2,184 research outputs found
Intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm (IPMN):UPDATE
At present, IPMN is broadly divided into two main types: main duct and branch duct. However, as discussed below, the definition of mixed-type IPMN is gradually becoming accepted. In main duct IPMN, the main pancreatic duct is very dilated, while in branch duct IPMN, the branches of the pancreatic duct are dilated, resembling a bunch of grapes.IPMN is most frequently diagnosed in the elderly (around 65 years old), and the male to female ratio is 2:1, indicating that the incidence of the disease is twofold higher in males than in females. IPMN most commonly originates in the head of the pancreas, and approximately 70% of IPMN lesions are found in the head of the pancreas. It also tends to occur in multiple sites.With regard to imaging, endoscopy has revealed that the opening of the papilla of Vater, located in the duodenum close to the stomach, is dilated by mucus. This dilation of the papillary opening of Vater by mucus is a key characteristic of IPMN. When directly viewed by pancreatoscopy, IPMN appears as small protrusions similar to salmon roe
Perioperative Management of Pancreaticoduodenectomy
ãThe importance of perioperative management in pancreaticoduodenectomy has trebled, as the size of the elderly population continues to increase yearly. Recently, in our department, 17.6 percent of 159 patients undergoing pancreaticoduodenectomy were 75 years or older. Of greatest concern is the prevention of postoperative pneumonia. We have obtained favorable results through preoperative care by having patients strengthen respiratory muscles through incentive spirometry, practice walking, going up and down stairs, and practice expectoration of sputum using tissues. In postoperative care, we consistently apply, whenever appropriate, tapping and vibration to the entire back, prone therapy, and hyperbaric oxygen therapy, among other things. In preparation for surgery, we make the patient conscious of the imminent major surgery, as the patient must exhibit a strong will and readiness to fight the disease. This article also explains the importance and methods of drain placement and continuous lavage of the drains in relation to pancreaticoduodenectomy.ïŒKimura in GekaïŒNankodo. CoïŒ74: 1091-1095, 2012
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žåèã¯å³èåèãšå»åããŠããããããŒã¯ãŒãïŒèµèãåè解åã暪è¡èµåèãèåŽèµåèã倧èµåèã[Aim] In spite of many studies for the anatomy of the pancreatic arteries, details of them are still unknown. We investigated the arteries on the basis of anatomical findings.ã[Method] Ten cadaveric pancreas were dissected and distribution and diameter of the pancreatic arteries were evaluated.ã[Results] The anterior- and posterior-superior pancreaticoduodenal artery branched from the root of the gastroduodenal artery at the point 5.7±1.2 and 1.2±0.7 mm distal from the root, respectively. Dominant feeding artery of the transverse pancreatic artery was the gastroduodenal artery rather than the dorsal pancreatic artery.ãThe dorsal pancreatic artery ran behind the splenic vein and main pancreatic duct. Origin of the dorsal pancreatic artery located at the bifurcation of the celiac artery or the common hepatic and splenic arteries within 1.5 cm distal from the celiac artery.ãInferior pancreaticoduodenal artery joined the right or posterior side of the superior mesenteric artery.ãWhen the right hepatic artery originated from the superior mesenteric artery,the posterior-superior pancreaticoduodenal artery joined the right hepatic artery.ãKey words: pancreas, arterial anatomy, transverse pancreatic artery, dorsal pancreatic artery, great pancreatic arter
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åæ³çæ³ãBreast cancer is the most prevalent cancer of the women in Yamagata, breast preserving partial mastectomy often applied for breast cancer.ãPreoperative diagnostic methods for the extension of the cancer are mammography, ultrasound sonography, computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, and 99mTc-MIBI scinti-mammmo-graphy.ãThe first step in the breast preserving mastectomy is the dye injection into the breast tissue as a guide of resection. After skin incision, a relatively thick skin flap is made 1cm beyond to the dye marking points. Breast tissue is perpendicularly and cut margin is histologically examined to determine whether cancer cells exist or not.ãThe next step is axillar lymph node dissection.After taping of long thoracic, thoraco-dorsal, inferior pectoral, and intercost-brachial nerves, lymph nodes which are located on lateral side of the pectoralis minor muscle (Level â
) are dissected. Lymph nodes behind the pectoralis minor muscle (Level â
¡) are dissected, after lifting of the pectoralis minor muscle.ãRemnant breast tissue is dissected with fascia of the pectoralis major muscle, and reconstruction of the remnant breast tissue is carried out. A drainage tube is inserted to the axillar space, and the wound is sutured.ãPostoperative radiotherapy is performed beginning three week after the operation (50 Gy with X-ray). Adjuvant chemotherapy is decided by the status of lymph node metastasis and histologocal grade of the malignancy of the cancer. Adjuvant endocrine therapy is decided according to the hormone receptors.ãIn conclusion, patients who receive breast preserving mastectomy have a good survival rate and quality of life. However, various examinations are reqired in order to obtain precise preoperative diagnosis of the cancer extension, and avoid cancer cell exposure at the surgical margin. Moreover, combined adjuvant therapy, such as radiotherapy and chemo-endocrine therapy, must be selected by the malignancy grade and lymph node status of the cancer.ãKey words : Breast preserving mastectomy, breast cancer, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, endocrinetherap
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ç«æè²ãé£ç¶åçãèééšè管çãèå¢çBackground : Most commonly, the status of regional lymph node was examined by only one section in maximum diameter patho-logically. Therefore, the minute metastatic lesion was result in node negative. The most important disease-related prognostic factor in primary cancer of the digestive system is the status of regional lymph nodes. Recently, there are many reports about micro-metastases in various malignant tumors of the digestive systems. But it\u27s prognostic significance remains to be clarified.ãMethods : The lymph nodes obtained from 19 node-negative patients in hilar bile duct cancer, 15 node-negative patients in pT2 gallbladder cancer, and 10 node-negative patients in mid-and-lower bile duct cancer were sectioned at multi-level, and stained immuno-hisochemically for detecting micrometastases. And then the associations between micrometastases and other clinico-pathological variables andprognosis were assessed.ãResults : Micrometastases were present in 6 cases (31.5%) in hilar bile duct cancer, 3 cases (20.0%) in pT2 gallbladder cancer, and no case in mid-and-lower bile duct cancer. The presence of micro-metastases was unrelated to any clinicopathological factors, and they were not independent factors stastically.ãConclusions : The presence of the micrometastases detected by serial sectioning and immunohistochemistry did not have significant prognostic value in primary cancer of the hepatobilialy system, a larger series would be found to dissolve this problem certainly.ãKey words : micrometastases, serial section, immunohistchemistry, hilar bile duct carcinoma, gallbladder carcinom
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Comparative studies of rituals between Bhutanese and Tibetan chams, for the purpose of a study Gigaku. -"Quasi-experience" of "a boundary between sacred and secular world" in the Bhutanese Tsechu festival at Trongsa Dzong-
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