文献レビューに基づく路上犯罪の都市環境的ハザード抽出

Social interest in "Planning for Crime Prevention", for the purpose of improving urban crime prevention, is increasing. The previous studies that elucidated the urban environmental factors that affected the crime played a major part in Planning for Crime Prevention, and, furthermore, these findings from the previous studies have been used when we discovered a potentially dangerous area. However, in fact, the urban environmental factors affecting the crime do not cause a crime, and these factors are only hazard of the crimes. Therefore a purpose of this study is to extract crime hazards through literature review to investigate urban environmental indexes that are capable of helping a risk evaluation or analysis. Specifically, the following were conducted. 1) From among domestic journals published from 1980 through 2011, the articles on the relationship between urban environment and crime were sorted; 2) The crime hazards regarding street crimes were extracted from these articles

地域住民による防犯パトロールは性犯罪を抑止しているか？―福岡市における犯罪発生状況と防犯ボランティア意識調査をもとに―

The purpose of this paper is, first, to describe the situation of sex crimes in Fukuoka Prefecture by analyzing the incidents data on 142 cases of outdoor sexual offensesoccurred in 2016 and 2017, in which the perpetrators were arrested and the details were known, provided by the Fukuoka Prefectural Police. It is observed that the reality is very different from the conventional image: (1) Less than 40% of the victims were in the situation using a smartphone or drinking alcohol, (2) Victims were mainly wearing "T-shirts," "pants," and "hoodies," and less revealing clothes were seen, (3) More victims lived with their family than living alone. Second, survey among volunteers patrolling the community were conducted to identify the gap between their perception and reality. Regarding the survey, a tendency to attribute the victim\u27s clothing and psychological guardedness is persistent. Half of the volunteers perceived the crime to be caused by the victim. Third, as community policing activities for crime prevention, the following should be considered: (1) public disclosure and sharing of data on crime situations by local police, (2) volunteer crime prevention activities based on evidence, and (3) proactive proposals for new methods.本論文の目的は，第１に、2016年および2017年の屋外で発生した性犯罪について福岡県警から提供された発生状況データを分析し、福岡県の性犯罪の状況を記述することである。第2に，地域パトロールを行うボランティアの性犯罪の認識に関する意識調査を行い，彼らの認識と現実とのギャップを明らかにする。第３に、以上のエビデンスをもとに防犯に関するコミュニティ警察活動に向けた考察を行うことである。犯罪状況データについては，通俗的な理解とは大きく異なる実態が見えてきた。地域パトロールを行うボランティアの意識調査については、被害者の服装や心理的な油断に帰属する傾向が根強い，という傾向が見えてきた。防犯に向けたコミュニティ警察活動政策として，(1)犯罪発生状況のデータの公開と共有であること，(2)データに基づいた防犯ボランティア活動であること，(3)新たな方法の積極的な提案であること，といった施策が考えられる

犯罪多発地点の予測に基づく防犯パトロール経路に関する提案

In this paper, we discuss crime preventive patrol route based on prospective hot spots. First, examining crime prediction using retrospective crime data in Saitama-city, Prospective hot spots were identified by Kernel Density Estimation and Risk Terrain Modeling and we create crime prevention patrol route based on identified hot spots which was supposed by officers. Next, in order to assess the practicality of built patrol, we conducted questionnaire survey on police officers in charge of the patrol. The result was supported the practicality from officers. Finally, we propose crime preventive patrol route to police headquarters