Western Sea,while in main canal located in upper reaches of the lagoon,domestic sewage was the largest contributor of POM.Although POM in inner and outer lagoon was close to phytoplankton in atom C∶N ratio(Cat /Nat),phytoplankton was only a small part of POM.The results from ISOSOURCE linear mixing model indicated 54%-97%of combined contribution of the input from diversion and main canal to POM in inner lagoon.SOM had many potential sources in the lagoon,but displayed significant spatial difference.SOM was mainly from seaweed and POM in the areas with seaweed canopy,while mainly from POM deposition or benthic microalgae in those areas without seaweed.Our results showed that,in the lagoons where there are many potential organic sources,the chemical composition of organic matter(OM)could not work well in tracing the source of OM compared with stable isotope tracing.However,the analysis based on a variety of indicators may be more accurate and reliable.海洋公益性行业科研专项经费项目(201205009); 国家自然科学基金(31101902

The feeding selectivity of an herbivorous amphipod Ampithoe valida on three dominant macroalgal species of Yundang Lagoon

在室内开展了强壮藻钩虾对筼筜湖3种优势大型海藻,即石莼(ulVA lACTuCA)、根枝藻(rHIzOClOnIuM SP.)和细基江蓠繁枝变种(grACIlArIA TEnuISTIPITATA VAr.lIuI)的摄食实验研究,并以海藻的干湿比、总有机碳、总有机氮、碳氮比和蛋白质含量为指标,分析了大型海藻的营养价值对强壮藻钩虾的摄食选择性产生的影响。无选择性摄食实验的结果显示,强壮藻钩虾摄食率与3种海藻的干湿比和鲜海藻总有机碳含量呈显著负相关关系,表明该端足类存在着明显的“补偿性摄食“行为。选择性摄食实验的结果显示,强壮藻钩虾对石莼和根枝藻有明显的摄食偏好,其摄食率与鲜海藻的总有机碳和蛋白质含量呈显著的负相关关系,与海藻的总氮含量则无明显的相关关系,表明海藻的营养价值对强壮藻钩虾的摄食选择性并未产生可以预见的影响。Marine algae vary considerably in their nutritional,chemical,and structural composition,thus providing a heterogeneous and variable food resource for marine herbivores.However,Due to seasonal fluctuation in species composition and abundance of marine algae,herbivores usually encounter the environments with little tasty,highly nutritional food.Because herbivores eat foods that are much lower in nutrients than their own tissues,they display a diversity of behavioral and physiological adaptations to cope with the low nutritional value of their foods.Selective feeding on more nutritious plants,increasing consumption of lower quality foods( compensatory feeding) have all been proposed as important behaviors allowing herbivores to obtain adequate nourishment.Amphipods were common benthic species in macroalgal-based communities.They may regulate the macroalgal community structure by their selective feeding behavior.This study investigated the feeding of amphipod Ampithoe valida on three dominant macroalgae( Ulva lactuca,Gracilaria tenuistipitata var.liui and Rhizoclonium sp.) of Yundang Lagoon, and analyzed how the nutritional quality in terms of dry mass / wet mass( DM / FM),total organic carbon( TOC),total nitrogen( TN),C / N ratio and protein level may affect the food selectivity in the amphipod.The results showed that there was negative correlation between the feeding rates and the DM / FM,or TOC / FM of the macroalgae when macroalgae was separately offered to A.valida,indicating compensatory feeding behavior in the amphipod,that is,A.valida can use quantity to compensate quality when nutritional value of macroalgae was low.A.valida preferentially fed on U.lactuca and Rhizoclonium sp.,and their feeding rates negatively correlated to the TOC concentrations or protein levels in the macroalgae.However,no relationship was found between the feeding rates and TN.These results suggest there are no predictable effects of the nutritional quality on the feeding selectivity of amphipods.However,although A.valida have strong preference to green algae,Yundang Lagoon doesn' t structure a macroalgal community dominated by red algae G.tenuistipitata var.liui.海洋公益性行业科研专项经费资助项目(201205009

Phylogenetic analysis of Crassostrea rivularis based sequences of DNA segments

本文应用分子系统发育学的方法,以“白蚝”和“赤蚝”的18S rDNA、ITS1和ITS2片段序列信息为分子标记,对它们的分类地位进行了探讨. 综合上述3种分子标记的分析结果,初步认为“白蚝”应属于近江牡蛎,而“赤蚝”可能不属于近江牡蛎.国家重点基础研究专项经费资助项目( G2000078500) ;中国大洋协会“十五”基金资助项目(DY105202209

Density and biomass of the meiofauna in the eastern sea of Xiamen and Anhai Bay

2007年6月对厦门东海域5个站位和晋江安海湾4个站位进行了小型底栖动物调查,分析了小型底栖动物的类群组成、密度和生物量.结果表明,从这两个海域样品中共鉴定出12个小型底栖动物类群,厦门东海域和安海湾自由生活海洋线虫分别占总数量的84.56%和98.19%.生物量组成和密度组成不同,厦门东海域多毛类(37.80%)、海洋线虫(33.32%)和底栖桡足类(18.64%)共同组成了小型底栖动物的生物量优势类群;安海湾生物量优势类群是由海洋线虫(67.64%)和多毛类(30.46%)组成.厦门东海域小型底栖动物的平均密度为22.67±10.21 Ind/CM2,平均生物量为23.01±10.41μg/CM2;安海湾的平均密度为31.48±45.58 Ind/CM2,平均生物量为18.28±25.69μg/CM2.The meiofauna was investigated in the eastern sea of Xiamen and Anhai Bay in July 2007.The results showed that the meiofauna density in the eastern sea of Xiamen was 22.67±10.21 ind/cm2,the average biomass was 23.01±10.41 μg/cm2.The density in Anhai Bay was 31.48±45.58 ind/cm2 and the average biomass was 18.28±25.69 μg/cm2.A total of 12 groups were recognized in the study and free-living marine nematode was the most dominant group accounting for 84.56% in the eastern sea of Xiamen and 98.19% in Anhai Bay,respectively.Based on the biomass,polychaetes(37.80%),marine nematodes(33.32%) and benthic copepods(18.64%) were the most important groups in the eastern sea of Xiamen while they were marine nematodes(67.64%) and polychaetes(30.46%) in Anhai Bay.福建省908专项资助项目(FJ908-01-01-HS);国家重点基础研究发展规划项目(2005CB422305);国家海洋局第三海洋研究所基本科研业务费专项资金资助项目(海三科2009030