Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometric Determination of Rare Earth Elements in Estuarine Water with Co-precipitation Pre-concentration

建立了氢氧化铟共沉淀预富集 -电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定河口水体中痕量稀土元素的方法。实验结果表明 ,在80mg·L -1的In3 +和pH9.5的实验条件下 ,在1.0L水样中添加5.0～200.0ng的混合稀土标准溶液 ,均能定量回收 ,回收率在82.2 %～106.9 %之间。方法的分析流程空白为0.04(Tb)～10.17(La)ng·L -1,检出限在0.17(Yb)～1.46(La)ng·L-1之间 ,精密度 (RSD ,n=3)小于11.7 % ,可满足河口淡水和海水样品中的痕量稀土元素定量分析的要求Amethod for the determination of rare earth elements(REEs)in estuarine water by inductively couˉpled plasma mass spectrometry(ICP-MS)using In(OH) 3 co-precipitation for pre-concentration has been deˉveloped.The optimized amount of In 3+ for the precipitation of the analytes in1.0L water sample was80mg at pH9.5.The recoveries were88.9%～106.9%by spiking5～200ng REEs standards into1.0L water sample.The blank values of the developed method ranged from0.04ng·L -1 for Tb to10.17ng·L -1 for La.The detection limits of the REEs ranged from0.17ng·L -1 (Yb)to1.46ng·L -1 (La)and the relative standard deviations were1.2%～11.7%(n=3).The developed method has been used for the determinaˉtion of REEs in Yangze estuarine water samples.国家自然科学基金资助项目 (40076023

Progress on Sample Preparation Techniques for Analysis of Pesticide Residues in Foodstuffs

本文综述了近年来食品中农药残留分析的样品前处理技术 ,重点对超临界流体萃取法在食品农药残留分析中的应用及其联用技术进行了评述 ;同时对固相微萃取、微波辅助萃取和凝胶渗透色谱法进行了总结。对食品中农药残留分析技术的发展方向进行了讨论The progress on sample preparation techniques for analysis of the pesticide residues in foodstuffs was reviewed. The applications of the supercritical fluid extraction (SFE), solid-phase microextraction (SPME) , microwave aided extraction (MAE) and gel permeation chromatography (GPC) in analysis of pesticide residues in foodstuffs were described. Special attention was given to SFE technique and its hyphenation with gas chromatography (GC), high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The trends of sample preparation techniques for analysis of pesticide residues in foodstuffs were also discussed.福建省自然科学基金重点项目 (B0 2 2 0 0 0 1

Abundance and production of bacteria and their correlations with environmental factor

以2014年8月南海北部海水样品为研究对象,利用平板计数法和流式细胞仪计数法对南海北部表层和垂直海域可培养细菌和细菌总数分布状况进行研究,对细菌; 生产力进行测定,并结合环境因子进行相关性分析。结果表明:珠江口到南海北部海域,水平方向可培养细菌总数变化范围是3.70*10~2 ~; 1.42*10~3 CFU/mL,细菌总数变化范围是5.12 * 10~5 ~1.61 * 10~6; cells/mL,细菌生产力的变化范围是0.03 ~0.40 mg/m~3/h;垂直方向上可培养细菌变化范围是1.08 *10~3 ~9.00; *10~3 CFU/mL,细菌生产力变化范围是0.01 ~0.08; mg/m~3/h,其中表层海水中的细菌生产力明显高于底层。与环境因子相关性分析表明,水平方向上,影响南海北部表层海水细菌总数和细菌生产力的主要因; 素是温度、盐度、硝酸盐(NO_3-N)、硅酸盐(SiO_3-Si)、亚硝酸盐(NO_2-N)和磷酸盐(PO_4-P)(P<0.05);垂直方向上; ,影响南海北部可培养细菌总数的主要因素是NO_2-N(P<0.05),影响细菌生产力的主要影响因素是温度和盐度(P; <0.05)。可见,南海北部表层海水中细菌总数高于可培养细菌总数2; ~3个数量级,表明该海域表层海水存在大量不可培养细菌;细菌的生命活动在海水表层相较底层更为活跃。Distribution of abundance and production of bacteria and their; correlations with environmental factor were investigated, using plate; count method and flow cytometry, in the surface and vertical waters of; the northern south China sea in August 2014. The cultivable bacterial; abundance ranged from 3.70 * 10~2 CFU/mL to 1.42 * 10~3 CFU/ mL, the; total bacterial abundance ranged from 5.12 * 10~5 cells/mL to 1.61 *; 10~6 cells/mL and the bacterial productions varied from 0.03 mg/m~3/h to; 0.40 mg/m~3/h in horizontal distribution. In vertical distribution, the; cultivable bacterial abundance ranged from 1.08 * 10~3 CFU/mL to 9.00 *; 10~3 CFU/mL and the bacterial productions varied from 0.01 mg/m~3/h to; 0.08 mg/m~3/h, respectively. The correlation analysis results showed; that the environmental factors affecting the abundance of total bacteria; and bacterial productivity included temperature, salinity,; nitrate(NO_3-N),silicate (SiO_3-Si), nitrite (NO_2-N),and phosphate; (PO_4-P) (P<0.05). NO_2-N was the main influencing factor to cultivable; bacteria abundance (P < 0.05), while bacterial productivity was highly; correlated with temperature and salinity in vertical distribution of; northern south China sea (P < 0.05). The total bacterial abundance was 2; ~ 3 orders of magnitude higher than cultivable bacteria, suggesting that; there were many uncultured bacterium in surface water of northern south; China sea and bacterial activities in the surface maybe more active than; in the bottom.全球变化与海气交互作用; 国家重点研发计划全球变化及应对专项; 海洋公益性行业科研专

Diversity of CO_2 fixation gene in the surface waters of northern South China Sea in the Calvin cycle

为揭示南海北部表层海水中参与卡尔文循环的固碳基因多样性及其与环境因子的关系,本研究以卡尔文循环中的关键酶核酮糖-1,5-二磷酸羧化酶/加氧酶(Rubis CO)的Ⅰ、Ⅱ型基因(cbbL、cbbM)作为分子标记,采用Illumina Miseq高通量测序技术对海水中的固碳基因多样性进行分析,并结合多元统计分析的方法,探讨了固碳基因多样性与环境因子的关系.结果显示,在南海北部表层海水中,含cbbL基因固碳基因主要归属于变形菌门(Proteobacteria)、蓝藻门(Cyanobacteria)和厚壁菌门(Firmicutes),其中,优势亚群分别是γ-变形菌亚门(45.3%)、蓝细菌(30.9%)和β-变形杆菌亚门(23.8%);而含cbbM基因的固碳菌群未检测到;近岸的A9站位与其他站位物种组成有一定的差异,异着色菌属(Allochromatium)、硫杆菌属(Thiobacillus)和硫单胞菌属(Thiohalomonas)为其特有菌属.相关性和冗余分析(RDA)结果显示,含cbbL基因的固碳基因丰度与水温、盐度呈显著负相关(p<0.01),与硝酸盐、亚硝酸盐、硅酸盐呈显著正相关(p<0.01).To elucidate the diversity of CO_2 fixation and its relationship with environmental factors in surface water of northern South China Sea,the coding gene form I( cbbL) and form II( cbbM)( that encodes Ribulose-1,5-biphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase( Rubis CO) were chosen as biomarkers in Calvin-Benson-Bassham cycle( a common carbon fixation pathway for chemolithoautotrophic microorganisms) to analyze the carbon sequestration gene diversity. The Illumina Miseq sequencing method and multivariate statistical analysis were employed. The cbbM gene was not detected in any of samples,while the cbbL gene was found in all samples. The cbbL-containing genetic communities were dominated by Proteobacteria,Cyanobacteria and Firmicutes,in which γ-Proteobacteria( 45. 3%),Cyanobacteria( 30. 9%),β-Proteobacteria( 23. 8%) were predominant subpopulation. There were differences between the nearshore station of A9 with other stations,in which Allochromatiu,Thiobacillus and Thiohalomonas were unique species in A9 station.Relativity and redundancy analysis suggest that water temperature, salinity, nitrate, nitrite, silicate were highly statistically significant factors.Temperature and salinity were positively( p < 0. 01),while the other three factors negatively influenced CO_2 fixation gene of cbbL gene abundance( p <0. 01).全球变化与海气交互作用专项(No.GASI-03-01-02-05);; 海洋公益性行业科研专项(No.201305030,201405007)~

Study on the Analytical Method and Geochemistry of Rare Earth Elements in Yangtze Estuary

本文首先建立了海水、悬浮颗粒物、河口沉积物以及海洋生物体中REEs分析方法，然后对2002年8～9月航次长江口淡咸水混合过程中REEs海洋地球化学行为进行研究，得到以下结论： 1.建立了共沉淀分离富集——电感耦合等离子体质谱测定溶解态REEs的分析方法。该法分析流程空白为0.04(Tb)～10.17(La)ng×L-1、检出限在0.17(Yb)～1.46(La)ng×L-1之间、相对标准偏差小于±11.7%、回收率在82.2～106.9%之间，具有操作简单、快速准确、试剂用量少、本底低的优点，可用于河口淡水和外海水样品中的痕量稀土元素定量分析。 2.用常规低压强酸消化——ICP-MS测定了...Analytical research of rare earth elements (REEs) in estuarine water and seawater is the fundamental study of marine geochemistry and marine biogeochemistry. Approach of analytical methods and marine geo-chemical study of REEs has been reviewed in the fist chapter in the thesis. Based on developed analytical method of REEs in seawater, suspended particulate material, sediment and marine organisms ...学位：理学硕士院系专业：海洋与环境学院海洋学系_海洋化学学号：20002700

Geochemical behaviors of rare earth elements in sediments of the estuary of Yangtze River

用电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定了2002年8~9月航次丰水期采集的长江口表层沉积物样品,对稀土元素(REEs)在沉积物的中含量分布、配分模式及其与某些常量矿物成份之间的相关关系进行了研究.结果表明,长江口表层沉积物中REEs含量在0.17μg/g(Lu)~78.9μg/g(Ce)之间,含量高低顺序为Ce>La>Nd>Sm>Yb>Eu>Tb>Lu;用PAAS和世界平均页岩的REEs含量进行Ce、Eu异常值的计算结果表明,长江口沉积物中Ce和Eu均表现出轻微正异常;沉积物中REEs在轻稀土元素(LREE)富集的基础上,表现出中稀土元素(MREE)相对富集的特征,其中用PAAS标准化后MREE富集程度比用世界平均页岩标准化后的结果要明显.通过比较沉积物和悬浮颗粒物的分馏表征值、REEs含量和浓度变化范围等,认为长江口沉积物的主要来源是水体悬浮颗粒物.本文对REEs与A l2O3和Mn的相关性研究还发现,两者与重稀土元素(HREE)有较明显的正相关关系,其中A l2O3与HREE的线性相关性较好.To assess the distribution pattern and the fraction during estuary mixing processes and river transportation,the concentrations of rare earth elements(REEs) in sediments of the estuary of Yangtze River,China,were measured using acid digestion and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry(ICP MS).As results,REEs contents in sediments are found in range of 0.17μg/g(Lu)～78.9μg/g(Ce).In sediments the concentration level of REEs follows the order:Ce>La>Nd>Sm>Yb>Eu>Tb>Lu.The lack of any significant anomalies for Ce and Eu suggests that redox processes did not play important roles in redistribution of REEs.Normalized patterns of REEs in sediments by PAAS are dominated by a distinct convexity centered on Eu,which suggests an enrichment of MREE over both LREE and HREE.Plots of PAAS-normalized REEs data in sediments are similar to that of the residual fraction in suspended matter.国家自然科学基金资助项目(40076023

风能的可持续发展之路该怎么走

《风能》:您如何看我国风能产业的发展现状和未来走势?李家春:20世纪80年代,我国风能研究与开发利用才起步,20世纪90年代则进入建设示范项目阶段。随着2006年《中华人民共和国可再生能源法》实施,产业迎来黄金期,装机容量跃居全球之首,风力发电量在全社会用电量中的占比逐年提高。同时,技术水平稳步上升,突出表现在风电机组技术研发能力不断提高,能够规模生产具有自主知识产权的多兆瓦级大型风电机组。此外,我国风能产业的保障措施不断完善,已经初步建立了较为系统的促进风能产业发展的行业管理、制度、政策体系,基本形成利于风电发展的相对规范、公平的行业环境