等离子体反应器流场、温度场和浓度场的参数研究

文献[3,4]表述了描述等离子CVD化学反应器流场的数学物理模型,并利用Patankar方法对冷热流场作了求解。本文在此基础上就影响反应器流场、温度场和浓度场的有关参数作了理论研究。所研究的问题有:冷热流场的差别,喷射环缝密度和主流旋转速度对流动的影响。所得结果清楚地表明:这些参数的选择对反应器的性能有着不同程度的影响,而有些影响则是本质的

Photoreduction of Se(Ⅵ) by Marine Algae-Transitional Metals-Light System

以海洋绿藻(Tetraselmislevis,Chlorellaautotrophica,Dunaliellasalina,Nannochloropsissp.,Tetraselmissubcordi-formis)、硅藻(Phaeodactylumtricornutum)、红藻(Porphyridiumpurpureum)和过渡金属(铁、锰、铜)构建海藻-光二元体系、过渡金属-光二元体系、海藻-过渡金属-光三元体系,对比分析不同海藻、不同过渡金属、海藻与过渡金属耦合引发光化学过程,对Se(Ⅵ)还原转化的贡献率.二元和三元体系均可光还原转化Se(Ⅵ)为Se(Ⅳ).铁、铜、锰通过自身的光氧化还原过程诱发Se(Ⅵ)/Se(Ⅳ)的氧化还原;海藻的光化学活性首次被证实,表面壁可吸附富集海水中还原性的有机物、Se(Ⅵ)/Se(Ⅳ)和过渡金属,改变其氧化还原电位,提供光反应场所;Se(Ⅵ)的光还原转化率依海藻和过渡金属的种类、浓度不同而异;海藻浓度的提高、海藻与过渡金属的耦合作用有利于光还原转化率的提高.通过三元体系的光还原转化,Se(Ⅵ)/Se(Ⅳ)比值为1·17~2·85,接近海洋真光层Se(Ⅵ)/Se(Ⅳ)实际浓度比,即海藻和过渡金属引发的光化学过程对硒的价态分布起决定性作用.Seven marine phytoplankton, including five green algae (Tetraselmis levis, Chlorella autotrophica, Dunaliella salina, Nannochloropsis sp. and Tetraselmis subcordiformis), one diatom (Phaeodactylum tricornutum), one red alga (Porphyridium purpureum), and three usual transitional metals (Fe(Ⅲ), Cu(Ⅱ), Mn(Ⅱ)) were used to make up marine phytoplankton-light or transitional metals-light or marine phytoplankton-transitional metals-light system. In such system, Se(Ⅵ) could be transformed into Se(Ⅳ) by photoreduction. The species transformation of selenium could be photo-induced by redox reaction of transitional metals. The photochemical activity of marine phytoplankton was confirmed for the first time, because marine phytoplankton could adsorb and concentrated of selenium, transitional metals and organic substances (including the exudation of algae, as reducing agent) which redox potentials were changed. The ratios of Se(Ⅵ) to Se(Ⅳ) were dominated by the species, the concentration of marine phytoplankton and transitional metals, and it could be enhanced through increasing the concentration of marine algae or the combined effect from marine algae and transitional metals. After photoreduction by ternary system, the ratio of Se(Ⅵ) to Se(Ⅳ) ranges from 1.17 to 2.85, which is close to the actual value in euphotic layer of seawater. The photochemical process that is induced by marine algae and transitional metals dominative the leading effects on the distribution of oxidation states of selenium.国家自然科学基金资助项目(40131160735);; 福建省科技三项费用项目(K02093);; 福建省青年科技人才创新项目(2003J035);; 福建省教育厅A类项目(JA00233

急性脑卒中患者的记忆障碍与肽类物质的关系

本实验对12例缺血性脑血管病(ICVD)患者及12例对照者和12例正常健康对照者进行了临床记忆量表检查,并测定了患者及对照者的CSF、VIP及SS含量。结果:(1) ICVD患者的记忆总分及MQ均显著低于两个对照组;分项测试中联想学习,图像自由回忆成绩亦显著降低。(2) ICVD患者CSF SS含量显著低于对照组。(3) ICVD患者CSF SS含量与MQ呈显著正相关。本结果提示ICVD患者有不同程度的记忆障碍,SS与记忆有关,测定CSF SS对患者记忆状况的判断有参考价值

Recent Developments in Radiationless Transitions

在本文中,我们将介绍运用第一性原理计算包含非谐效应或势能面锥形交叉情况下内转换速率的最新工作。我们同时计算了包含非谐效应的分子吸收和发射光谱,以检验量子化学方法计算得到势能面的准确性。势能面的锥形交叉对内转换过程的影响是学界广泛关注的焦点。本文将介绍如何在内转换速率计算的过程中考虑势能面锥形交叉的影响,并将之运用于吡嗪分子。本文运用绝热近似理论处理了另外一个重要的无辐射过程,分子的振动驰豫过程,并将这个理论应用于水二聚体和苯胺的振动弛豫速率的计算。In this paper,we introduce recent works on the mathematical treatments and the first-principle calculations concerning the internal conversion rates for the cases with anharmonic potentials,and conical intersecting potentials.The simulations of absorption and emission spectra with anharmonic effects are also presented to check the validity of the potential energy surfaces obtained from the quantum chemical calculations.The effect of conical intersection on internal conversion has attracted considerable attention.In this paper a different approach is proposed and applied to pyrazine.Another important non-radiative process,molecular vibrational relaxation,is also treated by applying the adiabatic approximation to the ab initio anharmonic potential energy surfaces.The vibrational relaxation rates in water dimer and aniline are chosen to demonstrate the calculation

1978～2008年中国湿地类型变化

分别基于美国陆地卫星(Landsat MSS/TM/ETM+)和中巴资源卫星(CBERS-02B)影像数据,以人工目视解译为主,完成了中国1978～2008年4期(基准年分别为1978,1990,2000和2008年)湿地遥感制图,并进行了大量的室内外验证.在此基础上,对我国湿地现状及近30年来湿地变化进行了初步分析,得到以下主要结论:(ⅰ)截止2008年,中国湿地面积约为324097km2,其中以内陆沼泽(35%)和湖泊湿地(26%)为主.(ⅱ)1978～2008年,中国湿地面积减少了约33%,而人工湿地增加了约122%.过去30年里湿地减少的速度大幅降低,由最初5523km2/a(1978～1990年)降为831km2/a(2000～2008年).(ⅲ)减少的自然湿地(包括滨海湿地和内陆湿地),其类型变化由湿地向非湿地转化的比例逐渐降低.初期(1978～1990年)几乎全部(98%)转换为非湿地;在1990～2000年间减少的自然湿地约有86%转化为非湿地,而在2000～2008年,这一比例下降为77%.(ⅳ)气候变化和农业活动是中国湿地变化的主要驱动因素,湿地变化在中国分为三大不同特征区域,即西部三省/自治区(西藏、新疆和青海)、北部两省/自治区(黑龙江和内蒙古)和其他省市区.其中西部区域尤其是青藏高原,湿地变化的驱动因子以气候增温为主;新疆湿地由于气候增温和农业活动共同作用造成变化不大.北部省/自治区的湿地变化则主要由农业活动引起;而其他省市区的湿地变化几乎完全受控于人类的农业经济活动

Comparative Studies on Soluble Reactive Phosporus (SRP)uptake and regeneration fluxes by microplankton in Xiamen Harbour

应用32PO43-同位素稀释技术比较研究了厦门港3个站位4个季节表层（0.5M）浮游生物（＜200μM）对可溶性活性磷（SrP）吸收和再生通量。结果表明，SrP吸收和再生通量夏季（7月）最大，冬季（1月）最小；近河口的Ⅱ站SrP通量最大且季节波动性大，位于港口外缘的Ⅰ站SrP通量最小且季节波动小；各站SrP通量变化的差异与其不同的理化环境有关。文中还研究探讨了浮游生物在不同季节、不同站位对SrP吸收和再生通量的变化特性及生态适应机制。Uptake and regeneration fluxes of SRP by microplankton (<200μm) were studied com-paratively by using32PO3-4 isotope dilution techniques in Xiamen Harbour surface seawater (0.5m)of the three sampling stations from Oct.1989 to July 1990.Obvlous seasonal varia-tions of SRP fluxes were characterised by the highest uptake and regeraration rates during summer(July) and the lowest during winter (January).SeasonaI fluctuations of SRP fluxes were higher and much more violent at Station located nearby the estuary than those of Station near the outside edge of the Harbor.Differences of SRP fluxes variations at each station were correlated with each physical and chemical enviroments- Relatlons among SRP fluxes, microplankton and seawater environments were inquired into in the paper.Charac-ters of SRP fluxes and ecological adaptive mechanism of natural microplankton assembages in different seasons, differernt stations were interpreted preliminarily

Seasonal Variations of Soluble Reactive Phosphorus(SRP) Uptake and Regeneration Fluxes by Microplankton in Xiamen Harbor

用32PO43-同位素稀释法测定了厦门港小型浮游生物（＜200μM）对可溶性活性磷（SrP的吸收和再生通量；并同时测定了现场的CHlA、初级生产力和各种形态磷.厦门港SrP吸收和再生通量有明显的季节变化，夏季最大、冬季最小，且SrP通量与生源要素呈现协变性；表层（0.5M）SrP通量与CHlA成较好的正相关，SrP通量的变化与浮游植物的消长密切相关.全年平均表层SrP再生能满足初级生产磷吸收的43.3%；底层（16M）再生与吸收比远大于1，SrP的再生对初级生产的调控具有重要作用.表层全年平均SrP的周转时间为88.75H，7月SrP最低，但其周转时间也最短仅为3.7H，以最大程度地利用磷维持较高的初级生产力.较低的碳、磷同化原子比及较短的SrP周转时间表明厦门港磷同化速率较高.Uptake and regeneration Fluxes of SRP were measured by using carrier Free 32 PO 4 3- in Xiamen Harbor, Fujian, China.Concentrations of Chla, three Forms of phosphorus compounds and primary productivity were measured simultaneously in situ .Obvious seasonal variations of SRP Fluxes in Xiamen Harbor surFace seawater (0.5 m) were characterized by the highest uptake and regeneration Fluxes during summer and the lowest during winter. SRP Fluxes and biological elements covaried with their seasonal variations.SRP uptake and regeneration Fluxes were positively correlated with Chla and changes of SRP Fluxes were closely related to Fluctuations of phytoplankton.On an annual basis,SRP regeneration by microplankton could meet about 43.3% of the phosphorus requirments For primary production in surFace seawater.SRP regeneration/uptake ratios were much larger than 1 in deeper layer(16 m).Recycling SRP by microplankton was very important For regulating primary production.The annual average turnover time of SRP was 88.75 h in the surFace.SRP was the lowest but turnover time was the shortest, only 3.7 h in July, and the utilization of SRP were maximized to maintain high primary production.Lower carbon/phosphorus assimilation atomic ratios and shorter turnover time of SRP indicated that there were higher phosphorus assimilation rates in Xiamen Harbor

Studies on Uptake kinetics of Soluble Reactive Phosphorus(SRP) by Microplankton in Xiamen Harbor

于1990年4个季节在厦门港进行对浮游生物（＜200μM）对SrP吸收动力学的现场实验.结果表明，SrP吸收动力学4个季节都符合MICHAElIS-MEnTEn方程，最大吸收速率（VMAX）是夏＞春＞秋＞冬，分别是各季SrP吸收速率的1.10，2.33，3.09和3.55倍；SrP吸收半饱和常数（kS）是夏＜秋＜冬＜春，分别是各季SrP的1.29，2.30，2.19和3.69倍，与SrP成负相关.初步阐明了自然浮游生物群落在不同季节对SrP的吸收特性和生态适应机制；首次探讨了运用32PO3-4同位素稀释技术研究营养盐吸收动力学的实验方法.SRP uptake kinetics by microplankton experiments in situ were conducted seasonally from Feb.to Nov.1990 in Xiamen Harbor.Results showed that SRP uptake kinetics in all seasons could fit MichaelisMenten equation and seasonal variations in the parameters of SRP uptake kinetics,maximum uptake rates (V_max, summer>spring>fall>winter) and half uptake saturation constants (Ks,summer<fall<winter<spring).V_max was negatively correlated with SRP.V_max was 1.10, 2.33, 3.09, 3.55 times to SRP uptake rates and Ks was 1.29, 3.69, 2.30, 2.19 times to SRP in summer,spring,fall and winter respectively.Differences of SRP uptake kinetics were reflections of ecological adaptive mechanisms of natural microplankton assemblages in different seasons.Experimental methods for nutrient uptake kinitics by using 32PO_4--3- isotope dilution techniques were firstly inquired into in the paper

Thermal Analysis of Mitochondria in Vitro from Maxie Cytoplasmic Male Sterile Line and Maintainer in Rice

以新选育出的水稻细胞质雄性不育系马协A及其相应保持系协青早（简称马协b）为材料，分别从它们黄化苗中提取线粒体.一方面于体外测定线粒体能量代谢谱，进行热化学分析，得到一系列热力学参数和动力学参数，建立起反映线粒体体外能量代谢模式的热动力学方程.通过对不育系和保持系的比较发现，不育系线粒体在能量释放大小、代谢时间、能量代谢阶段的复杂性上明显低于保持系，从而得出不育系线粒体能量代谢水平低，造成供能匮乏从而导致不育；同时进行线粒体dSC（差示扫描量热法）分析，发现不育系能量代谢的释活能（E）、释活指数（n）明显比相应保持系高，从而可得出，不育系能量代谢水平低，形成原因可能是不育系线粒体中参与能量代谢的酶系统活性较低.The metabolic thermograms and DSC curves of the mitochondria that were isolated from the cytoplasmic male sterile line Maxie A and its maintainer Maxie B were determined.Thermodynamical values kinetic parameters and formula were established respectively, The results obtained were as follows: (1)In metabolic thermograms, the mitochondria of sterile line are lower than that of maintainer in the amount of energy releasing, activity time and complexity of energy metabolic stages.which may cause the lower energy offering in sterilite line and result in sterility; (2) In DSC analysis, the energy of releasing ( E ) and index of releasing (n) are higher in the mitochordria of sterile line than that of maintainer, which may result in the lower energy level in sterile line.The cause may be the lower activity of enzyme system in sterile line mitochondria

A new type of solar-driven ORC-HP combined heat and power coupling system

提出了一种新型太阳能平板集热器、有机朗肯循环和热泵循环联合的热电联产系统（SORC-HP），系统分别采用有机工质R245fa和制冷剂R22作为朗肯循环和热泵循环的工作介质。通过流程模拟软件gPROMS对整个联合系统进行模拟仿真，以系统的净功率输出、发电效率和热电联产（CHP）效率为性能指标，分析了6个关键参数对联合系统性能的影响。结果显示：存在最优的导热油流率和制冷剂冷凝温度使系统的CHP效率取得极值。将此系统与传统的太阳能有机朗肯循环系统进行对比，结果表明在太阳辐射度为1000w／m2时，联合系统的CHP效率比普通太阳能ORC系统高3．7％。In this paper, a combined heat and power system which is composed of flat plate solarcollector, organic Rankine cycle （ORC） and heat pump is proposed, organic fluid R245fa andrefrigerant R22 are used respectively as the working fluid of ORC and heat pump cycle. Thecombined system is simulated by process simulation software gPROMS, the effect of six keyparameters on the system performance are analyzed based on net power output, power generationefficiency and CHP efficiency of the system. Results show that there is an optimal flow rate ofheat transfer oil and the condensation temperature of refrigerant which let CHP efficiency getmaximum value. The combined system is compared with the traditional solar organic Rankinecycle, the results show that CHP efficiency of the combined system is 3.7% higher than that ofthe ordinary solar ORC when the solar radiation is 1000 W/m2.厦门大学校长基金项目（20720150111）