临床药师在药品不良反应监测中的专业作用

目的探讨在大型综合医院药品不良反应(Adr)监测工作中,临床药师的专业作用。方法临床药师实施对Adr的全程监测,并对其进行有效干预。结果充分发挥药师专业特长,促进临床合理用药,降低Adr的发生。结论临床药师在Adr监测工作中有重要的专业作用

微重力池沸腾中的气泡行为实验研究

采用图像分析方法,对实践十号返回式科学实验卫星沸腾气泡实验项目获得的微重力单气泡过冷沸腾实验图像进行研究,提取并分析了微重力条件下单个气泡的生长过程.实验中观察到气泡激发形成、稳定黏附生长和滑移三个阶段,其中气泡稳定黏附生长又可分为底部扩张与回退两个子阶段.在气泡稳定黏附生长的底部扩张子阶段,气泡半径可以表示为时间的指数函数,时间指数从初期小气泡时的0.42减小到中期的0.28,最终趋于0.气泡尺寸在气泡底部收缩之初略有回调,随后再次缓慢增大,直到过冷液体完全侵入气泡底部,使气泡与加热面脱离,并在外界扰动作用下在加热面上滑移.相关数据可以作为沸腾现象中气泡热动力学分析的依据

ZnSe/MoO3/TiO2复合膜的制备及其光生阴极保护效应

针对TiO2半导体不能有效吸收可见光,光电转换效率较低等问题,可通过对TiO2半导体进行修饰和改性,制备TiO2复合材料,提高其光电化学性能。因此,本工作以Ti表面制备的TiO2纳米管膜为基础,分别应用循环伏安电沉积法和脉冲电沉积法在膜表面先后沉积MoO3和ZnSe颗粒,获得具有级联能带结构的ZnSe/MoO3/TiO2纳米管复合膜,并将其应用于对403不锈钢（403SS）实施光生阴极保护。相较于纯TiO2纳米管膜,紫外-可见（UV-Vis）吸收光谱和光致发光（PL）谱测试表明,ZnSe/MoO3/TiO2复合膜的吸收边红移,在可见光区具有良好的光吸收性能,光生载流子复合得到更有效抑制。光电化学测试表明,白光照射下,处于0.5 mol·L-1 KOH溶液中的ZnSe/MoO3/TiO2复合膜的光电流密度达到了同条件下纯TiO2膜的2倍,可使与之耦连的浸泡于0.5 mol·L-1 NaCl溶液中的403SS电极电位下降470 mV,显示出良好的光生阴极保护效应。复合膜还具有一定的储能特性,在光照后又转为暗态的22.5 h内仍对403SS具有一定阴极保护作用。国家自然科学基金(21573182,51731008,51671163,21621091,J1310024)资助项目~

HPLC法测定藏药镰形棘豆中鼠李柠檬素-3-O-β-新橙皮糖苷的含量

目的:建立镰形棘豆中鼠李柠檬素-3-O-β-新橙皮糖苷的含量测定方法,同时比较药材的不同部位经不同溶剂提取后所得含量。方法:采用HPLC法,色谱柱:Symmetry C18柱(4.6mm×250mm,5μm);流动相:1%乙酸水溶液-乙腈(79:21);流速:1.0mL/min;检测波长:350nm。结果:鼠李柠檬素-3-O-β-新橙皮糖苷在20-100μg/mL范围内线性关系良好(r=0.9995),平均回收率为99.49%,RSD=1.30%。溶剂对该化合物的提取率由高至低依次为甲醇,95%乙醇、水;药材叶中含量比根高。结论:本法简便、准确、重现性好,可用于该药材或相关制剂的质量控制;药材不同部位经不同溶剂提取所得含量差别较大

毕赤酵母分泌表达嵌合HEV表位的HBcAg颗粒

在毕赤酵母分泌表达嵌合有HEV受体相关表位12A10的HBcAg蛋白,经甲醇诱导后的培养液上清通过切向流浓缩、更换缓冲液后,进行疏水层析纯化.CsCl等密度梯度离心测得分泌的重组颗粒的密度为1.32 g/mL.透射电镜观察显示,纯化的重组颗粒为均一的直径30 nm左右的空心颗粒.小鼠免疫实验表明,纯化颗粒免疫8周后鼠血清中的特异性12A10抗体滴度可达到1.6×105,并且重组颗粒较好地呈递了HEV受体相关的非免疫优势表位.本文的结果为毕赤酵母胞外分泌表达其它大尺度的重组蛋白颗粒提供了参考,为研究携带表位多肽的疫苗载体提供了范例

核态池沸腾传热现象中的重力标度规律

沸腾过程极强的热传递能力使其在地面常重力环境和空间微重力环境都有着广泛应用.重力是影响沸腾传热性能的重要因素,关于重力影响规律的研究对相关空间应用具有重要意义.本文回顾了有关核态池沸腾传热重力标度规律的研究现状和进展,特别对基于地基短时失重飞机准稳态沸腾实验结果提出的Raj-Kim-McQuillen重力标度律模型(RKM模型)进行了详细评述,讨论了其中关于核态池沸腾曲线起、止端点(沸腾起始点和临界热流点)及其渐近性能的基本假设和隐含假设.通过与经验知识(包括实验观测数据和数值模拟结果)比较,明确了RKM模型的贡献与不足,建议了进一步的低重力实验和深入系统的数值模拟等,以推进该领域研究深入开展

Highly expanded flashing liquid jets in vacuum environment

In some situations, a pressurized liquid may suddenly be exposed to a low-pressure environment. If the environmental pressure is lower than the corresponding saturation pressure at the injection temperature, the liquid will undergo a fast phase transition process, commonly known as liquid flashing. Fundamental knowledge of the mechanism of flashing liquid jet plays an important role in environmental control systems of space vehicles. In the present study, liquid jets into a vacuum environment are studied experimentally. A long, straight stainless steel capillary with an inner diameter of 0.23 mm and a length of 17.0 mm is used as the nozzle, which is connected with a syringe. Through a solenoid valve, a test vessel is connected with a vacuum chamber with a volume of about 800 times bigger than that of the test vessel. Distilled water of about 1 mL is filled in the syringe at first, while the syringe is open to the ambient. Then, opening the solenoid valve, the air inside the test vessel will be evacuated quickly, resulting in a quick depressurization and a low backpressure inside the test vessel. The water in the syringe is then driven by the difference between the ambient pressure and the backpressure, to form a high-expanded flashing liquid jet into the test vessel. For the case of low initial temperature and high backpressure, there is no evaporation, and then the flow of the liquid jet from the nozzle exit section remains intact and follows a straight path. On the other hand, if the initial temperature is high and/or the backpressure is low enough to lead a superheated exit condition, evaporation will take place, irregular evaporation waves around the liquid core are visible, and the jet shattering occurs. On further decreasing the backpressure, the liquid jet shatters giving rise to a cloud of droplets with a spray angle usually bigger than 90 degree, indicating a large number of nucleation sites and rapid bubble growth. It is also shown that there is flow choking behavior as the flow rate becomes constant and insensitive to pressure reduction below some backpressure threshold. It's also evident that the boundary of the flashing liquid jet is under a highly unsteady state. Regular and steady shape of the flashing liquid jets with evaporation wave and shock wave presented in the literature may be not suitable in the present cases

跨介质航行器弹性舵翼空化流固耦合仿真分析

跨介质航行器水中航行过程中的流固耦合效应是影响航行稳定性和结构安全性的关键问题。基于径向基函数法和模态叠加方法,开展跨介质航行器水中运动过程中空化流动与结构振动的耦合仿真,对航行器三角型截面舵翼的流固耦合效应进行研究,分析了不同攻角下的空泡形态以及舵翼与空化流动的相互作用。分析结果表明,在来流攻角为2°～6°时,航行器及舵翼几乎被包在超空泡内部。当来流攻角为8°时,舵翼的自由端会穿透空泡界面,使其所受水动力比小攻角条件下大一个量级,振动特征也更为复杂