Expression of organophosphorus-degradation gene(opd) in aggregating and non-aggregating filamentous nitrogen-fixing cyanobacteria

Genetic engineering in filamentous N2-fixing cyanobacteria usually involves Anabaena sp.PCC 7120 and several other non-aggregating species.Mass culture and harvest of such species are more energy consuming relative to aggregating species.To establish a gene transfer system for aggregating species,we tested many species of Anabaena and Nostoc,and identified Nostoc muscorum FACHB244 as a species that can be genetically manipulated using the conjugative gene transfer system.To promote biodegradation of organophosphorus pollutants in aquatic environments,we introduced a plasmid containing the organophosphorus-degradation gene(opd) into Anabaena sp.PCC 7120 and Nostoc muscorum FACHB244 by conjugation.The opd gene was driven by a strong promoter,PpsbA.From both species,we obtained transgenic strains having organophosphorus-degradation activities.At 25°C,the whole-cell activities of the transgenic Anabaena and Nostoc strains were 0.163±0.001 and 0.289±0.042 unit/μg Chl a,respectively.However,most colonies resulting from the gene transfer showed no activity.PCR and DNA sequencing revealed deletions or rearrangements in the plasmid in some of the colonies.Expression of the green fluorescent protein gene from the same promoter in Anabaena sp.PCC 7120 showed similar results.These results suggest that there is the potential to promote the degradation of organophosphorus pollutants with transgenic cyanobacteria and that selection of high-expression transgenic colonies is important for genetic engineering of Anabaena and Nostoc species.For the first time,we established a gene transfer and expression system in an aggregating filamentous N2-fixing cyanobacterium.The genetic manipulation system of Nostoc muscorum FACHB244 could be utilized in the elimination of pollutants and large-scale production of valuable proteins or metabolites

论女侦探为主角的早期英国小说的文化功能

19世纪英国社会生活的深刻变化催生了以女侦探为主角的侦探小说,但由于社会对女性进步持有双重态度,导致小说在文化功能上也呈现出积极和消极的两面性。一方面,通过塑造正面女侦探形象以及重新评价家庭生活经验和女性特质,小说表达了张扬女性潜能的先进观点,在质疑传统性别观的过程中拓展了侦探小说的文化内涵。另一方面,为了调和女侦探与主流意识形态之间的矛盾,小说又采用各种手段对她们进行贬损,通过叙事、故事人物和情节不断传递性别不平等信息,或明或暗地表露出对原有性别秩序的怀旧情愫和保卫姿态

Paul Auster’s Quests: Finding One’s Place in the Darkness

美国当代作家保罗•奥斯特（1947-）现著有十八部小说，三部回忆录，一部诗选，一部评论集和四部电影剧本。在《纽约三部曲》发表以前，奥斯特因翻译并主编《兰顿二十世纪法国诗歌选集》和撰写过若干颇富洞见的评论文章而小有名气。三部曲发表以后，他名声大振，在很短的时间内即被捧为名流，引起各国文学界的瞩目。1995年后，与他有关的评论文著激增。他被誉为美国当代最杰出的作家之一，并常常与纳散尼尔•霍桑、塞缪尔•贝克特、罗布—格里耶等文学大师相提并论。 美国评论家斯文•博克特斯曾将奥斯特喻为“当代美国文人盛宴中的一个幽灵”（Birkerts，1992:338）...Abstract Paul Auster (1947- ) is the contemporary American writer of eighteen novels, three memoirs, a volume of selected poems, a collection of critical essays, and four screenplays. Before the publication of The New York Trilogy, he was known primarily for having edited the Random House Anthology of Twentieth-Century French Poetry and for having written several insightful literary essays. I...学位：文学博士院系专业：外文学院英语语言文学系_英语语言文学学号：B20040400

Research of Personal Pronouns in Practical Articles Used by Intermediate Korean Students

本文以国内中学生应用文为参考，通过对中级水平韩国学生四万五千字应用文语料进行分析，详细描写了韩国学生汉语应用文写作中人称代词使用的总体状况及偏误类型。此外，我们选取初级水平的韩国学生为调查对象，进行了小规模的韩中学生问卷调查（韩中学生各15份）。以中国学生的人称代词使用状况及数据为参照，借鉴汉语语篇本体研究的丰富成果，从语法、语篇、语用等角度对初级水平韩国学生在特定的应用文中人称代词使用情况进行了分析，使我们对韩国学生人称代词的使用情况有了一个宏观的把握。在此基础上，进一步探讨了偏误的成因，认为有目的语负迁移、语用因素、学习策略的影响等原因，从而针对这些偏误提出了我们的一些教学建议。 通过...Based on the composition corpus analysis of 45 thousand words from the intermediate Korean students, the overall status and error types of personal pronouns usage in the Korean Students' Practical Writing have been described in details.In addition, we selected the elementary Korean students for the survey, and carried out small-scale survey of Korean and China middle school students (15 students r...学位：文学硕士院系专业：人文学院中文系_语言学及应用语言学学号：1022007115275

《机缘乐章》中的自由四重奏——论美国作家保罗·奥斯特的自由观

美国当代作家保罗·奥斯特的小说《机缘乐章》是一部关于自由和奴役的经典佳作,它通过描述故事主人公纳什从一个自由人沦为受囚苦力的渐变过程,深刻揭示了在当代美国社会生活中,个体自由受到绝对自由幻念、存在偶然性、金钱价值观和社会权力机制的四重影响和控制。厦门大学基础创新科研基金项目(中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金项目)“美国作家保罗·奥斯特研究”(2011221007

川桑葚中鞣酸的提取及纯化工艺研究

对脱除多糖的桑葚干燥粉末先用N,N—二甲基甲酰胺提取鞣酸,再用石油醚和正丁酸甲酯萃取3次后获得鞣酸粗品。鞣酸粗品经酸沉、醇沉和重结晶3种方法纯化,采用单因素试验与正交试验优选鞣酸提取工艺和纯化工艺。结果发现:最佳提取工艺条件为N,N-二甲基甲酰胺与川桑葚质量比12∶1、石油醚与正丁酸甲酯体积比3∶1、提取温度40℃、提取时间8 h;最佳纯化工艺条件为酸沉时间16 h、醇沉时间4 h、重结晶温度50℃

A Study on the Relationship between Corporate Social Responsibility and Corporate Financial Performance

摘要 在过去的一个世纪里，国外企业社会责任的两大流派——“股东至上理论”与“利益相关者理论”多次交锋论战，并在学术界引起了不小的波澜。但是，国内这一领域的研究却比较晚，而且大部分属于规范研究，实证研究较少。本文将从实证角度对国内上市公司企业社会责任业绩（CorporateSocialResponsibilityPerformance，简称CSP）与财务业绩（CorporateFinancialPerformance，简称CFP）的关系进行研究。这一研究对于引导企业履行社会责任，促进公司治理以及经济、社会、生态和谐发展都有着积极的意义。 本文共分为六章。 第一章为绪论。 第二章和第三章主...Abstract The foreign research on Corporate Social Responsibility（CSR） involves two schools of theories¬——the Shareholder Uppermost Theory and Stakeholder Theory.In the past century, the two schools had debated so many times and caused a big stir in academia. However, the domestic research in this field are quite late and mostly belong to normative research ,so the empirical research are rar...学位：管理学硕士院系专业：管理学院会计系_会计学学号：1752007115107

Study on financing guarantee system for small and medium-sized enterprises in china

在现代经济中，无论是发达国家还是发展中国家，中小企业都是国民经济的重要组成部分，它们在经济和社会中发挥着不可或缺的作用。建立中小企业担保体系，缓解中小企业融资难问题，是各国政府扶持中小企业发展的通行做法。我国虽然也建立了中小企业担保体系，但是由于起步晚，环境建设不完善，以及缺乏相关的人才及经验，所以在实践中还存在着种种不足。因此本文旨在对国内现状分析的基础上，结合国外的先进经验，研究如何建立和完善我国中小企业融资担保体系。根据这一想法，本文将从五个方面系统地研究这一问题。第一，研究的选题背景、现实意义及解决途径；研究的范围及方法；相关概念和适用范围。第二，运用中小企业服务论、信用理论和担保理论...Abstract China’s city commercial banks were created during 1990s by the city government through the active merging and restructuring of China’s 5,000 or more urban credit cooperatives, so far they have gone a long way and played a vital role in China’s financial system with just more than ten-year development. Recently, on the strength of both the local governments and regulators, lots of city com...学位：经济学硕士院系专业：经济学院财政金融系_金融学(含保险学)学号：2005130092

The Insurance as a Governmental Tool：Principles, Practices and Challenges

20世纪二三十年代，美国率先发起了一种由政府提供的保险。这类保险，由于受利润和资金的限制，主要是那些私人保险公司所不愿意提供的，如洪水保险，养老金保险、存款保险等。本文在介绍商业保险的起源和发展的基础上，以政府保险为研究对象，探讨政府保险这种政策工具的定义、特征、种类、作用、运行模式及管理挑战，并以存款保险制度为例，在比较研究国际存款保险制度的基础上，结合中国实际，探索中国的存款保险制度。本文旨在为我国利用政府保险这种政策工具提供某些有用的思路。全文共分为三个部分：第一部分：商业保险的起源和发展。介绍古代保险思想及保险萌芽、近代保险思想的发展及现代商业保险制度的建立和发展，并描述商业保险的基本...In 1930s, the United States pioneered in a kind of insurance services provided by the government. This insurance, because of the restriction of profits and capitals, mainly include flood damage, pensions, and deposit insurances which private insurance companies are not willing to provide. Based on the introduction of the origin and development of the commercial insurance, and then the study of the...学位：管理学硕士院系专业：法学院政治学与行政学系_行政管理学号：20020602