塔里木沙漠公路防护林土壤微生物生物量与土壤环境因子的关系

为探讨极端干旱区风沙土土壤微生物与土壤环境因子的作用规律,采用相关分析法研究了塔里木沙漠公路防护林地土壤微生物生物量与理化因子和酶活性的关系.结果表明:土壤容重和粒径减小(R0.85)时,防护林地中土壤微生物数量和生物量有增大趋势,由容重与微生物量的相关性主导;土壤养分含量与土壤微生物数量和生物量呈正相关,主要由速效养分和放线菌、微生物生物量C、P的相关性所致;土壤酶活性与土壤微生物数量和生物量的相关性差异较大,R在0.51～0.91,主要取决于蔗糖酶、磷酸酶与放线菌、微生物量C的相关;土壤盐分增加不利于土壤微生物生物量的积累(R0.63).实践中应为干旱区林地土壤微生物营造良好的土体,促进土壤物质循环

塔里木沙漠公路防护林生态工程的综合生态环境效应

为了探讨重大工程的生态环境效应,从风沙环境、土壤环境、小气候、生物多样性和地下水环境5个方面对塔里木沙漠公路防护林工程的综合生态环境效应进行了研究.结果表明:(1)防护林改变了近地表风沙运动过程,防沙体系内风速、输沙率降低幅度分别达64%~80%和87.45%~99.02%,风沙流结构、沙物质粒度、地表蚀积状况也发生了明显变化;(2)与自然流沙地相比,防护林土壤容重减小,全盐含量、总孔隙度和含水量增大,土壤肥力质量明显提高,其变化基本呈现"先快后慢"的规律;(3)防护林对于小环境改善作用明显,距地面6m范围内,林地不同高度的空气温度普遍低于自然流沙地,而空气湿度则高于自然流沙地,林地土壤温度也低于自然流沙地;(4)随着防护林内生境的变化,土壤微生物种类显著增加,但不同种类微生物的种群分布并不均匀;(5)目前防护林灌溉抽水对地下水位、地下水矿化度的影响不大,水位在厘米级范围波动,矿化度的变化幅度在±1g·L-1左右,且没有明显的变化趋势

股骨颈轴向控制髓内钉的研制及临床应用

[目的]研制股骨颈轴向控制髓内钉（axial controlled intramedullary nail of the femoral neck,ACINFN）治疗股骨转子间骨折及其临床应用.[方法]第一部分：制作Evans Ⅰ型股骨粗隆间骨折模型,设立对照组、ACINFN钉与A-P型Gamma钉组,比较二者在抗压和抗扭转试验上的差别.第二部分：通过影像学,术后患肢功能和术后并发症,对77例ACINFN钉和66例A-P型Gamma钉治疗的病例,术后随访进行综合评定.[结果]在300N的压力下,对照组、ACINFN钉组和A-P型Gamma钉组的压缩刚度分别为（1 568±366）、（1 167±92）和（224±66）N/mm,三组之间差异有统计学意义（F=85,P＜0.01）.扭角为5°时,对照组、ACINFN钉组和A-P型Gamma钉组的扭转刚度分别为（1.14±0.19）、（1.08±0.13）和（0.11±0.07）N·m/（5°）,三组之间差异有统计学意义（F=30.9,P＜0.01）.ACINFN钉术后达到解剖复位共65例（84.4%）,髋关节功能优良者共71例（92.2%）.术后并发症：异位骨化6例,（7.8%）,异物残留1例（1.3%）,无内固定断裂、颈螺钉穿出股骨头、髋内翻和继发性股骨骨折等严重并发症发生,ACINFN组明显优于A-P型Gamma钉组.[结论]ACINFN钉具有良好的生物力学性能、创伤小、解剖复位率高、髋关节功能恢复好和并发症少的优点,不失为治疗股骨转子周围部骨折可供选择的方法之一

猪辅助性带胰头及十二指肠肝肠联合移植的研究

目的介绍猪辅助性带胰头及十二指肠的肝肠联合移植(LSBT)模型技术及其免疫抑制治疗。方法40头杂交长白猪分为两组,每组20头,组内进行辅助性带胰头及十二指肠的LSBT10次。其中A组未用免疫抑制剂治疗,B组采用环孢素A和甲基强的松龙治疗。结果A组动物术后成活时间为(10.33±1.93)d(7~25d),B组全部动物成活超过30d。在没有应用体外转流的情况下,可以耐受血液动力学的波动,血液动力学指标(B组)可以在血流再通后2h恢复正常。B组猪术后血液、尿液和腹腔引流液中的淀粉酶一过性升高,但在1周后回落到术前水平,活检没有发现严重胰腺炎。结论猪辅助性带胰头和十二指肠的LSBT是一种可行的、安全的移植模型,这一模型可以简化传统肝肠移植的技术,应用环孢素A和甲强龙可以有效的抑制猪肝肠移植后急性排斥反应。国家自然科学基金资助项目(39070828

Experimental Study of the Abalone Shell on Cataract induced by Oxidative Stress

目的研究石决明提取物对体外培养的晶状体氧化应激性白内障形成的作用及机制。方法离体培养小鼠晶状体,应用不同浓度的石决明提取物预孵育晶状体24h后,加入1mm过氧化氢,继续培养3小时后恢复正常培养,72小时后观察小鼠晶状体混浊程度,测定晶状体组织培养液中的乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)含量,晶状体组织中还原型谷胱甘肽(GSH)含量及超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活力。结果石决明提取物在1~2 mg/ml浓度范围内减轻氧化应激造成的晶状体混浊,减少晶状体LDH的释放,提高组织内GSH含量和SOD活力。结论石决明提取物可减轻氧化应激白内障的形成,其作用主要与石决明提取物提高内源性抗氧化系统有关。Objective To study the effect of the abalone shell extract on oxidative stress induced cataract formation and its mechanism in cultured mouse lens in vitro. Methods The cultured mouse lens were pretreated with the abalone shell extract in different concentrations for24 hours,and then 1mm hydrogen peroxide was added and continued incubating for 3 hours,and they were changed to normal culture media.After 72 hours,the opacity of each lens was observed under an anatomical microscope,the content of lactate dehydrogenase( LDH)leakages,the content of the reduced glutathione( GSH) and activity of superoxide dismutase( SOD) in lens tissue were assayed. Results Abalone shell extract in the concentration range of 1 ~ 2 mg / ml reduced the lens opacity caused by oxidative stress,alleviated the release of LDH,and increased GSH content and SOD activity in cultured lens. Conclusion Abalone shell extract can alleviate the oxidative stress induced cataract formation,and this effect is mainly related to its improvement of the endogenous antioxidant system in lens.2012年福建省卫生厅中医药科研专项课题(No.WST201210);; 2013年福建省卫生厅中医药科研专项课题(No.wzhw201302);; 2014年厦门市科技局科技惠民项目课题(No.3502Z20144030

Preliminary Analysis of Spatiotemporal Variation of Water Quality and Its Influencing Factors in the Jiulong River Watershed

选取闽东南九龙江流域21个典型小流域开展2010年丰(8月)、平(11月)、枯(2月)3个水期的基流水质监测,并借助gIS、多元统计分析方法识别流域水质的时空分布特征及其影响因素,为九龙江流域水质监测、管理与控制提供依据.结果表明,九龙江水质枯水期最差,平水期次之,丰水期水质较好.表征生活污水、工业废水的污染因子对水质变化的贡献率为45.58%,表征农业污染的主成分的贡献率为21.28%.nH4+-n、SrP、高锰酸盐指数、k+、Cl-、Mg2+、nA+浓度与建设用地比例、人口密度呈显著的正相关,nO3--n浓度与耕地比例有显著的正相关,自然用地面积比例与nO3--n、k+、Cl-、nA+浓度有显著的负相关.建设用地比例较大、人口较密集的小流域nH4+-n、SrP、高锰酸盐指数、k+、Cl-的浓度较高,耕地比例较大的小流域nO3--n浓度则较高.在流域水质管理上,建议提高污水处理率,并重视由于化肥施用导致的农业非点源污染对水质的影响.Twenty one sub-watersheds in the Jiulong River watershed were chosen for in-situ monitoring water quality of baseflow in flood season,dry season and average season in 2010.Geographical information system and multivariate analysis were coupled to characterize the spatiotemporal variation of water quality and identify its influencing factors.The results show that the water quality in dry season is the worst whereas the water quality in flood season is comparatively good.The first principal component representing sanitary and industrial wastewater pollution,explained 45.58% of the total variance of water quality.The second principal component concerning pollution due to agricultural activities,explained 21.28% of the total variance.NH+4-N,SRP,potassium permanganate index,K+,Cl-,Mg2+ and Na+had a significantly positive correlation with percentage of built-up and density of population.NO-3-N was correlated positively with percentage of cropland.The sub-watersheds with high proportion of build-up area and density of population show high concentration of NH+4-N,SRP,potassium permanganate index,K+,Cl-.Comparatively,the sub-watersheds with high percentage of cropland show high level of nitrate concentration.Improvement of the wastewater treatment efficiency and increased recognition of agricultural non-point source pollution were finally highlighted from watershed management perspectives.国家自然科学基金项目(40901100;40810069004);福建省自然科学基金项目(2009J01222

＜第2部 シンポジウム＞代表経験から次世代へ伝えられること（シンポジウム，スポーツレガシーシリーズ Vol.11 日本サッカーはW-CUPから何を学び何を継承していくのか，専修大学生田キャンパス10号館10301教室，2018年11月14日開催）

departmental bulletin pape

Effect of Flue-gas Cleaning Devices on Mercury Emission From Coal-fired Boiler

为研究燃煤锅炉烟气净化设施对汞排放特性的影响,采用Ontario-Hydro方法,对设有催化脱硝、静电除尘、海水脱硫的300MW燃煤锅炉排放烟气中汞的含量与形态进行分析,同时测定锅炉的煤、底渣、飞灰等固体样品以及脱硫塔前后、曝气之后海水样品中的汞含量。实验结果为:烟气中的气态汞占总汞的79.1%以上,脱硝催化剂对汞的价态具有强烈的转化作用,烟气中83.4%的气态Hg0被氧化成气态Hg2+;静电除尘对颗粒态汞的去除率几乎达到100%;在脱硫塔中,海水对烟气中汞的洗脱率高达73.6%,曝气后排放前的海水中含汞量是新鲜海水的5.5倍。研究表明锅炉烟气净化设施对汞的排放特性有着重要的影响。In order to study the effect of flue-gas cleaning devices on mercury emission from coal-fired boiler, Ontario-Hydro method had been applied to determine the mercury concentration and speciation in the flue-gas emitted from a 300MW coal-fired boiler, which was equipped with various pollution control devices, including selective catalyst reduction (SCR) De-NOx system, electrostatic precipitator (ESP), and flue-gas seawater De-SO2 system (FGD). Mercury concentration in raw coal, bottom ash and fly ash of the boiler, seawater at the inlet and outlet of SO2 absorption reactor and the drainage of aeration sink, were also analyzed. The results indicate that the percentage of gaseous mercury in total mercury discharged is more than 79.1%. De-NOx catalyst strongly affects the mercury speciation transformation, showing a conversion rate of 83.4% for Hg0 to Hg2+. The removal efficiency of particulate mercury by ESP is close to 100%. With seawater FGD, the removal efficiency of mercury is as high as 73.6%. The mercury concentration in the seawater of drainage from aeration sink is 5.5 times higher than that in fresh seawater. The study shows that the flue-gas cleaning devices in coal-fired power plant play an important role on mercury emission characterization