Developing Flow Battery for Large Scale Energy Storage

介绍一种新近发展迅速的大规模蓄电技术——液流蓄电池。叙述了其原理和优势、国内外发展现况和关键技术;分析了其作为风能与太阳能发电的蓄能、电网调峰、用电大户自备电源的应用前景;提出了发展我国液流电池的意见、建议。This article introduces a fast-developing large scale energy storage technology-flow battery, narrates its principles, advantages, development status and key technologies of both domestic and abroad. This article also analyzes the application prospects of the flow battery when it is used as the energy storage device for wind and solar power plant, in power management, and as the standby power source of the big electricity-consumer. The proposals of developing flow battery are also presented

基于替换概率的闪存数据库缓冲区替换算法

闪存具有和传统磁盘不同的特性，包括写前擦除、异地更新、读写延迟非对称等.传统的面向磁盘的缓冲区替换算法无法在闪存数据库系统中获得较好的性能.文中提出了一种新的面向闪存数据库的缓冲区替换算法——APB-LRU，其特点：(1)该算法将缓冲区分为冷区和热区，用来捕获数据访问频度，前者用于存放只访问过一次的数据页，后者用于存放至少访问过两次的数据页；(2)采用了其它研究所没有的概率替换机制，即以较大的概率替换冷区中的干净页，以较小的概率替换冷区中的脏页，从而避免了冷脏页长期驻留缓冲区的情况，提高了命中率，获得了较好的整体性能；(3)设计了冷、热区比例动态变化机制，可以根据工作负载的变化动态调整冷、热区所占缓冲区的比例，从而使得替换算法在不同的负载模式下都可以取得较好的性能.基于不同测试数据集的大量实验结果表明，APB-LRU算法具有比其它已有的算法更好的性能.厦门大学基础创新科研基金(中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金)(2011121049,2012121030);国家自然科学基金(61001013,61102136,61202012);福建省自然科学基金(2011J05156,2011J05158,2013J05099)资

Immuno capture PCR for HBVDNA/Ig-two-component-determined circulating immune complexes

目的:建立一种免疫捕捉法PCR技术,研究血清免疫复合物中不同Ig类型抗体结合HBV的情况,并初步探讨其意义。方法:以羊抗人μ、γ、α链的IgG为捕捉抗体,再利用PCR扩增捕捉物中的HBVDNA。结果:成功地建立了检测HBVDNA/IgM、IgG和IgATCIC的免疫捕捉法PCR技术。该技术特异性强、敏感性高、重复性好,可以显著提高HBVDNA的检出率。同时发现,结合HBV的抗体的Ig类型组合有明显差异,三者均阳性最高。结论:说明乙肝患者血清免疫复合物中有较多的病毒颗粒。研究HBVDNA/IgTCIC对乙肝发病机理的深入阐明可能具有重要意义。Objective: To establish an immuno capture PCR for the study of classes of immunoglobulins complexed with HBV and of their significance.Methods:Using goat IgG to human μ、γ、α chain as capture antibodies and prime specific PCR as a detecting method.Results:An immuno capture PCR had been established to detect HBVDNA/Ig TCIC (HBVDNA/IgM TCTC,HBVDNA/IgG TCIC, HBVDNA/IgA TCIC). This method was specific,sensitive and reproducible,by which more patients with positive HBVDNA could be found. It was also characted that there were significantly different positive rates among the types of combinations of IgM,IgG and IgA, in which the group with the three of them was hightest.Conclusion:Conclusion:These findings suggested that more HBV may be hide within circulating immune complexes and the study of HBV DNA /Ig TCIC may play an important role in more understanding of pathogenesis in patients with hepatitis B.国家自然科学基金!3 96 6 0 0 7

Comparative Study on Characteristics of Urban Rainfall Runoff from Two Urban Lawn Catchments in Macau and Xiamen

在澳门与厦门分别选一分流制管道类型的绿地小流域开展降雨径流监测,以研究城市绿地降雨径流污染特征.结果表明,两城市绿地小流域降雨径流的主要污染物为COd、TP、nO3--n,其EMC平均值分别为165.77--60.48 Mg/l、0.96--0.44 Mg/l和7.16--1.18 Mg/l;两城市绿地的COd、TP、nO3--n污染负荷平均值分别为6.53--0.63 kg/HM2、0.037 5--0.004 7 kg/HM2和0.012 2--0.012 8 kg/HM2;绿地降雨径流污染物浓度峰值出现时间早于径流量峰值;城市绿地降雨径流初始冲刷效应不明显,厦门绿地小流域降雨径流COd、TSS、TP及nO3--n的ff30分别为36.26%、26.13%、28.13%和39.03%.基于多元回归分析结果表明,总降雨量和总径流量是影响绿地降雨径流污染初始冲刷效应的主要因素.A comparative study on characteristics of stormwater runoff from two urban lawn catchments in Macau(ELH) and Xiamen(PGH) with separated sewer system were conducted.The result obtained shows that COD,TP and(NO---_3-N) are the major pollutants with mean EMC of 165.77-60.48(mg/L),0.96-0.44(mg/L) and 7.16-1.18(mg/L),respectively,and the mean values of pollutants loads of COD,TP and(NO---_3-N) from study lawn catchments are 6.53-0.63(kg/hm--2),(0.037?5)-(0.004?7)(kg/hm--2) and(0.012?2)-(0.012?8)(kg/hm--2),respectively.Peak values of major pollutant concentrations usually precede the flow peak.First flush effect of rainfall runoff from two study catchments is no obvious,which can be reflected by the low mean value of FF_(30) of TSS,COD,TP and(NO---_3-N),with 36.26%,26.13%,28.13% and 39.03%,respectively.Based on multivariate statistical analysis,first flush effect from urban lawn rainfall runoff is greatly influenced by total rainfall amount(T_r) and total runoff volume(V).国家自然科学基金项目(50778098);福建省青年人才项目(2007F3093

Synthesis and Redox Study for Complex C_(60)Pt(CO)(Pph_3)

采用配体取代法 ,即在惰性气氛下以C60 取代Pt(CO) 2 (Pph3 ) 2 中的CO及Pph3 ,合成了C60 Pt(CO)(Pph3 )富勒烯金属配合物 ,利用元素分析、红外光谱、紫外可见光谱、光电子能谱等手段对产物进行鉴定和表征 ,结果表明 ,C60 以σ-π配位方式与Pt形成了稳定的 η2 型C60 配合物 .由于该分子存在超共轭作用 ,分子内电子流动性大 ,因而该配合物可能具有良好的光电转化性能及催化性能 .氧化还原性能研究表明 ,C60 在与金属有机基团Pt(CO) (Pph3 )形成配合物后 ,其还原电位向负方向发生了移动Fullerene and it′s dervant have unique poperties on physics and chemistry. The main purpose of the synthesis of new type fullerene complexes is to exploit the applications of fullerene and it′s dervant as functional materials. The method of ligand substituting was employed, by which, the fullerene complexe C 60Pt(CO)(Pph 3)has been perpared by the reaction of C 60 replacing the ligands CO and Pph 3 in Pt(CO) 2(Pph 3) 2 under a nitrogen atmosphere and refluxing. The title compound was characterized by elemental analysis, FT-IR, UV-vis, XPS. The results show that the structure of purposeful product is that the ligands CO and Pph 3 take up two coordination sites of the central metal, and C 60 take up another two sites in σ-π feeback pattern. The electron flowing power of the molecule is strong, because of super conjugation in the molecule. The complexe may have super poperties on photoelectricity and catalysis. The result of redox research indicates that the reduction potential of the complexe is more negative than that of pure C 60.福建省自然科学基金 (E0 110 0 0 2 )资助课题;; 高等学校博士学科点专项科研基金 (980 384 10 )资助课题;; 厦门大学校级自选课题基金资

Biological nitrogen fixation in the upper water column in the south Taiwan Strait during summer 2011

2011年6—7月,利用15n2示踪法实测了台湾海峡南部海域的生物固氮速率,结合温度、盐度、天然颗粒物氮同位素组成的分布,分析并讨论了影响研究海域生物固氮速率的环境因素。结果表明,夏季台湾海峡南部海域的生物固氮速率介于168—1080 nMOl M-3d-1之间,平均为537 nMOl M-3d-1,较高的生物固氮速率大多出现在次表层水体中。研究站位的积分固氮速率变化范围为11—40μMOl M-2d-1,平均为23μMOl M-2d-1。积分固氮速率的空间变化与不同水团的影响有关,在受黑潮水影响的海域,生物固氮速率较高,而在上升流和受河流冲淡水影响的海域,生物固氮速率较低,说明较低的水温及较高的无机氮营养盐可能会抑制研究海域的生物固氮作用。研究海域天然颗粒物δ15n与生物固氮速率之间呈现良好的负相关关系,表明天然颗粒物氮同位素组成可定性指征研究海域生物固氮作用的强弱。Biological N2fixation in marine environments is a major component in the ocean nitrogen budget and plays an important role in global carbon cycles through the sequestration of atmospheric carbon dioxide and production of marine organic matter.N2fixation could be regulated by the abundance and chemical speciation of nutrients and many trace elements in seawater.Recent studies have revealed that N2fixation is much more widespread in marine environments than previously thought.However,little is known about the N2fixation in the Taiwan Strait,especially on N2fixation rates,and their relationship with environmental parameters.The major objectives of this study were to determine the N2fixation rates and their spatial distributions and to explore major physicochemical controlling factors in the south Taiwan Strait.During June and July 2011,seawater samples were collected from ten stations at two transects in the south Taiwan Strait for the measurements of N2fixation rate using the15N2tracer assay.Particulate nitrogen and its isotopic composition were measured with an elemental analyzer(Carlo Erba NC 2500) coupled with a Finnigan MAT DeltaplusXP isotope ratio mass spectrometer.Reproducibility of nitrogen isotope measurements(in terms of δ15N) was within 0.2‰.Our results showed that N2fixation rates in the south Taiwan Strait ranged from 168—1080 nmol m-3d-1with an average of 537 nmol m-3d-1.Most of the high rates were observed at subsurface layers.The depth-integrated N2fixation rates were 11—40 μmol m-2d-1with an average of(23±10) μmol m-2d-1.The distribution of the N2fixation rates showed regional variations with influence from water masses with distinctive temperature and salinity.Higher N2fixation rates were mostly observed in the regions influenced by the Kuroshio,with an average of 31 μmol m-2d-1,while lower rates occurred in the upwelling and river plume regions with an average of 15 μmol m-2d-1.This spatial distribution pattern indicated that biological N2fixation was largely impeded by the low temperature and the high concentration of dissolved inorganic nitrogen in the south Taiwan Strait.The contribution of N2fixation in the study area could be further quantified based on the δ15N signatures of suspended particles which could be significantly depleted during N2fixation.Indeed,a negative correlation between the δ15N signatures of suspended particles and N2fixation rates was observed regardless of using all data points or depth-averaged values within the water column.This indicated that15N-depleted particles were largely derived from the enhanced N2fixation,supporting the use of nitrogen isotopic composition(δ15N) of suspended particles as a potential indicator of N2fixation in the south Taiwan Strait.Further studies are needed to better elucidate the relationship between N2fixation rates and limiting elements and their chemical speciation,and thus the physical and biogeochemical controls on N2fixation in the south Taiwan Strait.国家自然科学基金资助项目(41125020;41076043;41206062); 国际海域资源调查与开发“十二五”项目(DY125-13-E-01

Synthesis, Characterization and Photovoltaic Effect of Porphyrin-Fullerene Compounds MP-C_(60)

The convalently linked porphyrin-fullerene ligand was synthesized by 1,3 dipolar cycloaddition reaction. The ligand and complexes were characterized by means of FT-IR, Uv-Vis, ~1HNMR, ESI-MS and elemental analysis. The photoelectricity transform performance of the compounds was studied.The result indicated that the photovoltaic effect of (n+n) heterojunction electrode formed by MP-C_(60)/GaAs was super, especially in the I_2/I_3~- and O_2/H_2O redox couples, and photovoltaic potential was preferable.The photovoltaic performance of a MP-C_(60)/GaAs electrode at 1-2 μm thinck MP-C_(60) film of appeared peak value.ProjectsupportedbytheNatureScienceFoundationofFujianprovince(E0410001)andSelf-selectProgramofXiamenUniversity(0040-Y07008)

Synthesis and Photovoltaic Effect Study for Fullerene Complexe C_(60)Pd(Ph_2PCH_2PPh_2)

在氮气氛下 ,采用配体取代法 ,即以C60 取代Pd(Ph2 PCH2 PPh2 ) 2 中一个Ph2 PCH2 PPh2 合成出富勒烯金属配合物C60 Pd(Ph2 PCH2 PPh2 ) ,采用元素分析、红外光谱、紫外可见光谱、光电子能谱以及X射线粉末衍射等手段对产物进行表征 .同时研究了产物的光电性能、氧化还原性能及热稳定性能 .光伏效应研究结果表明 ,产物具有优良的光电转化性能 ,尤其是在BQ/H2 Q介质电对中 ,光生电压最大达到 174mV ;当C60 Pd(Ph2 PCH2 PPh2 )薄膜厚度为 1μm时 ,光伏效应值最大 .Fulerene complexe C_ 60Pd(Ph_2PCH_2PPh_2) was perpared by the method of ligand substitution via the reaction of C_ 60 with Pd(Ph_2PCH_2PPh_2)_2 under condition of a nitrogen atmosphere and refluxing, and the title compound was appraised and characterized by methods of elemental analysis, FT-IR, UV-vis, XPS and XRD.The results showed that the structure of purposeful product was that the Ph_2PCH_2PPh_2 took up two coordination sites of the central metal, and C_ 60 took up another two sites in σ-π feeback pattern. The porperties on photoelectricity, redox and thermostability of the title complexe were studied. The results of studying on photoelectricity showed that the photovoltaic effect of (n+n) heterojunction electrode formed by C_ 60Pd(Ph_2PCH_2PPh_2)/GaAs was supper, especially in the BQ/H_2Q redox couple, and the greatest value of photovoltaic potential was up to 174 mV. The photovoltaic performance of C_ 60Pd(Ph_2PCH_2PPh_2)/GaAs electrode at 1 μm for thickness of C_ 60Pd(Ph_2PCH_2PPh_2) film was the best.ProjectsupportedbytheNaturalScienceFoundationofFujianprovince (E0 4 10 0 0 1,E0 110 0 0 1,F0 2 10 0 10 ) ,DoctorProgramofHighterEductionofChina (980 384 10 )andSelf selectProgramofXiamenUniversity

Synthesis and redox study for complex C60Pt (CO) (Pph(3))

Fullerene and it's dervant have unique poperties on physics and chemistry. The main purpose of the synthesis of new type fullerene complexes is to exploit the applications of fullerene and it's dervant as functional materials. The method of ligand substituting was employed, by which, the fullerene complexe C60Pt(CO) (Pph(3)) has been perpared by the reaction of C-60 replacing the ligands CO and Pph(3) in Pt(CO)(2) (Pph(3))(2) under a nitrogen atmosphere and refluxing. The tide compound was characterized by elemental analysis, FT-IR, UV-vis, XPS. The results show that the structure of purposeful product is that the ligands CO and Pph(3) take up two coordination sites of the central metal, and C-60 take up another two sites in sigma-pi feeback pattern. The electron flowing power of the molecule is strong, because of super conjugation in the molecule. The complexe may have super poperties on photo-electricity and catalysis. The result of redox research indicates that the reduction potential of the complexe is more negative than that of pure C-60

Synthesis, characterization and photovoltaic effect of porphyrin-fullerene compounds MP-C-60

The convalendy linked porphyrin-fullerene ligand was synthesized by 1, 3 dipolar cycloaddition reaction. The ligand and complexes were characterized by means of FT-IR, Uv-Vis, (HNMR)-H-1, ESI-MS and elemental analysis. The photoelectricity transform performance of the compounds was studied. The result indicated that the photovoltaic effect of (n + n) heterojunction electrode formed by MP-C-60/GaAs was super, especially in the I-2/I-3(-) and O-2/H2O redox couples, and photovoltaic potential was preferable. The photovoltaic performance of a MP-C-60/GaAs electrode at 1-2 mu m thinck MP-C-60 film of appeared peak value