Fine root distribution, seasonal pattern and production in a native forest and monoculture plantations in subtropical China

作者简介: 杨玉盛(1964～ ) , 男, 福建仙游人, 博士, 教授, 主要从事亚热带常绿阔叶林C、N 循环研究。E2mail: [email protected] tt. fj. cn 致谢: 福建农林大学蔡丽平、林瑞余、谢锦升, 陈爱玲、陈清山、邹双全、李春林, 硕士研究生郭剑芬、刘艳丽、岳永杰、于占源、江淼华、卢豪良等, 及莘口教学林场郑燕明、刘春华、王巧珍、陈辉等参加了项目研究[中文文摘] 通过对福建三明格氏栲天然林及在其采伐迹地上营造的33年生格氏栲人工林和杉木人工林细根分布、季节动态与净生产力进行的为期3a(1999～2001)的研究,结果表明,格氏栲天然林、格氏栲和杉木人工林活细根生物量分别为4.944t/hm2、3.198t/hm2和1.485t/hm2,死细根生物量分别为3.563t/hm2、2.749t/hm2和1.287t/hm2;死细根生物量占总细根生物量的比例分别为41.9%、46.2%和46.4%;0.05);活细根生物量最大值均出现在3月份,最小值一般出现在5～7月份或11～翌年1月份间。0～10cm表土层格氏栲天然林活细根生物量高达295.65g/m2,分别是格氏栲人工林和杉木人工林的2.4倍和8.1倍;该层格氏栲天然林活细根生物量占全部活细根生物量的59.8%,均高于格氏栲人工林(39.07%)和杉木人工林(24.51%)。格氏栲天然林、格氏栲人工林和杉木人工林细根分解1a后的干重损失率分别为68.34%～80.13%、63.51%～77.95%和47.69%～60.78%;年均分解量分别为8.747、5.143和2.503t/hm2;死亡量分别为8.632、5.148和2.492t/hm2;年均净生产量分别为8.797、5.425和2.513t/hm2,年周转速率分别为1.78、[英文文摘]In the last decades, large scale native forests have been converted to fast growing and high yield commercial forest plantations to meet the demands for timber, fuel material, and other forest products. Some silvicultural measures, such as planting pure stands, clear cutting and slash burning, have been widely applied during this conversion. Yield decline and land deterioration in such disturbed ecosystem has become serious. In this context, the ecological comparisons between native forests and monoculture plantations are necessary in providing the implications for sustainable management. Few studies on fine roots dynamics have been conducted within these ecosystems though the importance of fine roots in carbon and nutrient cycling has been increasingly emphasized due to their rapid turnover rates. Two 33 year old plantations, Chinese fir (Cunninghamia lanceolata, CF) and Castanopsis kawakamii (CK), were chosen to examine fine root (005). An early spring flush of root biomass (March) was found in these three forests, and the minimum value mainly occurred during May July or November January. For the NF, 598% of root biomass was found in the top soil of 0～10 cm, a layer that maximum depth distribution difference among these forests occurred, where root biomass of the NF was 237 times and 812 times as much as that of the CK and the CF, respectively. Percentages of original mass lost during the first year of decomposition ranged from 4379%～5631% for the FH to 6834%～8013% for the NF Mean annual root decomposition, mortality and production ranged from 847 t/(hm 2·a), 8632 t/(hm 2·a) and 95 t/(hm 2·a) in the NF to 2503 t/(hm 2·a), 2492 t/(hm 2·a) and 2513 t/(hm 2·a) in the CF. The mean root turnover rate ranged from 178 times/a in the NF to 169 times/a in the CF.国家自然科学基金资助项目(30170770);福建省自然科学基金资助项目(B0110025);高等学校优秀青年教师教学科研奖励计划资助项目;福建省基础研究重大资助项目(2000-F-004

Energy of forest floor in natural and monoculture plantation forests of Castanopsis kawakamii

通过对福建三明格氏栲天然林及在其采伐迹地上营造的33年生格氏栲人工林和杉木人工林枯枝落叶层各组分热值及能量现存量的研究表明,格氏栲天然林、格氏栲人工林和杉木人工林枯叶的干重热值和去灰分热值从未分解层(L层)到半分解层(F层)均不断下降.格氏栲天然林枯枝落叶层能量现存量达16 125.72 kJ.m-2,分别比格氏栲人工林和杉木人工林枯枝落叶层能量现存量高24.29%和81.63%.在枯枝落叶层组成中,枯叶能量现存量所占比例最大,3种林分枯枝落叶层枯叶分别占63.76%、56.32%和43.64%;枯枝的能量现存量次之. 【英文摘要】 Caloric value and the standing crop of energy of forest floor were studied in a natural forest of Castanopsis kawakamii (NF) and adjacent monoculture plantations of C.kawakamii(CK) and Chinese fir(Cunninghamia lanceolata,CF) in Sanming,Fujian,China.The results showed that gross caloric values of leaf litter in the NF,CK and CF were higher in the L layer than those in the F layer,which was the same for ash free caloric values.The standing crop of energy in forest floor of the NF was 16 125.72 kJ·m~(-2),being...高等学校优秀青年教师教学科研奖励计划资助项

Synthesis and Redox Study for Complex C_(60)Pt(CO)(Pph_3)

采用配体取代法 ,即在惰性气氛下以C60 取代Pt(CO) 2 (Pph3 ) 2 中的CO及Pph3 ,合成了C60 Pt(CO)(Pph3 )富勒烯金属配合物 ,利用元素分析、红外光谱、紫外可见光谱、光电子能谱等手段对产物进行鉴定和表征 ,结果表明 ,C60 以σ-π配位方式与Pt形成了稳定的 η2 型C60 配合物 .由于该分子存在超共轭作用 ,分子内电子流动性大 ,因而该配合物可能具有良好的光电转化性能及催化性能 .氧化还原性能研究表明 ,C60 在与金属有机基团Pt(CO) (Pph3 )形成配合物后 ,其还原电位向负方向发生了移动Fullerene and it′s dervant have unique poperties on physics and chemistry. The main purpose of the synthesis of new type fullerene complexes is to exploit the applications of fullerene and it′s dervant as functional materials. The method of ligand substituting was employed, by which, the fullerene complexe C 60Pt(CO)(Pph 3)has been perpared by the reaction of C 60 replacing the ligands CO and Pph 3 in Pt(CO) 2(Pph 3) 2 under a nitrogen atmosphere and refluxing. The title compound was characterized by elemental analysis, FT-IR, UV-vis, XPS. The results show that the structure of purposeful product is that the ligands CO and Pph 3 take up two coordination sites of the central metal, and C 60 take up another two sites in σ-π feeback pattern. The electron flowing power of the molecule is strong, because of super conjugation in the molecule. The complexe may have super poperties on photoelectricity and catalysis. The result of redox research indicates that the reduction potential of the complexe is more negative than that of pure C 60.福建省自然科学基金 (E0 110 0 0 2 )资助课题;; 高等学校博士学科点专项科研基金 (980 384 10 )资助课题;; 厦门大学校级自选课题基金资

GUO Jian-fen1; 2; YANG Yu-sheng2*; CHEN Guang-shui2; LIN Peng1 1 College of Life Science; Xiamen University; Xiamen; P. R. China 2 College of Geography Science; Fujian Normal University; Fuzhou; P. R. China;

尽管溶解有机碳(DOC)和溶解有机氮(DON)在森林养分循环中的作用日渐为人们所关注,但对它们的浓度及动态,特别是对亚热带森林DOC 和DON 的研究甚少。本文于2002 年通过野外天然降水及亚热带木荷和杉木人工林(monoculture plantations of Schima superba and Cunninghamia lanceolata,15 年生)穿透雨和树干茎流各水样的收集及室内各水样中DOC、NO3 -N、NH4 -N 和总溶解有机氮(TDN)浓度的测- +定,其中DON 浓度通过TDN 与NO3 -N、NH4 -N 的浓度差值来计算,- +结果表明,天然降水DOC 和DON 浓度分别为1.7 和0.13 mg·L-1。木荷人工林穿透雨DOC 和DON 浓度分别为11.2 和0.24 mg·L-1,高于杉木人工林的DOC 和DON 浓度(10.3 和0.19 mg·L-1)。杉木人工林树干茎流DOC 和DON 浓度(分别为19.1 和0.66 mg·L-1)明显高于木荷人工林(分别为17.6 和0.48 mg·L-1)。天然降水DOC 浓度的月变化不明显,而DON 浓度在夏季和秋季较高。... 【英文摘要】 Despite growing attention to the role of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and dissolved organic nitrogen (DON) in forest nutrient cycling, their monthly concentration dynamics in forest ecosystems, especially in subtropical forests only were little known. The goal of this study is to measure the concentrations and monthly dynamics of DOC and DON in precipitation, throughfall and stemflow for two planta- tions of Schima superba (SS) and Chinese fir (Cunninghamia lanceolata, CF) in Jianou, Fujian, China. Sample...This study was supported by the Teaching and Research Award program for MOE P. R. C. (TRAPOYT)

Content and distribution of unprotected soil organic carbon in natural and monoculture plantation forests of Castanopsis kawakamii in subtropical China

通过对福建三明格氏栲天然林及在其采伐迹地上营造的 33年生格氏栲人工林和杉木人工林土壤非保护性有机 C含量及分配的研究 ,结果表明 ,格氏栲天然林 0～ 10 0 cm土层内土壤有机 C贮量分别是格氏栲人工林和杉木人工林的 1.17倍和1.35倍 ,轻组有机 C贮量分别是后两者的 1.6 4倍和 2 .16倍 ,而颗粒有机 C贮量则分别是后两者的 1.6 0倍和 3.4 3倍 ,其土壤轻组有机 C和颗粒有机 C的分配比例亦显著高于后两者。不同林分间差异均以 0～ 10 cm土层为最大 ,该层格氏栲天然林土壤有机 C含量分别是格氏栲和杉木人工林的 1.5 2倍和 1.6 3倍 ,轻组有机 C含量分别是后两者的 1.70倍和 2 .14倍 ,而颗粒有机C含量则分别是后两者的 2 .18倍和 4 .85倍。这种差异与经营人工林时进行皆伐、炼山、整地等对林地干扰强度较大、幼林郁闭前产生水土流失及凋落物、枯死细根归还量减少等有关。土壤轻组有机 C和颗粒有机 C可作为土壤有机 C库变化的较为敏感指标 ,同时亦可指示土壤肥力演变。 【英文摘要】 Soil organic carbon (SOC) pool plays an important role in mitigating the rise of atmospheric CO_2. Due to its relatively unprotected (biochemical and physical) status, the unprotected SOC, be measured as either the light fraction (LFOC) or particulate organic carbon (POC), is sensitive to management practices and could contribute highly to rise in atmospheric CO_2 when inappropriate managements are employed. In South China, large-scale native forests have been converted to fast-growth and high yield commerc...教育部高校优秀青年教师教学科研奖励计划资助项目 ;; 福建省基础研究重大资助项目 (2 0 0 0 -F-0 0 4)~

芪参益气滴丸对ApoE基因敲除小鼠动脉粥样硬化中调节性T细胞的影响

目的:研究芪参益气滴丸对动脉粥样硬化中调节性T细胞的影响。方法:采用6周龄雄性C57BL/6J小鼠和Apo E基因敲除小鼠,分为正常组、模型组、芪参低剂量组、芪参高剂量组,每组6只。除正常组外,其他3组小鼠均给予高脂饲料喂养,药物组还给予高、低剂量的芪参益气滴丸,8周后评价内脏指数、动脉粥样硬化病变、调节性T细胞情况。结果:与模型组比较,芪参高剂量组可显著降低肝指数(P<0.05),减少动脉粥样硬化斑块面积(P<0.05,P<0.01),并增加脾脏调节性T细胞数量(P<0.01)。结论:芪参益气滴丸可能通过增加脾脏调节性T细胞数量抑制动脉粥样硬化形成。福建省自然科学基金项目(No.2016J01413);;广东省自然科学基金项目(No.2016A030313860);;教育部留学回国人员科研启动基金项目(No.2015-311);;教育部“新世纪优秀人才支持计划”项目(No.NCET-13-0505);;国家重点研发计划“重大慢性非传染性疾病防控研究”重点专项(No.2016YFC1305903)~

资源性植物提取物的抗氧化机理及其在饲料中的应用

近年来大量研究表明,天然植物抗氧化剂由于高效、低毒已成为抗氧化制品研究开发的热点。本文针对我国特有的资源性植物,综述了茶叶以及几种大面积栽培的资源性植物及其提取物的抗氧化机理,并展望其在饲料中的应用前景

Nutrient dynamics of decomposing leaf litter in natural and monoculture plantation forests of Castanopsis kawakamii in subtropical China

通过对中亚热带格氏栲天然林 (natural forest of Castanopsis kawakamii,约 15 0 a)、格氏栲和杉木人工林 (monocultureplantations of C.kawakamii and Cunninghamia lanceolata,33年生 )凋落叶分解过程中养分动态的研究表明 ,各凋落叶分解过程中 N初始浓度均发生不同程度的增加后下降 ;除格氏栲天然林中其它树种叶和杉木叶 P浓度先增加后下降外 ,其它均随分解过程而下降 ;除杉木叶外 ,其它类型凋落叶的 Ca和 Mg浓度呈上升趋势 ;凋落叶 K浓度均随分解过程不断下降。养分残留率与分解时间之间存在着指数函数关系 xt=x0 e- kt。凋落叶分解过程中各养分释放常数分别为 :N (k N) 0 .6 78～ 4 .0 88;P (k P)0 .6 2 1～ 4 .30 8;K(k K) 1.4 0 8～ 4 .4 2 1;Ca (k Ca) 0 .799～ 3.75 6 ;Mg (k Mg) 0 .837～ 3.894。除杉木叶外 ,其它凋落叶分解过程中均呈 k K>k P>k N>k Mg>k Ca的顺序... 【英文摘要】 Nutrient dynamics of decomposing leaf litter was studied in two 33-year-old plantations, Chinese fir (Cunninghamia lanceolata, CF) and Castanopsis kawakamii (CK), and compared with that of an adjacent natural forest of Castanopsis kawakamii (NF, ~150 year old) in Sanming, Fujian, China. During the decomposition, varying degree of initial increase followed by decrease of N concentrations was observed in leaf litter, while initial increase and then decrease of P concentration was only found in leaves of other...教育部高等学校优秀青年教师奖资助项目;; 教育部高等学校骨干教师资助计划资助项目 ;; 福建省重大基础研究资助项目 (2 0 0 0 F 0 0 4)~

A Review on Litter Decomposition in Forest Ecosystem

系统评述森林凋落物的分解过程、凋落物分解及养分释放的影响因素、分解研究的方法等。森林凋落物的分解既有物理过程,又有生物化学过程,一般由淋溶、自然粉碎、代谢作用等共同完成。凋落物分解过程先后出现分解速率较快和较慢2个阶段,元素迁移一般呈现淋溶-富集-释放的模式。凋落物分解主要受气候、凋落物性质、微生物和土壤动物的影响,气候是最基本的影响因素,常用实际蒸散(actualevapotranspiration简称AET)作为指标。凋落物分解速率呈明显的气候地带性,与温度、湿度等紧密相关。从全球尺度来讲,凋落物质量对分解速率的影响处于次要地位,但在同一气候带内因AET变化较小,则起了主导作用。N、P和木质素浓度、C/N、C/P、木质素与养分比值是常见的凋落物质量指标,其中C/N和木质素/N最能反映凋落物分解速率。凋落物化学性质对其分解的影响作用又与分解阶段有关。凋落叶中N、P、K初始浓度高使得初期分解较快,而后期分解放慢。土壤理化性质及微生物区系也将不同程度地影响凋落物分解。尼龙网袋法(litterbagmethod)操作简单,是野外测定森林凋落物分解速率最常用的方法。除此之外,缩微试验也得到了广泛应用。目前普遍采用的... 【英文摘要】 Decomposition of forest litter and simultaneous release of bioelements is one of the fundamental pathway of the flow of nutrient and energy in forest ecosystems, and an important component of the global carbon budget. The aim of this review is to summarize the changes of nutrient and chemical components during the decomposition, the factors controlling litter decay rate and its measurement. Decomposition of plant litter refers to the physical and chemical processes involved in reducing litter to its element...教育部高等学校优秀青年教师奖资助项目;; 教育部高等学校骨干教师资助计划资助项目