百年战争期间法国领土上的自由军团

百年战争间歇期,大量由失业的雇佣兵聚集而成的自由军团在法国领土上肆虐。除了抢劫和绑架人质索取赎金以外,自由军团更主要的收入来源是征收保护费。自由军团内部组织具有一定民主色彩...国家社会科学基金项目“转型时期欧洲雇佣兵问题研究(1350—1800)”(14BSS045

Electrochemical Nucleation of Au on n-Type Semiconductor Silicon Electrode Surface

在成功实现半导体硅表面电沉积致密金膜的柠檬酸盐镀金实际应用体系中,运用循环伏安和电位阶跃法研究了Au在n型SI(111)电极表面的电沉积过程和成核机理.结果表明,在该体系中,Au在SI表面呈现不可逆电极过程,成核过电位达到250 M V;根据COTTrEll方程求得扩散系数d=(1.81±0.14)x10–4 CM2 S–1;运用SCHArIfkEr-HIllS(SH)理论模型对比分析拟合实验结果,表明Au在n型SI表面遵循扩散控制下的三维连续成核机理;通过扫描电子显微镜观察Au初期成核、生长形貌,进一步证实了Au的三维连续成核机制,并讨论了阶跃电位和阶跃时间对Au核形貌和密度的影响.Cyclic voltammetry and chronoamperometry have been used to investigate the mechanism of gold electrodeposition on the n-Si(111) electrode surface from a citrate bath, which had successfully applied to directly electroplate a dense gold film on the silicon surface.The results show that Au electrodeposition on the n-type silicon surface is an irreversible process, and the nucleation overpotential reaches 250 m V.According to Cottrell equation, the diffusion coefficient(D) is calculated to be(1.81 ± 0.14) × 10-4 cm2 s-1.The Scharifker-Hills(SH) model was used to analyze the experimental data.Agreement between the fitting curves and the theoretical curves confirms that the nucleation process of Au electrodeposition on the n-type silicon surface follows the progressive nucleation mechanism with three-dimensional growth under diffusion control.To further confirm the progressive nucleation mechanism, scanning electron microscopy(SEM) was used to observe the nucleation and growth of Au deposits at the initial stage of electrodeposition.The SEM results show that the morphology and density of the Au deposits are affected by the electrochemical deposition potential and time.国家重大科学仪器设备开发专项(2011YQ03012406); 国家自然科学基金界面电化学创新群体(21321062)及国家自然科学基金(21373172)资助项目~

Specific Release of Bacteriochlorophylls B800 of LH2 from Rhodobacter azotoformans Induced by Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate

采用吸收光谱法研究了十二烷基硫酸钠(SdS)诱导rHOdObACTEr AzOTOfOrMAnS外周捕光复合体lH2细菌叶绿素(bACTErIOCHlOrOPHyllS,bCHlS)的解离行为和规律.结果表明:室温下,在10MMOl？l-1TrIS-HCl(PH8.0)缓冲液中,低浓度SdS只诱导lH2中b800细菌叶绿素解离生成游离bCHlS,而b850不受影响;当浓度达到0.08%(W/V)时,能特异性地诱导b800缺失,其缺失过程和游离bCHlS的生成过程均符合单指数模型,且二者的速率常数近似相等.高浓度SdS能同时诱导b800和b850解离生成游离bCHlS,其中b800可发生缺失,而b850则不完全解离,解离过程均符合单指数模型;b800对SdS更敏感,其解离速率常数约是b850的4倍,游离bCHlS生成速率常数明显低于b800解离速率常数,而与b850解离速率常数相接近.The release behaviors of bacteriochlorophylls of peripheral light-harvesting complex LH2 from Rhodobacter azotoformans induced by sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) were investigated using absorption spectroscopy.The results indicated that bacteriochlorophylls of B800 band are released from their binding sites and transformed into free bacteriochlorophylls by incubating LH2 sample in 10 mmol?L-1 Tris-HCl (pH 8.0) buffer containing SDS of low concentration at room temperature.However, the bacteriochlorophylls of B850 band are not released.The dynamics of B800 release and free BChl formation induced by 0.08% (w/V) SDS can be well fitted by the monoexponential model.The rate constant of B800 release is nearly equal to that of free BChls formation.The release of both B800 and B850 of LH2 can be induced by high concentration SDS, simultaneously.The bacteriochlorophylls of B800 band can be completely transformed into free BChls, but not for B850.Although both of their release processes show monoexponential models in 1% SDS solution, the release rate constant of B850 is remarkably lower than that of B800 and close to that of free BChls formation.国家自然科学基金(No.30970068);国家科技基础条件平台建设(No.2005DKA21209);厦门大学近海海洋环境科学国家重点实验室高级访问学者基金(No.MELRS0907);山西省回国留学人员科研(No.200713)资助项

Evaluation on difference of therapeutic efficacy of Jiawei Xiaoyao Granules and Pills in treatment of emotional disorder during perimenopause based on Greene Climacteric Scale

目的:在前期加味逍遥丸治疗围绝经期情绪障碍具有比较优势的基础上,基于grEEnE量表探讨其颗粒剂和丸剂不同剂型间疗效差异。方法:经筛选后患有情绪障碍的围绝经期女性75例随机等分为A、b、C3组,分别对应采用帕罗西汀、加味逍遥丸和加味逍遥颗粒剂治疗8周。所有患者在治疗前后各进行1次grEEnE及其子因子评定,并在观察期结束时进行TESS评定。结果:grEEnE总分差及其焦虑、抑郁因子分差:3种治疗方法均能改善,且相互间无显著差异;grEEnE性因子和血管因子分差:后二组均优于A组(P<0.01);TESS评分:与A组比较,b、C组均有统计学意义(P<0.01),评分均小于A组,且后二组间无显著差异。结论:加味逍遥的2种剂型间疗效无显著差异,考虑到帕罗西汀的不良反应,治疗该病加味逍遥的2种剂型都值得推荐。Objective: To investigate the difference in therapeutic efficacy between Jiawei Xiaoyao Granules and pills based on the preliminary research of treating emotional disorder during perimenopause with Jiawei Xiaoyao Pills and Greene Climacteric Scale.Methods: 75 female patients with emotional disorder during perimenopause were slected and randomly divided into 3 groups as group A, B and C.Patients in the 3 groups were treated with paroxetine, Jiawei Xiaoyao Pills and Jiawei Xiaoyao Granules respectively for 8 weeks.Greene and Greene factors assessment were carried out in all the patients before and after treatment, and the TESS assessment was carried out at the end of the observation period.Results: The three therapies all could improve the gap in total score of Greene and its factors as anxiety and depressed, and the difference among these three groups was no significant.The factors of Greene and gap in score of vascular factors of group B and C was better than that of group A(P<0.01).The difference in TESS score between group A and group B and C was significant(P<0.01), while the difference between group B and group C was not significant.Conclusion: The difference in curative effect between the two formulations was not significant.Because of the adverse reactions of paroxetine, in the treatment of emotional disorder during perimenopause, the two formulations of Jiawei Xiaoyao Powder were worth to be recommended.国家自然科学青年基金项目(No.81302960)~

The reaction sequence of lithiation in Mg_2Ge and the changes of its electronic structure

Mg2Ge有望成为新的锂离子电池负极材料.使用基于平面波展开的第一性原理赝势法,计算并得到了Li嵌入Mg2Ge负极材料时的反应次序.Li首先占据其中的间隙位置,占满间隙位置后随着嵌Li量的进一步增加,Li将逐步替位Mg2Ge中一半的Mg位置,直到生成Li2MgGe.计算结果表明,在整个嵌Li过程中主体材料的体积先膨胀后收缩,体积胀缩量很大,这是导致Mg2Ge作为锂离子电池电极材料循环性能较差的重要原因.对材料电子结构的分析表明,随着Li嵌入量的增加,主体材料发生了从半导体性到金属性、又到半金属性的转化.Mg_2Ge is a promising new anode material for lithium ion batteries.The ab initio pseudopotential method with the plane wave expansion of the crystal wave function was employed to study the lithiation properties of anode material Mg_2Ge.The reaction sequence of lithiation in Mg_2Ge have been calculated.It was found that Li ions firstly occupy the interstitial sites until the interstitial sites are full,and then substitute the Mg sites until half of the Mg sites are replaced to form the phase of Li_2MgGe.The calculation results also show that the crystal volume firstly expands and then shrinks as the number of Li ions increases.The changes of crystal volume are very big during the whole process which is the cause of bad cycle performance of the material.The electronic structures are also analyzed,which indicates that the host material changes from semiconducting to metallic then to semiconducting with the increase of Li intercalations.国家自然科学基金(批准号:10774124);; 国家重点基础研究发展规划(批准号:2007CB209702);; 福建省自然科学基金(批准号:E0410025)资助的课题~

Characterization of CeO_2-LnO_(1.5) Solid Solutions and Their Behavior in Catalytic Combustion of Methane

向CEO2中引入ln3+离子后形成的CEO2-lnO1.5（ln=lA，nd，SM，gd）固溶体（n（CE）：n（ln）=1：1）是一种无贵金属的新型高效甲烷燃烧催化剂.比表面、Xrd、rAMAn、TEM等分析证实，这类固溶体具有部分畸变的萤石结构，ln3+进入晶格后诱发的结构变化使得团溶体的表面和本体能同时参与氧化还原反应.实验表明，该固态溶液体系是甲烷催化燃烧的良好催化剂.A series of ceria-lanthanide oxide CeO2-LnO1.5 (Ln=La, Nd, Sm, Gd) solu solutions were prepared in n(Ce): n(Ln) ratio of 1: 1 by coprecipitation method.Their partlydistorted Fluorite structures were revealed by speciFic surFace, XRD, Raman spectrum andTEM results.The structure change of the solid solution due to the entering of Ln3+ ions intoCeO2 lattice could make both the surFace and bulk of the solid solution participate in the redox reaction simultaneously.The solid solutions were Found to be highly active For catalyticcombustion of methane

Lithium Extraction Properties in Anode Material Li_(2.5)Cu_(0.5)N for Lithium Ion Batteries

使用基于平面波展开的第一原理赝势法,计算了锂离子电池非碳基负极材料Li2.5Cu0.5N在各种脱锂量下的Li脱嵌形成能以及相应的体积变化,讨论了脱锂前后材料的电荷密度,电子状态密度等电子性质.计算表明,Li2.5Cu0.5N晶体中LiN层的锂的脱出能要比LiCu层的锂小得多,即LiN层中的锂更容易脱嵌.结果还表明,各种脱锂量的Li脱嵌能大致在-2.72~-4.08 eV/Li之间.当脱锂量小于30%,材料的体积变化较小,随着脱锂量的增大,材料的体积变化较大.The ab initio pseudopotential method with the plane wave expansion of the crystal wavefunction was employed to study the non-carbon-basing anode material Li_(2.5)Cu_(0.5)N for lithium ion batteries.The lithium deintercalation formation energies and the corresponding changes of crystal volumes under various amounts of lithium deintercalations are presented.The charge densities and the electronic density of states for the lithium extraction in Li_(2.5)Cu_(0.5)N are also discussed.The calculation results show that the Li extraction in the LiN layer is much easier than that in the LiCu layer.The deintercalation formation energies per lithium are around-2.72 eV to-4.08 eV for different amount of lithium extracted.The changes of volume are small for lithium extraction at <30%,however,the changes are large when the extractions are further increased.国家自然科学基金(10374076);; 福建省自然科学基金(E0410025)资