The construction of metagenomic library of sediment from Antarctica and the screening and analysis of protease

南极、深海等极端环境中蕴藏着丰富的生物资源，这其中微生物资源是目前国内外研究的热点。在对自然环境的长期适应和进化过程中，这些微生物形成了独特的组织结构、吸收及代谢机制以进行生存和繁衍。对低温酶、冷适应酶的独特分子结构及功能进行研究，探索微生物为适应特殊的生存环境而发生的基因突变，无论在基础科学研究上还是实际开发应用中都具有重大的现实意义。由于极端环境样品采集、培养方面的技术限制，目前只有之多10%的微生物能够实现实验室培养分离，而其他90%的微生物仍未得到认识和研究。低温蛋白酶由于在低温条件下的表现出的高催化效率，在工业、农业、医药卫生、生物制剂、食品加工等方面都有极其广泛的应用价值。 本论...Microorganisms living in the extreme environment, such as Antarctica and deep sea, have become the hotspot of recent study. In the process of long-term adaptive to the environment and evolvement, these Microorganisms developed a series of special structures, enzyme systems and catalytic systems to make them survive and thrive. Studies on these special gene mutations benefit scientific research as ...学位：理学硕士院系专业：生命科学学院生物学系_微生物学学号：2005130202

南极土壤微生物宏基因组文库构建及其抗肿瘤活性初探

微生物代谢产物是药物的重要来源之一,然而采用传统的分离培养筛选的手段仅能对不到1％的微生物资源进行研究开发．通过构建环境样品微生物宏基因组文库能突破人工培养的瓶颈,直接克隆到完整的次级代谢产物合成基因簇,并从中寻找新的药物和活性次生代谢产物．实验直接提取南极中山站排污口土壤样品中微生物总基因组DNA,以黏粒(SuperCos 1)为载体,构建了宏基因组文库,获得了约27 000个克隆子,平均插入片段在35 kb以上,覆盖了至少946 Mb的微生物基因组信息．通过差异性DNA修复试验(DDRT)法对该文库进行筛选,获得13个具有抗肿瘤活性的克隆子,并采用MTT法对其中活性较高的克隆子进行细胞毒活性测定,表明克隆子AE-3对卵巢癌细胞具有明显的生长抑制作用．国家自然科学基金资助项目(批准号:40406029

Screening and Characterization of Protease from Metagenomic Library of Deep Sea Sediment

提取东太平洋深海沉积物宏基因组dnA,构建了未培养微生物宏基因组文库.该文库平均插入片段30kb以上,含有7000个克隆,含外源dnA总长度约为210Mb.从文库中筛选到18个产胞外蛋白酶的克隆,16SrrnA分析表明,它们分别来源于假单胞菌(PSEudOMOnAS)、寡养单胞菌(STEnOTrOPHOMOnAS)和弧菌(VIbrIO)3个菌属.根据活性大小及来源菌株的16SrrnA序列比较,选择10个蛋白酶进行酶学性质分析,结果表明,它们的最适作用PH值在7~10之间,最适作用温度在10~40℃之间.其中PrO20蛋白酶最适作用温度最低,为10℃;PrO1蛋白酶具有最适作用温度低(20℃)、PH耐受性好、热稳定性较好等特性,具有良好的应用开发潜力.图6参16Metagenomic cosmid library,containing 7 000 clones with more than 30kb inserts and covering about 210Mb metagenomic DNA of uncultured microorganisms from the deep sea sediment of east Pacific,was constructed,and 18 independent clones expressing protease activity were isolated from the library.The analysis of 16S rRNA showed that these proteases originated from Pseudomonas,Stenotrophomonas and Vibrio,respectively.Ten proteases were selected for further study based on the comparison of their activities and 16S rRNA sequence.The results indicated that the optimal pH and temperature for their activities ranged between 7～10 and 10～40℃,respectively.The Pro20 protease had the lowest optimal temperature at 10℃.The Pro1 protease had better potential for exploitation owing to some virtues including high activity at low temperature,better resistant for high pH and temperature.Fig 6,Ref 16国家高技术研究发展计划(“863”计划)项目(No.2007AA091407);中国大洋矿产资源研究开发协会(COMRA)项目(No.DYXM-115-02-2-04);福建省自然科学基金项目(No.2006J0365)资助---

Management System of Instruments and Equipment Based on Advanced RISC Machines

针对学校等大型科研平台拥有的精密器材种类繁多、安置位置分散、操作流程特异、操作人员流动性大的现象,基于监测的思想设计了此仪器管理系统,旨在督促实验人员按稳妥的使用流程操作仪器,并为器材的更迭维修提供参考。系统分为终端、服务端两部分,终端通过检测电流来判断仪器状态,使用者使用需用有效IC卡辨别身份,终端相应给予声光提示,并且拍照留据。相应的状态情况可以通过网络传输到服务器,例如使用者有效卡号、报警照片等且客户端可以从服务端获取人员信息更新等资料。通过对本工程中心内部分仪器的监管测试表明,较好的提高了操作人员使用素质,提高了仪器管理水平。In college laboratory there are many different kinds of scientific instruments with the problems of high mobility of using personnel,being scattered and so on.This paper designs this management system based on the principle of monitoring,aiming to urge the user to operate the instrument according to proper procedures.The system is divided into client and server two parts.The terminal system discriminates instrument status by detecting current,users need effective IC card,the system corresponding to give sound and light tips,and photos to stay.The corresponding information is sent to the server,such as card number,photo,switch machine time,and the client can access to personnel information updates from the server.福建省科技重大专项(2012Y4011)新型荧光定量侧向流纸条自动化检测仪的研

轮状病毒VP4~*高聚体的制备及其免疫保护性评价

在前期工作中发现,截短的轮状病毒VP4~*蛋白(aa26–476)在大肠杆菌中能够以可溶形式表达,且在小鼠模型中具有较高的免疫原性和免疫保护性。本研究通过颗粒化进一步提高VP4~*蛋白的免疫保护性。通过37℃水浴加热处理24h使VP4~*蛋白多聚化,通过高效液相色谱、透射电镜、分析超离等分析VP4~*蛋白颗粒化程度,通过酶联免疫吸附试验分析颗粒化对VP4~*蛋白与中和抗体反应性的影响;通过差示量热法分析VP4~*高聚体的热稳定性;最后,通过小鼠母传抗体模型研究颗粒化对VP4~*免疫原性和免疫保护性的影响。结果表明,VP4~*蛋白高聚体结构均一,并且相比三聚体,具有更高热稳定性和中和抗体结合活性;在内毒素<20 EU/mg的条件下,与铝佐剂混合,刺激小鼠产生更高滴度的中和抗体;对轮状病毒导致的腹泻具有更高的免疫保护性。综上所述,VP4~*高聚体的研究为轮状病毒基因工程亚单位疫苗的研制提供了更广阔的思路。国家自然科学基金(No.81501741);;福建省科学技术创新平台(No.2014Y2004)资助~

Management System of Instruments and Equipment Based on Server Terminal Monitoring

针对高校实验室科研仪器存在的种类繁多、使用人员流动性大、仪器地点分散等情况,设计了一个采用C/S架构的仪器监控管理系统。系统终端采用ArM架构的嵌入式处理器,通过霍尔电流传感器检测其所监控的仪器的电流变化情况,将仪器状态、使用人的卡号以及非法操作的报警照片实时地通过网络发送给服务器,同时应用网络数据库技术设计了实验室监控仪器网上查询列表,实现了可在网页直接地查询当前各个房间的仪器使用情况、任何时间段的使用记录信息和所有时间段的报警记录照片以及实验室仪器的预约。This paper designs an equipment monitoring and control system which is using C / S structure for better management.The terminal system is based on the embedded processor with ARM architecture.The client monitors the electric current by Hall current sensor,then send the state of the instrument,the user's card number and the warning pictures to the server through the network in real time,and use the network database technology to design an online query list for the instruments which are monitored,can visually check the equipments usage in each room,the use record information in any time period and the warning pictures of all time online,can also make an appointment with instruments on the Internet.厦门大学基础创新科研基金本科生项目(CXB2013023);一种非接触、具备学习机制的远程仪器实时监控方法研

清人赵学敏《凤仙谱》献疑

清人赵学敏所著《凤仙谱》历来被认为是一部科学价值较高的凤仙花专谱。文章基于现代植物分类学领域对凤仙花属植物的研究成果,从生物学习性、形态特征、栽培历史等方面对《凤仙谱》中所载植物进行了全面考证,发现《凤仙谱》中收录的"凤仙花"与现代植物分类学中的凤仙花大多存在明显区别,因此《凤仙谱》中之"凤仙"是否皆为凤仙花属植物值得商榷。为了能够正确利用《凤仙谱》一书,应对其进行更加客观的评价,重新认识其学术价值及地位

Phylogenetic Analysis of Psychrophilic Bacteria in Arctic Deep Sea Sediment

从北极白令海深海沉积物中分离得到19株嗜冷细菌,通过测定16S rDNA序列对它们进行了分类鉴定及系统发育分析,并且与从热带西太平洋“暖池”区沉积物中分离的嗜冷细菌进行了比较.结果表明,由北极海底沉积物中分离得到的细菌主要属于γ-变形菌(γ-Proteobacteria),此外还有少量的α-变形菌和革兰氏阳性菌.在γ-变形菌中主要的菌属为假交替单胞菌属(Pseudoalteromonas),假单胞菌属(Pseudomonas)和希瓦氏菌属(Shewanella).与西太平洋“暖池”区沉积物中的嗜冷细菌的比较分析表明,假交替单胞菌属和假单胞菌属在两个海域中普遍存在,而希瓦氏菌属的分布则表现出一定的地域性.系统发育分析表明,相同菌属但来自北极和西太平洋海域两个不同环境的嗜冷细菌在系统发育树中的位置都相对独立,有的还形成了独立的分支,说明其分子进化过程可能受到生存环境条件的影响.A total of 19 psychrophilic bacteria were isolated from deep sea sediment of Bering Sea,Arctic.The identification and phylogenetic analysis of these psychrophiles were carried out based on the comparison of 16S rDNA gene sequences.The phylogenetic relationship was compared among the psychrophiles isolated from deep sea sediment of Arctic and the tropical western Pacific "warm pool" area.The results showed that most of the arctic psychrophilic bacteria belonged to γ-proteobacteria,and the rest belonged to α-proteobacteria and gram-positive bacteria.The dominant genera of these bacteria were Pseudoalteromonas,Pseudomonas and Shewanella that belonged to γ-proteobacteria.Comparing with the psychrophilic bacteria isolated from the sediment of tropical western Pacific,Pseudoalteromonas and Pseudomonas were two universal genera in these two sea area,while the genus Shewanella only isolated from the Arctic Ocean.The phylogenetic analysis indicated that the psychrophilic bacteria isolated from sediment of Arctic and the western Pacific were located in the independent clade separately,some of them constitute an individual clade completely.These results possible suggested that the habitation and evolution of psychrophilic bacteria were affected by the environment.国家自然科学青年基金(40406029)资

中国新归化菊科植物——弯喙苣

弯喙苣属(Urospermum)有2种,原产于南欧、北非和西亚。其中,该属的模式种弯喙苣(Urospermum picroides (L.) Scop. ex F. W. Schmidt)目前已在北美洲、南美洲、澳大利亚、南非和巴基斯坦等许多地区归化,我国曾有引种栽培,近来成为宁波地区一种新的归化杂草。本文就弯喙苣的分类地位、形态特征、地理分布、生物学特征、传播途径、入侵危害、防治措施进行了报道,以期为外来有害杂草的鉴定提供借鉴