Effect of Calcium Concentration and Ventilation on Growth and Flowering Quality of Oncidium 'Gower Ramsey'

本實驗以文心蘭‘Gower Ramsey’為試驗材料，利用不同鈣肥濃度和通風管理，針對補充鈣元素及通風管理改善文心蘭開花品質、瓶插壽命及營養器官生育之關係加以探討。 鈣肥施用的濃度提高，可以有效增加文心蘭‘Gower Ramsey’的切花品質，包括增加花莖長度與小花數，但過高濃度的鈣肥會抑制花莖的伸長，試驗結果鈣肥施用濃度以200 ppm至250 ppm為宜。但鈣肥的施用對於切花瓶插壽命沒有穩定性的效果。 以通風管行通風處理文心蘭假球莖的發育有增加寬度、厚度、乾物質含量重的效果，切花品質的亦有提升，可增加花莖分枝數、花莖長度和總花苞數。 通風管通風配合鈣肥濃度處理文心蘭，鈣肥濃度在150 ppm即有好的切花品質，其花莖長度及小花數明顯增加，並增加瓶插壽命之表現。通風處理所配合的鈣肥濃度增加到250 ppm以上會縮短瓶插壽命。Oncidium ‘Gower Ramsey' was used in the studies to seek for increasing inflorescence quality by calcium supplement and ventilation control. The relationship among inflorescence quality, vase life, and vegetative organ which related to microelements, especially, calcium supplement and ventilation were investigated. Increasing calcium supplement increased inflorescence quality, which the length of flower stalk got longer and florets were more as well, of Oncidium ‘Gower Ramsey'. Nevertheless, overdosage of calcium fertilizer inhibited the elongation of flower stalks. As experiment result, the optimum range of calcium supplement was around 200 ppm and 250 ppm. Calcium supplement did not show stability on vase life. Ventilation treatment with plastic tube increased the width, thickness, and dry matter of pseudobulb of oncidium. The inflorescence quality was increased by increasing branch pedicel of flower stalk and flower stalk length, as well as florets number. Both ventilation and calcium supplement on oncidium culture, calcium concentration was controlled at 150 ppm and ventilation together showed the improvement of inflorescence quality which the length of flower stalk got longer and florets were more as well and longer vase life. However, calcium supplement concentration was over 250 ppm, the vase life was deteriorated.壹、前言（Introduction） 1 貳、前人研究（Literature review） 3 參、材料與方法（Material and methods） 21 肆、結果（Results） 32 伍、討論（Discussion） 69 陸、中文摘要（Summary） 74 柒、英文摘要（English summary） 75 捌、參考文獻（Reference） 76 玖、附錄（Appendix） 8

一种两组元旋流自引射喷嘴

本发明提供了一种两组元旋流自引射喷嘴，包括：内喷嘴，为中空的燃料射流通道；外喷嘴，为中空的氧化剂射流通道，以同心且间隔的方式套在所述内喷嘴外，底部封闭；切向管道，由垂直于所述外喷嘴的外壁面的方向，均匀且倾斜的绕外壁面的底部分布，并与所述外喷嘴的内部连通。本发明能够实现燃料射流和氧化剂射流的快速均匀混掺、提高燃烧稳定性和降低喷嘴的烧蚀损毁率

Influence of Doped H2O or H(2)on Soot Production and Power Capability in the Fuel-rich Gas Generator

Influence of doped H2O or H(2)on both soot production and power capability in the fuel-rich gas generator has been studied together by using the program of chemical equilibrium with applications (CEA). The oxidant is LOX, and the fuel is composed of Jet-A and the additive. The parameters of the gas generator are as follows: the range of combustion temperature is 800-1700 K, combustion pressure is 0.1-5.0 MPa, oxidant/fuel ratio is 0.1-1.2, and the mass percent of the additive in fuel is 0-60%. The results indicate that the addition of either H2O or H(2)can obviously reduce the mass percent of soot in combustion products, and the reasons are discussed on the base of the products distributions. Moreover, the minimum amounts of addition to surrender mass percent of soot less than 0.1% are present. The effects of combustion pressure on soot mass percent in combustion products appear turning appoints around 1100 K, no matter the additive is H2O or H-2. The addition of H(2)can obviously improve the power capacity of combustion products in the whole temperature range. The addition of H2O can also improve slightly the power capacity of combustion products, when the combustion temperature is less than 1400 K. Effective molar weight of combustion products is the main factor affecting power capacity

Method of Selecting Active Parameters Using Sensitivity Analysis and Linear Programming

It is necessary to select appropriate active parameters to ensure both the accuracy and computation efficiency before the global analysis of chemical kinetic model. This paper proposes a new method for selecting the active parameters on the base of the combination of sensitivity analysis and linear programming. Compared with the usual methods for selecting active parameters, such as the local sensitive analysis, the characteristics of the proposed method is preliminary visualization of the possible influence of the selected active parameters on the model outputs in the process of parameter selection, ensuring the reliability of the selected active parameters. Considering the computation efficiency, the number of selected active parameters can be controlled in a suitable size through combining with dichotomy or other screening techniques. In the study, the pre-exponential factors of the Arrhenius equations in the USC-Mech II model were considered as the candidate parameters and the uncertainties of the pre-exponential factors were set. Taking the ignition of ethylene for example, the 10 reactions that can increase the ignition time of ethylene under a wide range of conditions with equivalence ratio of 1, 0.1 similar to 1 MPa and 1000 K similar to 1500 K were successfully selected using the proposed method. Then, the 10 active parameters were tested in each condition. The results showed that the selected active parameters can make the ignition delay time close to the target for each condition, which reflects the reliability of active parameter selection

Characteristic scales and influential factors in supersonic combustion

针对超燃冲压发动机典型的飞行条件,分别以氢气、乙烯和煤油(由质量分数为0.8的正十烷和0.2的三甲基苯化学替代)作为燃料,分析了超声速燃烧中的特征尺度及其影响因素,给出了细致的超燃冲压发动机工作范围,并探讨了火焰面模型在超声速燃烧数值模拟中的适用性.结果表明:从氢气、乙烯到煤油,超燃冲压发动机工作范围依次减少,丹姆克尔数(Da)呈现量级的变化,火焰模式以旋涡小火焰为主,其中Taylor尺度起着关键性作用.同时也发现:相对于亚声速燃烧,在超声速燃烧的数值计算中,对能否采用火焰面模型还需要更加仔细的考虑