試合形式の異なる空手道競技者における筋力発揮及び有酸素的作業能力の比較

The purpose of this study was to compare the strength performance and aerobic capacity between male non-contact karatedo athletes (N-karate) and male full-contact karatedo athletes (F-karate). There were two groups consisting of seven N-karate (weight : 65 ±3 kg) and seven F-karate (80±6 kg). The control group consisted of eighteen male university students (N-control) weighing 65±3 kg and eighteen male students (F-control) weighing 80±3 kg. All were measured for anthropometric characteristics and all performed physical fitness tests and aerobic capacity test by treadmill running until exhaustion. The body weight, percentage of fat, LBM, and the girth of chest, waist, hip, arm, and thigh on F-karate were significantly larger than those of N-karate. The girth of thigh of N-karate and F-karate were thicker (p<0.05) than those of N-control and F-control, respectively. There were significant differences between F-control and F-karate, and for N-karate and F-karate in the activities of strength performances of grip and back strength, of IRM of the squat, bench press, and dead lift by using barbell. This was not so for N-control and N-karate. However, N-karate showed no difference from F-karate on IRM per kg of body weight with regard to the squat and dead lift. The dead lift in N-karate (2.14±0.13kg/wt) trended to show the higher value than that in F-karate (2.00±0.21kg/wt). For the aerobic capacity, the, endurance times of the control, N-karate, and F-karate were 708±61sec, 899±164sec, and 937±110sec respectively, and there were significant differences between control subjects and karatedo athletes. The VO_2max of N-karate (51.7±3.9ml/kg/min) was the same as the one of F-karate (51.3±3.9 ml/kg/min). These values of karatedo athletes were higher than the one of control (48.0±4.2 ml/kg/min), but not significant statistically. These results suggest that karatedo athletes acquired higher strength performance and aerobic capacity through daily karatedo exercise and that the anthropometric and physical fitness characteristics of full-contact karatedo athletes might be attributed to the amount of weight training

マウスリンパ組織のレプチンレセプター発現細胞の検出

Leptin, the product of the ob gene expressed in adipocytes, is shown to influence energy intake and expenditure, proliferation of CD^ T cells, neovascularization and intracellular triglycerides homeostasis in non-adipocytes. Leptin acts on target cells through receptor (OB-R). There are at least five different types of OB-R in mouse due to alternative splicing from db gene transcripts.OB-Ra〜OB-Rd share identical extracellular and transmembrane domains and JAK binding consensus sequence at cytoplasmic domain. Only OB-Rb has an additional STAT binding motif and is essential for most of leptin' s physiological functions through JAK-STAT pathway. OB-Ra is also reported to transduct weakly leptin's signal through JAK-phospholyration pathway. On this paper we examined which kinds of cell express OB-Ra or OB-Rb in lymphoid and fat tissues of the mouse. Both types of OB-R were detected in thymus, spleen and gastrolienal fat tissue by RTPCR method, then the constitutive cells were separated from dissected tissues and cultured in GIT medium with 10% heat-inactivated FBS. Primary cultured lymphocytes isolated from thymus or spleen expressed both OB-Ra and OB-Rb. On the other hand, in adhesive cells dispersed with enzymatic digestion and primary cultured OB-Rb was not detected, though OB-Ra detectable.Similarly, primary cultured adhesive cells of gastrolienal fat tissue expressed only OB-Ra. It is therefore most parsimonious to conclude that only lymphocytes express OB-Rb and response effectively to leptin in thymus

救援者の災害ストレス(PTSD,CIS)の予防とケアに関する臨床心理学的研究(Ⅱ) : CISとPTSDの関連に視点をあてて

災害の体験によって直接の被災者だけでなく,救援者も大きな影響を受ける。海外での先行研究と同じく,わが国の救援者においても心的外傷性ストレス症状(post‐traumatic stress reaction)の割合が高いことが明らかになっている。救援者は災害現場に出場し,被災者と同じような体験をすることによるストレスを受けることになる。一方,職業的救援者であるがゆえに一般的な被災者とは別のストレス(災害出場を忌避できない。彼らには社会的な期待が大きい)に加え,特有の義務感,責任感や弱音を吐きにくい組織的風土が加わる。まして,箝口令が敷かれているとなおさらである。本研究では,消防職員,海上保安官,警察官,救急救命士が直面するCIS(Critical Incident Stress:惨事ストレス), PTSD(Posttraumatic Stress Disorder:外傷後ストレス障害)の現状について分析し,ストレスの特徴を明らかにすることを目的とした。アンケート調査を実施し,そのうち消防職員356名,海上保安官80名,警察官854名,救急救命士200名の有効回答を得ることができた。CISついては,海上保安官や警察官よりも消防職員や救急救命士に高く認められた。さらに,警察官より消防職員や救急救命士が, PTSDの症状を呈しやすいことが明らかになった。Disaster experiences have great influence on rescuers as well as direct victims. In line with what preceding research has made clear in foreign countries, the occurrence rate of posttraumatic stress reaction in Japanese rescuers is also very high. Rescuers involved in a disaster also suffer from the same stresses as victims in meeting with a disaster, Moreover, they are professional rescuers and take other kind of stresses. For example, they cannot avoid going to a disaster scene. They are subject to social expectation and have some strong professional sense, such as a duty or responsibility to live up to. There is also some atmosphere in an organization that means they cannot complain to or consult with anyone. If they are gagged, the matter must be worse.The purpose of this treatise was to analyze the CIS (Critical Incident Stress) and PTSD (Post- traumatic Stress Disorder) , in fire fighters, coastguard officers, policemen and emergency medical rescuers and to clarify the features of their stresses.We sent out a questionnaire and received replies from 356 fire fighters 80 coastguard officers, 854 policemen and 200 emergency medical rescuers.As for CIS, fire fighters and emergency medical rescuers are more likely to suffer from it than coastguard officers and policemen .As for PTSD, fire fighters and emergency medical rescuers are more likely to suffer from it than policemen

救援者の災害ストレス(PTSD,CIS)の予防とケアに関する臨床心理学的研究(IV) : ストレス緩和要因に視点をあてて

災害の体験によって直接の被災者だけでなく,救援者も大きな影響を受ける。海外での先行研究と同じく,わが国の救援者においても心的外傷性ストレス症状(post-traumatic stress reaction)の割合が高いことが明らかになっている。救援者は災害現場に出場し,被災者と同じような体験をすることによるストレスを受けることになる。一方,職業的救援者であるがゆえに一般的な被災者とは別のストレス(災害出場を忌避できない。彼らには社会的な期待が大きい)に加え,特有の義務感,責任感や弱音を吐きにくい組織的風土が加わる。まして,箝口令が敷かれているとなおさらである。本研究では,ストレス緩和要因について明らかにすることを目的とした。アンケート調査を実施し,そのうち消防職員356名,海上保安官80名,警察官854名,救急救命士200名の有効回答を得ることができた。救援者のメンタルヘルス対策の構築が急務である。CISやPTSDに曝される危険のある救援者には,救援後のストレス反応とその対処に関する啓発(心理教育的アプローチ)が求められる。さらに,職場や家族など,周囲からのあたたかい支持的なかかわりは,一層,重要になるものと思われる。Disaster experiences have great influence on rescuers as well as direct victims. In line with what preceding research has made clear in foreign countries, the occurrence rate of posttraumatic stress reaction in Japanese rescuers is also very high. Rescuers involved in a disaster also suffer from the same stresses as victims in meeting with a disaster. Moreover, they are professional rescuers and take other kind of stresses. For example, they cannot avoid going to a disaster scene. They are subject to social expectation and have some strong professional sense, such as a duty or responsibility to live up to. There is also some atmosphere in an organization that means they cannot complain to or consult with anyone. If they are gagged, the matter must be worse.The purpose of this treatise was to analyze the Stress relief factor in fire fighters, coastguard officers, policemen and emergency medical rescuers and to clarify the features of their stresses.We sent out a questionnaire and received replies from 356 fire fighters 80 coastguard officers,854 policemen and 200 emergency medical rescuers.The most urgent task is to construct an effective method of assessing and dealing with rescuer\u27s mental health. Enlightenment (Psycho-educational approach) about stress reaction and its treatment after rescue is necessary for rescuers who are exposed to the risk of CIS or PTSD. Moreover, warm-hearted support from the family or organization of work continues to be more and more important

救援者の災害ストレス(PTSD,CIS)の予防とケアに関する臨床心理学的研究(I) : 惨事状況とストレスの関連に視点をあてて

災害の体験によって直接の被災者だけでなく,救援者も大きな影響を受ける。海外での先行研究と同じく,わが国の救援者においても心的外傷性ストレス症状(post-traumatic stress reaction)の割合が高いことが明らかになっている。救援者は災害現場に出場し,被災者と同じような体験をすることによるストレスを受けることになる。一方,職業的救援者であるがゆえに一般的な被災者とは別のストレス(災害出場を忌避できない。社会的な期待が大きい。)　に加え,特有の義務感,責任感や弱音を吐きにくい組織的風土が加わる。まして,箝口令が敷かれているとなおさらである。本研究では,消防職員,海上保安官,警察官,救急救命士が直面する惨事状況とストレスの現状について明らかにすることを目的とした。アンケート調査を実施し,そのうち消防職員356名,海上保安官80名,警察官854名,救急救命士200名の有効回答を得ることができた。惨事の状況については,消防職員が最も多く,凄惨な惨事に直面していることが明らかになった。Disaster experiences have great influence on rescuers as well as direct victims. In line with what preceding research has made clear in foreign countries, the occurrence rate of posttraumatic stress reaction in Japanese rescuers is also very high. Rescuers involved in a disaster also suffer from the same stresses as victims in meeting with a disaster. Moreover, they are professional rescuers and take other kind of stresses. For example, they cannot avoid going to a disaster scene. They are subject to social expectation and have some strong professional sense, such as a duty or responsibility to live up to. There is also some atmosphere in an organization that means they cannot complain to or consult with anyone. If they are gagged, the matter must be worse.The purpose of this treatise was to analyze the situation of critical incidents and stress in fire fighters, coastguard officers, policemen and emergency medical rescuers and to clarify the features of their stresses.We sent out a questionnaire and received replies from 356 fire fighters 80 coastguard officers, 854 policemen and 200 emergency medical rescuers.According to the results of the questionnaire, we clarify as follows: As for critical incidents, fire fighters clearly face the most horrible critical incidents

救援者の災害ストレス(PTSD,CIS)の予防とケアに関する臨床心理学的研究(Ⅲ) : PTSDに視点をあてて

災害の体験によって直接の被災者だけでなく,救援者も大きな影響を受ける。海外での先行研究と同じく,わが国の救援者においても心的外傷性ストレス症状(post‐traumatic stress reaction)の割合が高いことが明らかになっている。救援者は災害現場に出場し,被災者と同じような体験をすることによるストレスを受けることになる。一方,職業的救援者であるがゆえに一般的な被災者とは別のストレス(災害出場を忌避できない。彼らには社会的な期待が大きい)に加え,特有の義務感,責任感や弱音を吐きにくい組織的風土が加わる。まして,箝口令が敷かれているとなおさらである。本研究では,消防職員,海上保安官,警察官,救急救命士が直面するPTSD(Posttraumatic Stress Disorder:外傷後ストレス障害)の現状について分析し,ストレスの特徴を明らかにすることを目的とした。アンケート調査を実施し,そのうち消防職員356名,海上保安官80名,警察官854名,救急救命士200名の有効回答を得ることができた。警察官より消防職員や救急救命士が, PTSDの症状を呈しやすいことが明らかになった。惨事を体験し,その１ヶ月後にPTSDにスクリーニングされた者は,平均して3.8%であった。予備群を含めると,海上保安官や警察官に比べ,消防職員や救急救命士,警察官の出現率が高く示された。Disaster experiences have great influence on rescuers as well as direct victims. In line with what preceding research has made clear in foreign countries, the occurrence rate of posttraumatic stress reaction in Japanese rescuers is also very high. Rescuers involved in a disaster also suffer from the same stresses as victims in meeting with a disaster. Moreover, they are professional rescuers and take other kind of stresses. For example, they cannot avoid going to a disaster scene. They are subject to social expectation and have some strong professional sense, such as a duty or responsibility to live up to. There is also some atmosphere in an organization that means they cannot complain to or consult with anyone. If they are gagged, the matter must be worse.The purpose of this treatise was to analyze the PTSD (Post-traumatic Stress Disorder) in fire fighters, coastguard officers, policemen and emergency medical rescuers and to clarify the features of their stresses.We sent out a questionnaire and received replies from 356 fire fighters 80 coastguard Officers, 854 policemen and 200 emergency medical rescuers.As for PTSD, fire fighters and emergency medical rescuers are more likely to suffer from it than policemen. The average rate of those who are sorted out PTSD one month after they experienced a critical incident is 3.8%. Fire fighters and emergency medical rescuers including hidden patients are much more likely to suffer from PTSD than policemen and coastguard officers