响应面法提取公石松总黄酮工艺优化研究

目的:采用响应面法优化公石松总黄酮微波提取工艺。方法:先摸索液料比、反应时间、微波功率、反应温度四个微波提取条件,然后依据Box-Benhnken试验设计拟用四因素三水平方法,以公石松总黄酮提取率为响应值进行响应面试验,最后对不同公石松样品的总黄酮进行对比分析。结果:得出最佳提取工艺条件为:液料比30∶1(ml·g-1)、反应时间6.72 min,微波功率699.99 W,反应温度90℃,公石松总黄酮的提取率可达到1.02%。结论:微波提取工艺优化后公石松总黄酮的提取率可达1.02%;公石松叶子中的总黄酮含量高于茎,成熟期的总黄酮含量高于未成熟期。福建省教育厅中青年教师教育科研项目(编号:JAT171141);;漳州卫生职业学院课题项目(编号:ZYZ201701

城市建设中的土地污染和光污染的危害性与防治对策

【中文文摘】本文作者主要探讨了现在城市建设中往往被忽视的两种污染 ,即土地污染和光污染 ,指出了其危害性及防治对策。河南省科技攻关项目( 981140 2 10 )

Photosynthetic responses to Solar UV radiation of Gracilaria lemaneiformis cultured under different temperatures and CO_2 concentrations

为了研究不同温度及CO2浓度下培养的大型海藻对紫外辐射的生理学响应,选取龙须菜(grACIlArIA lEMAnEIfOrMIS)作为实验材料。实验设置两个温度梯度(20℃和24℃),两种CO2浓度(390μl/l和1000μl/l)以及3种辐射处理,即可见光(PAr)处理(滤除紫外线A(uV-A)、紫外线b(uV-b),400—700 nM)、可见光加紫外线A(PA)处理(滤除uV-b,320—700nM)、PAb处理(全波长辐射280—700 nM)。结果表明,酸化、升温以及紫外辐射处理都未影响大型经济红藻龙须菜的叶绿素A和类胡萝卜素的含量。然而紫外辐射处理显著降低了龙须菜的有效光化学效率,其抑制水平在酸化处理的藻体中更为显著,并且随着温度的上升而进一步加剧;酸化与温度耦合使藻体对紫外辐射的敏感性增加,导致其较低的修复速率以及较高的损伤速率。The marine red macroalga Gracilaria lemaneiformis( Bory) Weber-van Bosse( Gigartinales,Rhodophyta) is an economically important species for cultivation in China.The cultivation of this species has been extensively spread which could be found in both northern and southern parts of China.This species could support as food resources for both human beings and aquaculture,and could also be commonly used in agar industry and biofuel production.The growth condition of G.lemaneiformis in natural environment varied frequently( especially the temperature,light intensity and quality,pCO2),which would potentially affect the physiology and photosynthetic production.Though the physiological and ecological effects induced by these environmental variations have been extensively concerned and studied,multi-factor coupling effects to marine macroalgae are still less documented up to now.To study the physiological responses of G.lemaneiformis to multiple stressors of ocean acidification,rising temperature and Ultraviolet( UV) radiation,the thalli of G.lemaneiformis cultured under different temperature( 20 ℃ as control,and high temperature group where it was increased by 4 ℃ to 24 ℃) and different CO2concentrations( ambient atmosphere CO2concentration,390 μL / L,and elevated CO2concentration set at1000 μL / L which expected attain in the end of this century according to IPCC report of A1F1 scenario) for two weeks,and then the algae were treated with three levels of radiations( Photosynthetically active radiation,PAR,400—700 nm;Photosynthetically active radiation+Ultraviolet A,PA,320—700 nm; Photosynthetically active radiation +Ultraviolet A +Ultraviolet B,PAB,280—700 nm) respectively,in the short-period.The photosynthetic pigments and chlorophyll fluorescene characteristics of the thalli of G.lemaneiformis were determined.The results showed that ocean acidification,rising temperature and UV irradiance alone did not affect the concentrations of chlorophyll a and carotenoid of G.lemaneiformis,and also no interactive effects were found among the treatments.Elevated CO2in culture generally did not have a significant effect on the value of maximum relative electron transport rates( rETR max).Temperature had no effect on the photosynthetic light-use efficiencies for thalli of G.lemaneiformis.However,exposure to UV radiation strong reduced the values of light-use efficiencies.Moreover,exposure of UV radiation significantly lowered the effective quantum yield in both G.lemaneiformis thalli grown 20 and 24 ℃,with the inhibition rate being more pronounced in the algae grown under high CO2condition together with increased temperature than the algae grown at control conditions( ambient CO2concentration and 20 ℃).Combine effects of ocean acidification and rising temperature enhanced the sensitivity of G.lemaneiformis to UV radiation,which could be reflected by the increased damage rate( k),decreased repair rate( r),and finally decreased ratio of repair to damage( r / k) in the thalli grown at high CO2concentration together with increased temperature.Taken together,we proposed that under the background of global change,intensified UV radiation( ozone hole continue exist),increased surface seawater temperature and enhanced ocean CO2absorption( ocean acidification) will synergistically exert negative effects on photosynthetic performance of G.lemaneiformis,and could thereby potentially decrease the yield and affect the aquaculture of this species.国家海洋863项目(2012AA10A411); 国家自然科学基金(41106093); 科技部农业科技成果转化资金项目(2012GB2E000340

氧化石墨烯改性高温环氧树脂基碳纤维复合材料的热性能与力学性能

采用湿法预浸技术和模压工艺,制备了氧化石墨烯(GO)改性碳纤维/环氧树脂(CF/E54-DDS)混杂复合材料,利用差示扫描量热分析(DSC)、动态热机械分析(DMTA)、无损C扫描等开展了GO对复合材料的热固化性能、凝胶工艺性、动态热机械性能以及抗冲击损伤性能等的影响研究。结果表明,GO结构中的羟基、羧基会促进改性树脂体系的固化反应,GO/E54-DDS的固化反应比E54-DDS的提前,反应变得和缓,且会加速固化反应的进行;在GO含量小于0.5%时,GO的活性基团可增加改性体系的交联密度而提高复合材料的玻璃化转变温度,但GO含量大于0.8%时,会因DDS在固化网络结构中的占比下降较大,反而降低复合材料的玻璃化转变温度;GO/CF/E54-DDS预浸料比CF/E54-DDS表现出更好的浸润效果;CF/E54-DDS复合材料破坏后碳纤维表面光洁,破坏主要发生在碳纤维与树脂基体的界面,而GO/CF/E54-DDS复合材料破坏后,碳纤维表面紧密粘附着GO/E54-DDS固化物,破坏主要发生在碳纤维织物层间的GO/E54-DDS区域;GO的存在提高了GO/CF/E54-DDS复合材料抵抗横向裂纹和纵向裂纹扩展的能力,复合材料的损伤投影面积和凹坑深度减小,提高了冲击后压缩强度。航空科学基金(2016ZF68011);;福建省科技创新平台建设计划(2014H2006);;福建省自然科学基金(2015J01222);;厦门大学石墨烯工业技术研究院资助项目(2014I2005

Research Progress of Metal Material Liquid Forming Technology

随着汽车工业的迅速发展以及市场竞争对铸件质量要求的提高,推动了金属材料液态成型技术发展。从20世纪70年代压铸技术的广泛运用,到90年代挤压铸造技术的不断完善,随后挤压压铸技术不断创新,使液态成型技术向多学科渗透融合发展,应用领域不断拓展,铸件用量逐年上升。重点介绍了压铸、挤压铸造、挤压压铸这三种重要的成型技术发展以及取得的最新成果。With the rapid development of auto industry and the market competition on the increase of the requirement of the casting quality,the development of metal material liquid forming technology was promoted.From the extensive use of the die casting technology in the nineteen seventies to constant maturity of the 90's the squeeze casting technology,and then the continuous innovation of squeezing die casting,the liquid forming technology for multidisciplinary permeated and developed,application area continued to expand,and casting quantities increased year by year.The development and the latest achievements of three kinds of important forming technologies(die casting,squeezing casting and squeezing die casting) were mainly introduced.贵州省(贵阳市)工业攻关项目(黔科合GY字[2012]3004;筑科合同[2012101]2-13号

Gene and Construct-specific Qualitative PCR Detection of Transgenic Carnations

以澳大利亚flOrIgEnE公司和日本SunTOry公司研发的两种转基因香石竹MOOnSHAdE、MOOnlITE为研究对象,针对内参照基因AnS和外源基因f3’5’H、CHS启动子、d8TEr,建立基因特异性定性PCr检测方法。此外,分别在外源MAC启动子和dfr基因上设计PCr引物,开展构建特异性PCr检测,定性PCr方法的检测灵敏度为0.5%。该方法的建立为转基因香石竹的进口检测、中国监管和环境安全评价提供了初步数据。In this study,In view of the endogenous reference gene ANS and the exogenous genes such as F3' 5'H,CHS promoter,D8ter,the gene and construct – specific qualitative PCR detection methods were established for transgenic carnations——Moonshade,Moonlite which were developed by Japanese Suntory company and Australian Florigene company.In addition,PCR primers were designed respectively in the exogenous MAC gene promoter and the DFR gene,construct–specific qualitative PCR detection was carried out.The detection sensitivity reached 0.5%.The establishment of this method provides preliminary data for the transgenic carnation import detection,domestic supervision and environmental safety assessment.上海市科技兴农重点攻关项目“转基因植物田间试验监测技术体系建立和产品检测方法研究”(沪农科攻字2008第8-9号