Road Dust Loading and Chemical Composition at Major Cities in Fujian Province

采集并分析了福建省重点城市厦门、漳州、泉州和莆田城区具有代表性的57个地面扬尘和16个土壤样品的26种无机元素、8种水溶性离子和碳成分等组成.不同城市粒径≤100μM的路面尘负荷平均值在6.99 g.M-2与10.11 g.M-2之间,而粒径≤2.5μM的路面尘(PM2.5)负荷平均值在4.0 Mg.M-2和12.5 Mg.M-2之间.不同城市土壤尘和路面尘PM2.5中浓度最高的元素都是SI、CA、Al、fE和k,路面尘中CA元素明显富集,而主要人为来源的重金属元素如Cu、Pb、zn、Cr在路面尘PM2.5中的浓度显著高于土壤尘.漳州城区路面尘PM2.5中二次离子nH4+、nO3-和SO24-的含量明显高于其它地区,厦门、漳州和泉州城区路面尘PM2.5中Mg2+和CA2+之间都存在显著的正相关关系.四城市路面尘中有机碳(OC)的含量均高于济南、石家庄以及北京地面扬尘OC的含量,元素碳(EC)的含量均低于北京地区路面扬尘EC的含量.泉州和莆田两地OC和EC的相关性较好,说明路面尘中OC和EC有相同或相似的来源.质量平衡结果显示泉州和莆田路面尘PM2.5中含量最高的是土壤尘,其次为有机物.按化学组成特征对路面尘PM2.5进行聚类解析,得到受大气沉降影响、受土壤尘影响、受大气沉降和土壤尘共同作用以及受土壤尘和建筑尘共同作用4类样品.A total of 57 road dust and 16 urban soil samples were collected from four cities,Xiamen,Zhangzhou,Quanzhou and Putian in Fujian Province,China.Twenty-six elements,eight water soluble ions,organic carbon and elemental carbon in the fraction of particulate diameter less than 2.5 μm(PM2.5) derived through a suspension chamber were analyzed.The average loading of road dust with diameter less than 100 μm in the four cities ranged from 6.99 g·m-2 to 10.11 g·m-2,while the loading of PM2.5 ranged from 4.0 mg·m-2 to 12.5 mg·m-2.Both the soil and road dust samples were characterized with much higher concentrations of Si,Ca,Al,Fe and K.But for the anthropogenic elements such as Cu,Pb,Zn,Cr and Ti,much lower levels were found in the soil PM2.5 than those in the road dust PM2.5.Significantly higher levels of NH+4,NO-3 and SO2-4 were found in the road dust PM2.5 from Zhangzhou in comparison with those from other cities in this study.The calcium ion(Ca2+) content was significantly positively correlated with the Mg2+ content in the road dust PM2.5 from Xiamen,Zhangzhou and Quanzhou.The levels of organic carbon(OC) in the road dust PM2.5 in these four cities were higher than those reported in Ji'nan,Shijiazhuang and Beijing while the levels of elemental carbon(EC) were all lower than those in the urban road dust from Beijing,Significant positive correlation between EC and OC was found in samples from Quanzhou and Putian,suggesting the same and/or similar sources.The result of mass balance indicated that higher percentage compositions were soil and OM in both Quanzhou and Putian.Based on the cluster analysis,the 57 road dust samples were divided into four types: influenced by atmospheric deposition,influenced by soil dust,influenced by atmospheric deposition and soil dust,and influenced by soil and construction dust.国家自然科学基金项目(40971257;41171365); 环境保护公益性行业科研专项(201009004); 福建省自然科学基金计划项目(2009J05106

Research on the Particular VP for the English Generation of Chinese-English Translation System

主要讨论汉英两种语言特殊动词短语表示方式的不同，包括动词短语的拆分、变形和辅助成分的确定。在分析模块给出的中间语言信息不够详尽的情况下，需要生成模块针对性地作进一步处理，才能得到规范准确的译文。生成模块中一个详尽的词典非常重要，提出的生成策略就是在一个完备的词典的基础上通过规则来实现的。This article mostly discusses the difference of expression of special VP between Chinese and English, including the split, distortion and assistant ingredient's confirming of VP. When the informations of interlingua given by the analysis model is not elaborate, we have to deal with the generation model centralizly and ulteriorly to get the normative and correct translation. A elaborate lexicon is very important in the generation model. The generation tactic given by this article is realized by rules on the foundation of a elaborate lexicon.国家“863”资助项目!(863-306-ZT03-06-1

Example-based Chinese Syntactic Structure Disambiguation

本文论述了一种基于实例的汉语句法结构分析的消歧方法。本文首先提出了这种方法的总体思路 ,并对其语义知识资源—《知网》作了简要的介绍。然后详细地描述了基于实例的排歧法的主要算法。最后给出的算法实验结果例子证明 ,这种方法是对汉语的结构分析排歧是有效的。This paper presents a description of the method of example based Chinese syntactic structure disambiguation method.First we put forward the general idea about this method and give a brief introduce to its semantic knowledge resource the Hownet Dictionary.Then the main algorithm for the method of example based disambiguation is proposed with detail.The experiment result given in the end proves our method to be effective.国家 8 6 3课题!(86 3- 30 6 -ZT0 3- 0 6 - 1

Research on Interrogative Information in Interrogative Sentence for Chinese-English Translation

汉语的疑问句的提问信息分布于句中，不像英语那样是置于句首的，因此汉语疑问句的关键提问信息(即疑问点)的分析就成为我们需研究的主要问题。首先总结了汉语疑问句疑问结构的类型，然后提出了采用上下文无关的合一规则作为分析手段的总体思路，并针对疑问结构的各类型给出相应的分析规则及算法。实验证明本文提出的分析策略具有较好的处理效果。The interrogative information is hidden in Chinese interrogative sentences, but in English it is placed at the head of the sentence. So the parsing for the key interrogative information, which we call interrogative point, becomes our research focus. In this pager, we summary the category of the structure of interrogative point in Chinese interrogative sentences. Then we propose to take content free unification rules as our parse method, and give the according rules and algorithms for the different interrogative point category. The parse method is proved to have better performance in the experiments.国家“863”计划资助项目!(863-306-ZT03-06-1

Travel distance-based accessibility evaluation for urban public park(基于出行距离评价城市公园绿地的可达性)

公园绿地的可达性是衡量其空间布局合理性的重要指标，以出行距离来度量公园绿地的可达性是一种较为便捷和有效的方法.以乐清市城区为例，根据公园绿地的规模，设置相应的服务半径，借助ArcGIS网络分析工具，基于出行距离来评价公园绿地的可达性.与缓冲区分析和按统一服务半径(500 m)进行分析对比，本方法更接近实际

Chemical labeling strategies for recognition and determination of protein and peptide

化学标记技术可以实现选择性地标记蛋白质/多肽分子,从而极大地提高了对蛋白质/多肽的识别效率和检测灵敏度,是突破蛋白质/多肽化学组成局限和仪器分析检测能力瓶颈的有效途径.本文对目前这一领域的研究现状扼要地进行了综述,主要包括针对蛋白质/多肽分子中内源氨基酸残基的标记策略、蛋白质/多肽分子中翻译后修饰基团的标记策略、基因编码表达肽段的标记策略以及配体/抗体亲和标记策略.透过这些研究所取得的成果,可以断定化学标记技术将会不断发展并将在蛋白质及蛋白质组学研究中发挥重要作用.Chemical labeling strategy offers a way to improve the recognition efficiency and determination sensitivity of a protein and/or peptide by using a suitable tag to label the target protein and/or peptide.Here we briefly review the current status in this field including labeling strategies for the natural amino acid residues of proteins and/or peptides,the sites of post-translational modifications and gene-coded peptide tag as well as that based on coordination affinity or immuno-reaction specificity.Such strategies are waiting for being further developed and will play an important role in the studies of proteome and proteomics in the near future.国家自然科学基金(21035006;20775062和20535020);国家重点基础研究计划项目(973计划)(2009CB421600)的资

汉英机器翻译中的趋向词处理研究

趋向动词的使用是汉语所特有的，也是非常普遍的现象．如果不能正确地处理趋向词，必将严重影响汉英机器翻译的质量．结合一个汉英机器翻译系统中的实际情况，提出了一种基于规则的趋向词处理策略．获国家863课题资助!（编号： 863－306－ZT03－06－1

COMPLEXING CAPACITY AND SOLUBLE COMPLEX LABILITY OF CADMIUM IN THE MINJIANG RIVER

以双硫腙为萃取剂建立了天然水中镉的络合容量(CdCC)及相应配合物易变性常数(kobsd)的测定方法.用乙二胺四乙酸、N-(2-羟乙基)乙二胺-N,N,′N′-三乙酸、氨三乙酸以及腐殖酸模拟天然水中的有机配体,验证了方法的可行性.将此方法应用于闽江流域不同河段水样的分析,测得CdCC为7.23—7.85μmol·l-1,kobsd在2.5×10-2—2.8×10-2s-1之间,与腐殖酸模型溶液相近.CdCC与水体中可溶性有机碳以及硫的含量有一定的相关性,人类活动和生态环境影响天然水体中有机物的种类和含量及相应的CdCC.Using dithizone as a competing ligand,a dynamic extraction method for determining cadmium complexing capacity (CdCC) and cadmium complex lability (kobsd) of natural waters was established. The feasibility of the method was validated using the mimic water samples containing some typical model chelating ligands such as ethylenediaminetraacetic acid,N-(2-hydroxyethyl)ethylene-diamine-N,N',N'-triacetic acid,nitrilotriacetic acid and humic acid. The method was applied to determine CdCC and kobsd of the real water samples collected from different sites of the Minjiang River in southeastern China. The CdCC and kobsd are from 7.23 to 7.85 μmol·l-1and from 2.5×10-2 to 2.8×10-2 s-1,respectively,which are similar to those of the humic acid mimic water sample. Results also indicated the CdCC is correlated to the dissolved organic carbon and sulfur contents of the waters. Furthermore,the influences of the anthropogenic activities and natural geography around the sampling sites on the CdCC were discussed.国家自然科学基金(20175019,20775062)资助项

1000～1900 K范围内TDLAS测高温标定方法设计及实验验证

针对航空发动机对燃烧尾焰温度测试的需求,开展基于吸收光谱原理的可调谐半导体激光器吸收光谱(TDLAS)测温系统研究。在实验室环境中采用辐射升温法创造高温气体恒温区,完成温度标定系统及标定流程设计。根据TDLAS测温系统1000～1900 K温度范围的温度标定,对比分析各个温度点标定过程中信噪比的变化过程,证实了标定方法的可行性。对标定过程中信噪比恶化提出修正措施