Cognitive Function and Activity of Daily Living of the Old Elderly of Zhuang Nationality in Bama County

目的:了解广西巴马县壮族长寿老人认知功能及日常生活自理能力. 方法:采用简易智力状态检查(MMSE)、日常生活能力量表(ADL)入户调查. 结果:85～89、90～94、95～104岁组MMSE总分分别为24.39±2.36;23.5±2.7;22.3±3.1,符合认知下降诊断者分别占3%;9.3%和13.7%.长寿老人随增龄主要表现为短时记忆、注意力和计算力下降明显(P＜0.05).ADL方面,各组自理能力功能丧失率分别为6%;12.5%和31%,其中85～89岁与95～104岁组比较差异显著(P＜0.05),而在ADL所有项目中,仅85～89岁与95～104岁组在处理自已钱财功能丧失有显著差异(P＜0.05). 结论:巴马长寿老人总体认知功能、自理能力较其他老年人群保持好;增龄仍然是长寿老人认知及日常活动能力下降的重要因素;长寿老人ADL和MMSE相关明显

ENERGY FOR MIXED FOREST OF CUNNINGHAMIA LANCEOLATA AND TSOONGIODENDRON ODORUM

对杉木观光木混交林群落能量的研究结果表明 :混交林中观光木地上部分灰分含量以皮最高 ,而杉木则以叶最高 ,两者GCV(干重热值 )和AFCV(去灰分热值 )均以叶为最高 ;观光木、杉木地下各部分的灰分含量均随径级的减小而增加 ,GCV均以粗根最高 ,细根最低 ;观光木的平均灰分含量高于杉木 ,但GCV和AFCV均低于杉木 ;从乔木层、灌木层到草本层 ,灰分含量依次增加 ,GCV和AFCV则依次降低 .混交林群落的能量现存量、年净增量、归还量和净固定量分别是纯林的 1.2 6倍、1.15倍、1.0 2倍和 1.0 9倍 ,其中以乔木层的占大部分 ,林下植被虽然能量现存量仅占群落的很小一部分 ,而其能量年净增量、归还量和净固定量却占有一定比重 .混交林群落的太阳能转化率为 1.5 7% ,而纯林为 1.44 % .表明杉观混交林是一种能量生产力较高和维持地力能力较强的杉阔混交类型 .同时 ,混交林的能量累积比大于纯林 ,能量流动速率则低于纯林 ;乔木层的能量累积比高于林下植被 ,能量流动速率则低于林下植被 .从能量的角度看 ,构建合理的群落结构必须选择高能量累积比的乔木层树种 ,同时须促进能量流动速率快的林下植被的发育以维持和提高地力 .表 4参 2 2Based on the measurement of biomass and productivity, the caloric value of plant samples, the standing crop of energy, net energy production and energy conversing efficiency of mixed forest of Cunninghamia lanceolata and Tsoongiodendron odorum were determined. Among the aboveground fractions, ash content was highest in barks of Tsoongiodendron odorum and in leaves of Cunninghamia lanceolata , and GCV and AFCV were both highest in leaves of the two species. For underground fractions, ash content increased with the increase of root diameter size, and GCV was highest in coarse roots and lowest in fine roots. The mean ash content was higher, and the mean of GCV and AFCV of Tsoongiodendron odorum were lower than those of Cunninghamia lanceolata . The mean ash content increased in an order from tree layer, shrub layer to herb layer, while those of GCV and AFCV decreased. The standing crop, net accumulation, production and returning of energy of mixed forest were 1.26, 1.15, 1.09 and 1.02 times as much as that of pure forest, respectively. The undergrowth played an important role in energy process, though it accounted for only a slight proportion in community. The energy conversing efficiency was 1.57% for mixed forest and 1.44% for pure forest. The ratio of energy accumulation was higher, and the rate of energy flow was lower in mixed forest than in pure forest. The tree layer had a higher ratio of energy accumulation and a lower rate of energy flow than undergrowth did. In view of energy efficiency, trees with high accumulated rate of energy should be introduced and growth of undergrowth should be promoted in a managed forest community. Tab 4, Ref 22中国博士后科研基金;; 福建省科委重大基础研究项目 (2 0 0 0 F 0 4 );; 高等学校骨干教师资助计划资

Optimization of the upper surface of hypersonic vehicle based on CFD analysis

For the hypersonic vehicle, the aerodynamic performance becomes more intensive. Therefore, it is a significant event to optimize the shape of the hypersonic vehicle to achieve the project demands. It is a key technology to promote the performance of the hypersonic vehicle with the method of shape optimization. Based on the existing vehicle, the optimization to the upper surface of the Simplified hypersonic vehicle was done to obtain a shape which suits the project demand. At the cruising condition, the upper surface was parameterized with the B-Spline curve method. The incremental parametric method and the reconstruction technology of the local mesh were applied here. The whole flow field was been calculated and the aerodynamic performance of the craft were obtained by the computational fluid dynamic (CFD) technology. Then the vehicle shape was optimized to achieve the maximum lift-drag ratio at attack angle 3 degrees, 4 degrees and 5 degrees. The results will provide the reference for the practical design

清华信息科学与技术国家实验室(筹)会议论文集

在语篇阅读理解的过程中,读者会建立关于语篇内容的心理表征,而语篇的结构对于语篇心理表征的构建具有极其重要的作用。通过一系列的脑电研究,我们考察了语篇的结构(话题结构,语篇中句子数)对语篇阅读中情绪和语义信息加工的影响。在研究一中,我们操纵了语篇的话题结构(话题转换或话题延续),考察其对情绪信息更新的影响。结果发现在话题转换的情况下,情绪更新诱发了一个P600效应,而在话题延续的情况下没有。这表明,&nbsp;</p

The Influence of Conventionality and Presentation Form on Indirect Replies Comprehension in Conversations

间接回应是语言交流中很常见的形式。该研究采用自定步速阅读范式考察社会规约性及呈现方式对理解间接回应的影响。将社会规约性分为高、中、低三个水平,分别对应直接回应、间接拒绝、间接评价三种回应方式,呈现方式采用整句呈现和逐词呈现两种方式。结果发现,在整句呈现时,三种回应方式的阅读时间随规约性高低呈梯度变化,即直接回应的阅读时间最短,间接拒绝次之,间接评价最长;而逐词呈现时,对间接拒绝和直接回应的阅读时间没有差异,都长于对间接评价的阅读时间。结果表明了社会规约性及呈现方式对间接回应的理解存在交互影响。</p

语篇理解中语义整合的神经机制及其影响因素

语义整合是把当前阅读中新出现的词语与之前的语境进行语义联结以形成连贯表征的过程。在语篇理解中，很多理论都确定了整合这一过程的重要性，语义整合是达成语篇连贯的一个关键步骤，探究其神经机制及影响因素对理解语篇有重要意义。已有的ERP研究表明语篇理解中的语义整合是即时发生的；已有的fMRI研究和神经震荡的分析提供了参与这一过程的具体脑区和神经网络的证据。其影响因素主要包括语篇内因素、非言语因素和个体差异

The Neural Mechanism and Influential Factors of Semantic Unification in Discourse Comprehension

语义整合是把当前阅读中新出现的词语与之前的语境进行语义联结以形成连贯表征的过程。在语篇理解中，很多理论都确定了整合这一过程的重要性，语义整合是达成语篇连贯的一个关键步骤，探究其神经机制及影响因素对理解语篇有重要意义。已有的ERP研究表明语篇理解中的语义整合是即时发生的；已有的fMRI研究和神经震荡的分析提供了参与这一过程的具体脑区和神经网络的证据。其影响因素主要包括语篇内因素、非言语因素和个体差异