ジャーナリストの惨事ストレス

Book Title: Critical Incident Stress among journalistsAuthor: Matsui YutakaPublisher: Gendaijinbun-shaYear: 2011ジャーナリストの惨事ストレス / 報道人ストレス研究会編著 2011年の英文アブストラクトである

役割期待が自己呈示行動における否定的感情に及ぼす影響

This study examines how self-presentations about role expectations exert negative influences on the presenter\u27s emotions. Undergraduates (n＝394) were asked to imagine a situation in which they were expected to play a specific role (either maintaining a conversation or making a self-presentation in class) and to answer questions about the situation\u27s self-presentation and attitudes concerning role expectations (sensitivity towards role expectations and fulfilling roles on a daily basis). The results revealed two main findings. (1) The main factors influencing negative emotions differed according to role expectation. In the conversation-maintaining situation, negative emotions were strongly influenced by sensitivity towards role expectations, while in the report-presentation situation, negative emotions were influenced by the self-presentations related to role expectations. (2) The relations between selfpresentations and negative emotions differed according to both role content and familiarity with the observer. In the conversation-maintaining situation, when the presenter and the observer were familiar, the self-presentations elicited negative influences on emotions, but when they were unfamiliar, the selfpresentations elicited positive influences emotions. In the report-presentation situation, irrespective of the level of familiarity between presenter and observer, self-presentations related to role expectations had a positive impact on emotions

Examination of revised scale of university club activities and the scale structure

In this study, the Scale of Attitudes Toward University Club Activities (Takada 2014) was revised and the reliability and validity of the scale was examined. Participations were university students. Of these students, 360 students participated in a cross-sectional study (Study 1) and 310 participated in a longitudinal study (Study 2). The results of confirmatory factor analysis indicated that the six-factor model comprised of "familiarity," "responsibility," "compromise," "rebellion," "separation," and "opportunism" was reliable. Confirmatory factor analysis using the longitudinal method confirmed the criterion-related validity and the stability of the six-factor structure. Moreover，the reliability，α and ω coefficients and test-retest reliability of the scale were confirmed. Furthermore，the results of principle component analysis suggested that the six aspects have a circumplex structure around the two orthogonal axes of Accept-Reject and Concerned-Unconcerned

Psychological Traits of Apartment House Residents : An analysis of residential environment，helping behaviour and norm senses of helping

多摩・奄美・青山の3地区の集合住宅及び一戸建居住者の意識調査から，援助行動や援助に関わる規範意識と居住環境との関連を検討することが，本研究の目的である。調査対象は，加藤及び本間の「集合住宅居住者の心理特性」と同一で，上記3地区に居住する主婦653名である。結果は4つの仮説に従って分析された。主な結果は以下のとうりである。1. 援助行動には地域差が著しくみられ，奄美地区の主婦は他地区の主婦より，援助をよく行う。しかし，一般的な援助規範には地域差がなく，非関与の規範意識に地域差がみられた。2. 非関与の規範意識は，一般的な援助規範と負の相関を示し，援助行動を行わない者ほど非関与の意識が強い，という関連がみられた。3. 居住する建物が，集合住宅か一戸建かという住居形態，建物の高さ，部屋の数は，援助行動や規範意識とは関連していない。4. 居住する地域の安全性意識は，非関与の規範意識と相関するが，援助行動とは関連しない。The aim of this study is to make clear which factors of residential environment influence helping behaviour and norm of senses helping. Surveys of residents living in Tama New town，Naze and Aoyama were done. The respondents were living in apartment houses and detached houses. Analysis of the responses given by 658 housewives revealed the following information. 1. Residents of Naze (a non-urban area) were more generous and had less non-involvement norms than those of Tama (a suburb of Tokyo) and Aoyama (a town in Tokyo). 2. Norms of non-involvement inhibited helping behaviour. 3. Structure of resident house and respondents\u27 feeling of safety in the community had no influence on helping behaviour. But，respondentes who sensed a high rate crime occurences in the community had more norm senses of non-involvement