International Comparison on the Structure of the Government Expenditure

政府支出影响着一国社会的发展路径 ,因此探求一国政府支出的决定因素或规律有助于科学地确定政府支出结构 ,从而从政府支出角度给社会有序地推动。文章在占有大量数据及进行深入分析基础上 ,对此作了系统的探讨。The development routine of a country is influenced bythe expenditure of its government. For this reason, it is helpful to set up the structure of the government expenditure scientifically and push the society forward orderly with government expenditure if we can find the law or dominated factors of the structure of government expenditure. Based on large amount of data and deep analysis, this article presents a systematic discussion in this field

建立基金评估制度的经济学意义

我国《证券投资基金管理暂行办法》（下称《办法》）于1997年11月14日由国务院证券委员会发布，确定了我国今后大力发展基金的基调和方向。这也是我国自1992年第一家规范化基金出现以来，基金管理纳入法制化轨道的关键一步。毫无疑问，《办法》的通过，寄希望..

Numerical investigation of flow structures resulting from the interaction between an oblique detonation wave and an upper expansion corner

Wedge-induced oblique detonation waves (ODWs) have been studied widely, but their interactions with complicated geometries have not been fully addressed. In this study, we investigate ODW interaction with a deflected upper corner due to confinement change upstream of the ODW. Numerical simulations are conducted using the reactive Euler equations with a two-step induction-reaction kinetic model. Two ODWs without the upper wall deflection are first simulated to resolve the basic structures with inflow Mach numbers M-0 = 6 and 7. Thereafter, we introduce a deflected upper confinement, resulting in a new wave configuration. This wave is characterized by a post-turning, triangular recirculation zone coupled with a gaseous wedge connecting the deflection point and ODW surface. A parametric study is performed to analyse the effects of the deflection location, deflection angle and activation energy of the heat release reaction. The results reveal that the wave configuration is due to the evolution of ODW decoupling in an expanded supersonic flow. We further study the surface stability and structural unsteadiness arising for M-0 = 6. Upstream-travelling transverse waves are observed for the first time, and effects of different parameters on the surface instability are analysed via fast Fourier transforms. Two destabilizing mechanisms of ODW structures are proposed, one from the post-surface thermal choking and the other from the enhanced surface instability

物价变动统计在国民经济核算中的新发展

如何准确测定物价变动的影响是物价变动统计的主要内容。几个世纪以来，人们进行了不懈的努力，并取得了丰硕的成果。但直到目前为止，对物价变动现象研究仍在继续。主要是从两方面入手：一方面从准确估计核算期间的物价变动幅度出发，进一步改进物价指数的编制；另一方面从对物价变动现象的进一步理解出发，将对物价变动的研究推进到核算期内，深入评估核算期内物价变动的影响。这两方面从两个角度对现有物价变动统计进行了弥补。 本文在简要评述了以往物价变动统计的历史之后，主要是从上述两个方面进行论述。 第一部分指出以往的物价变动统计主要停留于对物价指数的编制，虽然理论体系已蔚为大观，但仍然忽视了上述两个问题。 第二部分...学位：经济学硕士院系专业：经济学院计划统计系_统计学学号：19961000

A Preliminary Discussion on Accounting of Price Changes in the Period

改革开放20年来，由于经济体制和价格机制的转轨，我国历经过数次在通货膨胀或通货紧缩的情况下，物价节节上升或下跌的局面。持续的物价变动对国民经济核算产生了巨大的影响，基于这一原因，本文试图在区分核算期之间（下面简称期间）与核算期之内（下面简称期内）物价...Abstract Accounting of price chnages is the basis of national account and a necesary requirement for its accuracy.The price changes between and within the accounting period are the main contents .It has not been paid much attention to for the analysis on this area in home theoratic circle.A preliminary discussion was made in this paper on the theories and methodologies of price change accounting in the period in order to promote the development of research in this area

共建民族和谐中国特色社会主义的本质要求——中央“12条”与马克思主义民族理论中国化研究之九

本文从建导的角度学习领会中央12条应对民族问题“三个关系”方面的方略。全文集中诠释第九条,大致分成四个部分:首先强调准确把握我国民族关系的本质特征,继而阐释我国各民族之间“三个离不开”的血肉联系,从而进一步指出通过“四个互相”的途径不断巩固民族大团结,最后归结于为和谐社会建导和谐的民族关系

Steadiness of wave complex induced by oblique detonation wave reflection before an expansion corner

Oblique detonation wave (ODW) reflection before an expansion corner leads to a sophisticated wave complex, whose steadiness is critical to achieve a practical oblique detonation engine. Both steady and unsteady wave complexes have been observed before, but the features of unsteady wave dynamics with related unsteadiness rules are still unclear so far. In this study, the ODW reflections before an expansion corner have been simulated using the reactive Euler equations with a two-step induction-reaction kinetic model, and the wave complex structures and dynamics have been analyzed correspondingly. Three subsonic zones have been distinguished, and their interactions were found to determine the wave complex steadiness. The main subsonic zone derives from the ODW reflection, which locates behind the Mach stem, while two other subsonic zones form due to the shock reflection downstream. The two downstream subsonic zones might travel upstream and combine with the main subsonic zone, resulting in two different unsteadiness modes. These wave complex dynamics were analyzed with respect to the deflection location, deflection angle and inflow Mach number, leading to the boundaries of combustion modes and ascertaining the rule of mode regime. Some transient phenomena related with the flow instability have been also discussed, clarifying fine flow structures further. (C) 2021 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved