新疆雪莲资源的利用、研发与保护

雪莲(Saussurea)是位于中国西部高山地区的珍稀名贵药材之一,由于疗效显著,在少数民族地区习用已久。近年来,随着在基础研究和应用开发方面的不断深入,雪莲成为一种具有广泛医疗和保健作用的新型中药品种。本文首先概述了雪莲这一珍稀物种的分类和分布情况,并从其三大营养器官———根、茎、叶和生殖器官———花、种子各自的生殖和生理特征分别阐述了雪莲对其特殊生存环境的适应机理;对近二十年来从事这方面研究的工作者分离鉴定出的雪莲有效化学成分进行了整理,以期为今后的研究工作提供一些便利和参考;雪莲诸多药理作用的总结和目前所开发的滋补品、医药制品等雪莲制品在日常生活和临床应用中的作用进一步证实了它的药用价值;身为一名从事药用植物资源研究的工作者,面对雪莲自然资源日益匮乏的局面,笔者提出了六项管理措施仅供参考;在总结前人和自己所做工作的基础上,将雪莲有待于开发或具有进一步开发潜能的八个方面罗列出来,希望和广大工作者一起努力,为我国药用植物资源的开发和利用贡献一份力量

Association of dietary patterns with metabolic syndrome among residents in Xiamen city

目的探讨福建省厦门市居民膳食模式与代谢综合征(MS)及其组分之间关系。方法本研究于2015年12月-2016年9月采用多阶段分层整群随机抽样的方; 法,对厦门市2; 508名≥18岁居民进行膳食调查、体格测量及生化指标检测,采用因子分析法确定膳食模式,分析不同膳食模式与MS及其组分的关系。结果因子分析结果得出; 调味品模式、沿海特色模式、奶类少油模式、水果蔬菜模式4种膳食模式;多因素logistic回归分析显示,控制混杂因素后,调味品模式是MS组分高血压; 的危险因素(最高三分位数相对于最低三分位数的比值,即T3:T1OR=1.60,95%CI=1.19~2.15),奶类少油模式是MS(T3:T1; OR=0.47,95%CI=0.30~0.75)和高血压(T3:T1; OR=0.49,95%CI=0.36~0.65)的保护因素;未发现沿海特色模式和水果蔬菜模式与MS及其组分之间存在统计学关联。结论膳食模式与MS; 及其组分血压发现水平存在一定关联,减少食用盐、食用油的摄入、增加奶类的摄入,对预防MS及其组分血压水平有重要意义。Objective To explore the relationship between dietary pattern and; metabolic syndrome (MS) in residents of Xiamen city. Methods Using; multistage stratified cluster random sampling,2 508 residents were; selected to receive a dietary survey and anthropometric and biochemical; measures from December 2015 to September 2016.Factor analysis was used; to identify food patterns based on the dietary survey.Chi-square test; and logistic regression were used to analyze the relationship between; food patterns and MS and its components. Results Four dietary patterns; were identified,including condiment,sea food,more milk and less oil,and; fruits and vegetables pattern.After adjusting for potential confounding; factors,the upper tertile (T3) of the condiment pattern was associated; with higher risks of hypertension compared with the lowest tertile; (T1)(T3:T1 odds ratio[OR]=1.60,95% confidence; interval[95%CI]=1.19-2.15).T3 of the more milk and less oil pattern was; associated with lower risks of MS and hypertension compared with the; T1(T3:T1 OR=0.47,95%CI=0.30-0.75;T3:T1 OR=0.49,95%CI=0.36-0.65).No; correlation was found between the sea food pattern,fruits and vegetables; pattern with MS and its components. Conclusion Dietary patterns are; associated with MS and blood pressure levels.Limiting intake of table; salt and oil,increasing intake of milk may play important roles in the; prevention of MS and high blood pressure

Progress in Studies on Relationship between Red Meat Intake, N-Glycolylneuraminic Acid and Cancer Risk

世界癌症研究基金会报告指出,过多摄入红肉会增加患癌症的风险,红肉可能是导致某些癌症的原因之一。有研究得出,摄入红肉后身体内产生的一种唾液酸——n-羟乙酰神经氨酸(n-glyCOlylnEurAMInIC ACId,nEu5gC)可能与癌症的发生有关。本文从红肉与癌的关系,引出对nEu5gC的讨论,从它的结构、来源、生理功能到临床应用价值,最后是与癌症可能的机制讨论,并重申它的研究价值。According to the World Cancer Research Fund, excessive intake of red meat may increase the risk of cancer and be one of the causes of some tumors.Studies have concluded that N-glycolylneuraminic acid(Neu5Gc), a kind of sialic acid produced in the human body after eating red meat, may be associated with the occurrence of cancer.Starting with addressing the relationship between red meat and cancer, this paper discusses the structure, source, physiological function and clinical application value of Neu5 Gc.At the end of the paper, the possible carcinogenic mechanism of Neu5 Gc as well as its research value is explored.达能营养中心膳食营养研究与宣教基金项目(DIC2012-12

Influence of different processing technology on sialic acid content of edible bird's nest products

本文以毛燕为原料,研究浸泡、挑拣、高温灭菌等工艺流程处理后燕窝唾液酸含量的变化。采用LC-MS/MS检测分析燕窝中唾液酸种类,此外,测定了不同加; 工条件下燕窝产品唾液酸含量并分析加工条件对唾液酸含量的影响,进一步分析了唾液酸热稳定性。结果表明:燕窝中唾液酸仅由N-乙酰基神经氨酸(Neu5A; c)组成,经不同工艺条件处理后,Neu5Ac保留率均可高达95%以上,且Neu5Ac热稳定性好,不同情况下Neu5Ac含量无明显差异。说明燕窝经; 过上述加工处理后不会造成燕窝酸的大量流失,并且其受工艺条件变化影响小,燕窝加工产品可以很好地保存燕窝的营养价值,从而稳定发挥其营养功效,具有很高; 的消费价值。In this paper,raw edible bird's nest was used as raw material to study; the change of sialic acid content in edible bird's nest after processed; by technology such as soaking,picking and choosing and high temperature; sterilization. LC-MS/MS was used to detect and analyze the type of; sialic acid in edible bird's nest. Besides,sialic acid content in edible; bird's nest products was measured under different condition,and the; influence of process condition on sialic acid content was; analyzed.Furthermore,thermostability of sialic acid was analyzed.; Results showed that sialic acid in edible bird's nest was only consist; by N-acetylneuraminic acid(Neu5Ac),retention rates of Neu5Ac all; exceeded 95% when edible bird's nest was processed by different; technology,and thermostability of Neu5Ac was excellent,there was no; obvious difference in Neu5Ac content under different conditions. These; illustrated that above mentioned technology wouldn't lead to a massive; loss of sialic acid in edible bird's nest and sialic acid was influenced; slightly by the change of technology condition,nutritional value of; edible bird's nest could be kept well,thus,its nutritional efficacy; could be exerted stably,so edible bird's nest products have a very high; consumption value

河南省新密市不良妊娠结局的分布和危险因素分析

目的了解河南省新密市孕产妇不良妊娠结局的发生现状,并探究其影响因素。方法收集2015年1月-2017年4月在河南省新密市妇幼保健院进行孕检的孕早期孕妇3 124名,收集其人口学特征、既往妊娠史和本次妊娠情况,并随访其妊娠结局,分析不良妊娠结局发生率及其影响因素。结果不良妊娠结局的发生率为14.82%,不良妊娠结局排名前3位:巨大儿(8.19%)、早产(4.36%)和低出生体质量儿(2.67%)。有宫外孕史(OR=2.70,95%CI:1.16~6.29)、体质量指数(BMI)≥24 kg/m~2(OR=1.50,95%CI:1.21~1.88)和居住地为城市(OR=1.27,95%CI:1.03~1.56)是不良妊娠结局的危险因素。结论河南省新密市孕产妇不良妊娠结局的发生率处于较高水平,有宫外孕史、BMI≥24 kg/m~2和居住地为城市增加了不良妊娠结局的发生风险,需加强对该人群的孕前保健教育,以降低不良妊娠结局的发生率,改善母婴健康状况。中国博士后科学基金资助项目(2016M592093

塔里木河下游地下水位对柽柳叶绿素荧光特性的影响

选取塔里木河下游3处地下水埋深>6m的监测井位作为研究点,结合典型生态监测断面的地下水位监测数据,分析不同地下水埋深处柽柳的叶绿素荧光特性和光系统的光合活性.结果表明:随着地下水埋深加大和干旱胁迫加剧,柽柳叶片的实际光化学效率、电子传输速率和光化学猝灭等参数普遍下降;非光化学猝灭和调节性能量耗散量子产量等参数显著升高,而最大光量子产量总体处于相对适宜状态.干旱胁迫下柽柳的PSII光合活性随地下水埋深增大而下降,捕获光能的过剩程度加剧,发生光抑制的几率增大,其自身良好的抗旱性和自我调节机制,使光系统II尚未发生显著光损伤

温带荒漠中温度和土壤水分对土壤呼吸的影响

荒漠对气候变化具有高度敏感性,深刻认识和量化非生物因子对荒漠生态系统土壤呼吸的影响具有重要意义。采用自动CO2通量系统(Li-8100)监测了梭梭(Haloxylon ammodendron)、假木贼(Anabasis aphylla)和盐穗木(Halostachys caspica)群落生长季土壤呼吸及温度、土壤含水量等,深入分析了水热因子对土壤呼吸的影响。土壤呼吸具有不对称的日格局,最小值出现在8:00,最大值在12:00～14:00。土壤呼吸的季节格局与气温变化基本同步,最小值在生长季末期(10月),最大值在生长季中期(6～7月)。梭梭、假木贼和盐穗木群落生长季平均土壤呼吸速率分别为0.76、0.52和0.46μmol CO2·m-2·s-1。气温对假木贼(51%)和盐穗木群落(65%)土壤呼吸季节变化的解释率高于梭梭(35%)。梭梭、假木贼和盐穗木群落土壤呼吸温度敏感性(Q10)逐渐增大,基础呼吸速率(R10)逐渐减小。剔除温度影响后,梭梭、假木贼群落土壤呼吸与土壤含水量呈显著的幂二次方函数关系,盐穗木群落两者关系却明显减弱,未达到显著水平。气温、土壤含水量的二元方程均能解释群落土壤呼吸大部分的时间变异:梭梭群落71%～93%、假木贼群落79%～82%、盐穗木群落70%～80%。人工模拟降水后土壤呼吸速率表现出降水后10min减小、180min时明显增加、达到最大值后再次衰减的现象。5和2.5mm降水处理下的土壤呼吸速率最大值和其后的递减值高于对照处理,土壤呼吸增加、达到峰值和其后递减过程与5cm土壤温度变化基本同步

Self-Perceived Attractiveness and Its Influence on the Halo Effect and the Similar-to Me Effect

The present research examined the influences of the halo effect and the similar-tome effect on physical and sexual attractiveness for hiring decisions. It was hypothesized that the halo effect would cause applicants rated highly in physical and sexual attractiveness to receive higher ratings of hireability than unattractive applicants.However, if the similar-to-me effect is influential for levels of attractiveness in hiring situations, participants who rated themselves as less attractive should favor unattractive applicants. The results did not show an interaction between participant self-ratings and ratings of hireability, indicating the similar-to-me effect does not apply to physical or sexual attractiveness. There was a main effect of sexual attractiveness of the applicant forhireability, showing support for the halo effect. This effect was only found for White applicants, potentially due to in-group bias and out-group homogeneity

厦门市居民高尿酸血症与膳食嘌呤摄入的相关性研究

目的探讨厦门市居民高尿酸血症与膳食嘌呤摄入之间的关系。方法于2016年4～8月,多阶段分层整群随机抽取厦门市18岁以上的常住居民,对其进行健康问卷调查、膳食调查、体格检查和实验室检查。结果本次共调查2827人,平均年龄(36.9±14.5)岁,男性占43.1%。高尿酸血症患病率为27.2%,男性(36.1%)患病率高于女性(20.5%),各年龄组患病率逐渐升高。调查人群平均每标准人日摄入嘌呤总量为(448.82±4.40)mg,动物性食物中畜禽肉类食物嘌呤贡献率最高(30.3%),鱼虾蟹贝类次之(17.9%);植物性食物中,米及其制品的嘌呤贡献率最高(26.3%),蔬菜类次之(9.1%),豆类、菌藻类、坚果和水果的贡献率分别为8.8%、4.8%、0.8%和0.6%。男性膳食嘌呤摄入量大于女性(P<0.001)。男性人群中,饮酒、高BMI、高血压、高次黄嘌呤摄入是高尿酸血症患病的危险因素。女性中高年龄组、高BMI、高血压是高尿酸血症患病的危险因素。结论厦门市居民高尿酸血症患病率较高,膳食嘌呤摄入较高,男女性HUA患病的危险因素不同,针对不同人群应给予不同的干预方案。[营养学报,2019,41(1):20-23,29

Survey on the distribution of dietary glycemic load and dietary insulin load of urban residents in Xiamen

目的了解厦门市城区居民碳水化合物消费情况及膳食血糖负荷及膳食胰岛素负荷的现状,调查膳食血糖负荷及膳食胰岛素负荷与生化指标。方法根据全国营养调查方案,2010年10-12月对厦门市城区的6个社区居委会成年居民进行调查,采用连续3 d 24 h回顾法对其中的291人进行膳食调查、身体测量及生化指标测量;根据膳食血糖生成指数(GI)和碳水化合物摄入量计算膳食血糖负荷(GL);根据膳食胰岛素指数(II)和能量及食用频率计算膳食胰岛素负荷(IL)。结果被调查的厦门市城区成年居民的平均膳食血糖指数为75.2;平均膳食血糖负荷为179.1;平均膳食胰岛素指数为30.4,平均膳食胰岛素负荷为247.2。粮谷类对膳食GL、IL的贡献达92.0%、83.1%。不同GL、IL水平的被调查人群的身体测量及生化指标间的差异无统计学意义;通过多元线性回归分析并未发现膳食GI、GL、II、IL与糖尿病的患病风险有明显的相关性。结论粮谷类食物是厦门市城区居民膳食GL、IL的主要来源,低膳食GL的人群粮谷类消费低,脂肪消费高,膳食结构不合理;并未发现膳食GL、IL与身体测量及生化指标之间的联系。Objective This work was to investigate the consumption of carbohydrate and distribution of dietary glycemic load(GL)and insulin load(IL) of urban residents in Xiamen. Methods According to the National Nutrition Survey program, six communities' residents of Xiamen were selected for the survey from Oct.~ Dec., 2010. A total of 219 subjects were surveyed with the 3consecutive days and 24 hours review method to acquire the food consumption data and underwent health examination. Dietary insulin load was calculated as a function of the food insulin index, and the energy content of individual foods was reported on food-frequency questionnaires. Dietary glycemic load was calculated by GI. Results 92.1% of the dietary glycemic load and 83.1%of the dietary insulin load were from cereals. Dietary insulin load and dietary insulin index were not associated with the overall biochemical index. The dietary GI, GL, II, IL was not positively associated with the risk of diabetes. Conclusion People with low GL tend to consume more fat and less carbohydrates