政治正义的哲学传统与马克思的正义观

由苏格拉底开启的古典政治哲学,以探究德性(arete)为主题,思考正义的社会秩序问题,然而,在马基雅维里那里,政治哲学蜕变为政治术,霍布斯更是强化了政治的科学性,置权力于优先地位,把权力作为政治哲学的核心,由此形成了政治哲学的两大传统。这两种政治哲学传统又都是建立在抽象人性论的基础之上的。马克思从人类解放的视角去思考和构建现实的伦理生活,从而实现了对传统政治正义的超越。福建省2008年度哲学社会科学规划项目:“马克思的解放理论与我国民主政治建设”的阶段性成果,项目批准号:2008C00

构建和谐社会进程中的价值多元问题

价值多元是社会发展中的普遍性问题,在社会转型过程中表现尤为突出。多元价值观所形成的社会矛盾如果任其扩大极易诱发价值冲突,甚至会严重影响和制约我国社会主义文化建设与和谐社会的实现。社会主义核心价值体系作为社会主义先进文化的精髓,决定着中国特色社会主义发展的方向。必须高度重视、科学认识多元价值问题,通过文化建设强化社会主义核心价值体系,通过经济建设解决利益冲突问题,在政治建设中注重中产阶层社会作用,从总体上形成一元主导、多元共生的价值观,为构建和谐社会提供整合力和引领力。2011年度福建省社会科学规划项目“政治规范论:阐释与创新”(批准号2011B233)的阶段性研究成

关于我国建立环境责任保险制度的再思考

近来全国范围内的空气污染、雾霾天气,使治理环境污染成为今年两会的热点话题,建立实质意义上的环境责任保险制度迫在眉睫。由于环境责任保险具有技术要求高、赔偿责任大等特点,以及我国相关的立法不完善、制度的缺失、保险公司分散自身风险渠道不足和国内保险公司的学习精神不足等问题,造成我国环境责任保险虽有试点推出,但自身却发展不够理想。本文通过分析环境责任保险在我国的发展现状及掣肘原因,结合国外的优势经验,进而探讨我国环境责任保险制度建立的可行性和必要性

SPECIATION ANALYSIS OF TRACE ELEMENTS IN GANODERMA ATRUM

研究黑灵芝中微量元素含量及溶出特性对黑灵芝质量控制、灵芝产品的合理开发利用有重要作用。用ICP-MS法同时测定黑灵芝中十余种微量元素的初级形态含量及分布,考察了黑灵芝中微量元素在不同极性溶剂中的浸出率,并通过国家一级标准物质验证了分析结果的准确性。结果表明,随着溶剂极性增大,大部分元素的溶出率增大。水提取黑灵芝,铜、锰、铁、锌等元素的提取率均小于40%,对黑灵芝样品进行了加标回收试验,回收率在88.2%~110.6%。It is important to study the trace element contents and transference characteristics and element speciation in the extract of Ganoderma atrum for the quality control and reasonable exploitation. In this experiment the contents and speciation of more than ten elements in Ganoderma atrum were simultaneously determined with microwave assisted digestion of sample combined with inductively coupled plasma mass-spectrometry (ICP-MS). The dissolution percentage of trace element in different solvents were also studied and the veracity of the analytical results were validated with CRMs′ under the same conditions.The results indicated that the dissolution percentage of most elements in solvents were increased with its polarities. In the aqueous solution of the Ganoderma atrum, the extraction percentage of Cu, Mn, Fe, Zn were all lower than 40%. The recoveries of the elements were ranged from 88.2% to 110.6%

Photosynthetic capacity of three common species of macroalgae and the application in coral aquarium

利用水下饱和脉冲调制叶绿素荧光仪(dIVIng-PAM)测定了珊瑚养殖水处理中3种常见大型海藻石莼(ulVA lACTuCA)、条浒苔(EnTErOMOrPHA ClATHrATA)和羽状蕨藻(CAulErPA MEXICAnA)光能转化效率(fV/fM),快速光曲线(rlC)相关参数和非光化学淬灭(nPQ)。结果表明:石莼和条浒苔的fV/fM分别为0.808±0.004和0.816±0.009,显著高于羽状蕨藻。最大相对电子传递速率rETrMAX(17.52±2.92和19.59±4.43μMOl E·M-2·S-1)、半饱和光强Ik(53.41±8.18和59.71±13.52μMOl PHOTOnS·M-2·S-1)也明显高于羽状蕨藻(rETrMAX和Ik分别为13.72±5.41μMOl E·M-2·S-1和32.67±14.06μMOl PHOTOnS·M-2·S-1),表明石莼和条浒苔有着比羽状蕨藻更高的光合能力和对强光的耐受能力,光保护能力更强;羽状蕨藻较高的rlC初始斜率α表明其在弱光下拥有更强的光捕获能力,弱光下光合效率更高;随光照的增强(0~373μMOl PHOTOnS·M-2·S-1),羽状蕨藻nPQ的增幅有限(0~0.2),最大值仅为条浒苔和石莼的38.1%和62.5%,表明这种藻类更容易受到强光的抑制。因此,在珊瑚养殖的水处理中,可以根据不同的光照选择适宜的藻种或藻种组合并根据光梯度进行布局,反之也可以根据藻种来选择合适的光源,以达到最佳的处理效率。This study investigated the difference of photosynthetic capacity in three macroalgae species( Ulva lactuca,Enteromorpha clathrata,and Caulerpa mexicana) commonly used for nutrient removal in coral aquariums.The photochemical efficiency( Fv/Fm),parameters relevant to rapid light curve( RLC) and non-photochemical quenching( NPQ) in the macroalgae were measured by underwater saturation pulse modulated chlorophyll fluorometer( Diving-PAM).The results showed that Fv/Fmwas 0.808 ± 0.004 for U.lactuca and 0.816 ± 0.009 for E.clathrata,which were higher than that for C.mexicana.Higher maximum relative electron transfer rates( rETRmax)( 17.52 ±2.92 and 19.59 ±4.43 μmol e·m- 2·s- 1) and half-starved value of light intensities( Ik)( 53.41 ±8.18 and 59.71 ±13.52 μmol photons·m- 2·s- 1) were observed in U.lactuca and E.clathrata than that in C.mexicana( 13.72 ± 5.41 μmol e·m- 2·s- 1for rETRmaxand 32.67 ± 14.06 μmol photons·m- 2·s- 1for Ik),indicating that U.lactuca and E.clathrata have stronger photosynthetic capacities,photo-protection capacities and tolerance to higher intense light than C.mexicana.A significantly lower RLC initial slope α in C.mexicana implied that this algal species has a higher photosynthetic capacity under weak light condition.With increasing the light intensity( 0- 373 μmol photons·m- 2·s- 1),however,C.mexicana had a limited increase of NPQ( 0- 0.2),the maximum of which was equivalent to 38.1% of that in U.lactuca and 62.5% of that in E.clathrata.These results indicate that the photosynthesis of E.clathrata may be more easily limited by intense light.Our study suggests that the selection of algal species for nutrient removal in a coral aquarium should be adapted to the light intensity.Single species or the combination of different species of macroalgae can be selected according to the illumination of the coral aquarium in order to maximize the efficiency of nutrient removal.国家海洋局第三海洋研究所基本科研业务项目(海三科2011033); 厦门海洋研究开发院共建项目; 海洋公益性行业科研项目(201105012)资

饲喂不同浓度黄曲霉毒素B_1饲料对异育银鲫成鱼的生长和毒素积累的影响

以含不同浓度黄曲霉毒素B1(AFB1)的配合饲料饲喂异育银鲫(Carassius auratus gibelio)成鱼56d,研究异育银鲫成鱼[(122.3±0.7)g]生长、生理反应、肝脏组织学变化、卵巢发育以及鱼体各组织中的AFB1的毒素积累状况。实验分为5个实验组,不同实验组饲料中AFB1含量分别为0、5、20、50、500μg/kg饲料(实测值分别为2.59、4.12、12.39、46.23、454.07μg/kg饲料),每个处理3个平行。在整个实验过程中各实验组均未表现出外部形态和行为异常,各组存活率均达到100%。各实验组异育银鲫成鱼终末体重、摄食率(FR)、特定生长率(SGR)和饲料效率(FE)均无显著差异。饲料AFB1水平对异育银鲫血清总胆固醇(TC)含量、血清谷丙转氨酶(GPT)、谷草转氨酶(GOT)和碱性磷酸酶(AKP)活性均无显著影响。各毒素组血清超氧化物岐化酶(SOD)活性与对照无显著差异。各毒素组肝脏和卵巢均未见明显的组织学病理变化。肌肉和性腺中的AFB1积累量低于FDA食品安全限定标准(5μg/kg)。肝胰脏中的AFB1积累和饲料中的AFB1水平呈对数关系。饲喂AFB1≥50μg/kg饲料使异育银鲫成鱼肝脏AFB1积累超过安全限量标准。结果表明,异育银鲫成鱼至少可耐受AFB1含量达500μg/kg饲料(实测值:454.07μg/kg饲料)56d

MnO/Nitrogen-doped graphene composite cathode for high performance lithium oxygen batteries

本文采用水热法制备了MnO/氮掺杂石墨烯复合材料. 作为非水锂空气电池的正极催化剂, 该复合材料表现出了优异的电化学性能以及循环稳定性.; 在充放电电流密度为0.05 mA cm~(-2)时, 其能量效率高达84.6%, 远高于目前文献所报道的非贵金属催化剂的能量效率,; 也超过了基于贵金属的催化剂. 其氧还原反应(ORR)和氧析出反应(OER)的过电势分别仅为0.11和0.41 V.; 扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和透射电子显微镜(TEM)结果表明, 所制备的MnO纳米颗粒能够均匀地分散在氮掺杂石墨烯的表面.; 密度泛函理论(DFT)计算揭示, MnO(100)面是主要的催化活性面, 其理论ORR和OER的过电势分别仅为0.21与0.24 V,; 充放电电势差为0.45 V, 与实验结果0.52 V相当.MnO/nitrogen-doped graphene (MnO/NG) composite cathode was fabricated by; a facile one-pot method as cathode catalyst for non-aqueous lithium; oxygen batteries. It exhibited superior electrochemical performance with; higher round-trip efficiency and better cyclic stability. It showed a; high round-trip efficiency of 84.6% at the current density of 0.05 mA; cm~(-2) with the discharge and charge overpotentials of 0.11 and 0.41 V,; respectively. Through scanning electron microscopy, transmission; electron microscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, it was; confirmed that MnO nanoparticles were homogeneously dispersed on NG; surface. The density functional theory calculations demonstrated that; the superior electrochemical performance of MnO/NG might be attribute to; the exposure of stoichiometric MnO (100) surface, with the ORR and OER; overpotential only to be 0.21 and 0.24 V, respectively. The; discharging-charging voltage gap is 0.45 V, in good agreement with the; experimental value of 0.52 V.国家重点基础研究发展计划; 国家自然科学基金; 国家基础科学人才培养基

Autophagy Inhibition by Chloroquine Sensitizes Cervical Cancer SiHa Cells to CPT Treatment

自噬诱导是肿瘤细胞对化疗药物抵抗性的原因之一,该研究探讨溶酶体抑制剂氯喹对喜树碱(camptothecin,CPT)诱导的宫颈癌细胞Si Ha死亡的增敏效果。CPT和/或氯喹处理宫颈癌Si Ha细胞,MTT法检测细胞增殖,DAPI和TUNEL染色观察细胞凋亡,Western blot和免疫荧光检测自噬及凋亡相关蛋白。结果发现,CPT处理后,Si Ha细胞MAP1LC3B荧光点和LC3II(microtubuleassociated protein light chain 3II)蛋白水平增加,p62荧光点和蛋白质水平则减少;而采用氯喹特异抑制自噬后,可明显提高CPT诱导的细胞凋亡、caspase-9的激活和PARP(poly ADP-ribose polymerase)的切割,而全长caspase-2水平显著下降。以上结果提示,氯喹可通过抑制细胞自噬而增强宫颈癌细胞株Si Ha对CPT诱导细胞凋亡的敏感性。The autophagy induction is one of the reasons for the resistance of tumor cells to chemotherapy drugs. In this study, the enhanced sensitivity of cervical cancer Si Ha cells to camptothecin(CPT)-induced cell death by chloroquine(a lysosome inhibitor) was investigated. The cell viability was detected by MTT assay, meanwhile, apoptosis was observed by DAPI and TUNEL, autophagy related proteins and apoptosis proteins were analyzed by immunofluorescence(IF) staining and Western blot in Si Ha cells after CPT treatment alone or combined with chloroquine. The results found that in Si Ha cells with CPT treatment the autophagy related protein LC3 foci and microtubule-associated protein light chain 3II(LC3II) protein level was increased, but p62 foci and protein level was decreased. When autophagy was inhibited by chloroquine, the CPT-induced apoptosis was obviously enhanced, and caspase-9 was activated and PARP was cleaved, but full length caspase-2 was decreased. Taken together, these results indicated that the inhibition of autophagy by chloroquine could sensitize cervical cancer Si Ha cells to CPT inducing cell apoptosis.山西省自然科学基金(批准号:2014021037-9);; 山西医科大学汾阳学院博士启动基金(批准号:1301);山西医科大学汾阳学院科研项目基金(批准号:1422)资助的课题~

Developments and Applications of Paper-based Microfluidics

纸芯片微流控技术是一种新型微流控技术。相比于以玻璃、石英、高聚物等为基底的传统微流控芯片,纸芯片具有成本低、易操作、可携带、耗样量小等优点。该文介绍了纸芯片的发展及常用的制作方法,并举例说明了光度法、荧光法、化学发光及电化学发光法和电化学法在纸芯片检测中的应用;归纳了纸芯片技术在临床诊断、环境监控以及食品安全分析等方面的应用;最后对纸芯片微流控的应用前景进行了展望。Paper-based microfluidics stand out as a new class of microfluidic technology,and present distinguishing features such as low cost,ease of use,portability,and low reagent consumption compared with the conventional microfluidic devices.In this paper,the development of μPADs was first introduced,and the common fabrication techniques were presented.Then the methods for quantitative analysis on μPADs were summarized including colorimetry,fluorescence,chemiluminescence,electrochemiluminescence and electrochemistry with their applications in clinical diagnostics,environmental monitoring as well as food quality control.Finally,the potential and future outlooks ofμPADs were discussed.国家重点基础研究发展计划项目(2010CB732402;2013CB933703); 国家自然科学基金项目(91313302;21205100;21275122); 国家杰出青年科学基金项目(21325522

Bromide-Induced Formation of a Highly Symmetric Silver Thiolate Cluster Containing 36 Silver Atoms from an Infinite Polymeric Silver Thiolate

通讯作者地址: Zheng, NF (通讯作者), Xiamen Univ, State Key Lab Phys Chem Solid Surface, Xiamen 361005, Peoples R China 地址: 1. Xiamen Univ, State Key Lab Phys Chem Solid Surface, Xiamen 361005, Peoples R China 2. Xiamen Univ, Dept Chem, Coll Chem & Chem Engn, Xiamen 361005, Peoples R China 电子邮件地址: [email protected] to its good affinity with Ag+, Br- is able to truncate a silver thiolate polymer and induce the formation of a high-nuclearity silver thiolate nanocluster, [Br@Ag-36(SC(6)H(4)tBu-4)(36)](-) The nanocluster has a disc-like structure with one Br- anion trapped at the center of the cluster in an octahedral coordination.National Natural Science Foundation of China 20871100,20721001,20925103 Natural Science Foundation of Fujian 2009 J06005 Key Scientific Project of Fujian Province 2009HZ0002-