松木粉气流床气化特性实验研究

在气流床气化实验装置上进行了松木粉气化特性的研究。考察了温度、氧当量比、水蒸气配比对气体产物的成分、气化特性和固体产物的微观形态及成分的影响，结果表明，随着温度的升高，CO与H2浓度显著升高，CO2与CH4浓度明显下降，碳转化率、产气率、产气热值有所提高；氧当量比从0．2上升至0．5时，CO与H2浓度降低超过10％，CO2浓度则上升100％以上，碳转化率提高至92．9％，产气率有所上升，而产气热值则降低超过20％；水蒸气配比从0增大至0．58时，H2／CO体积比由0．63提高为1．40，碳转化率、产气率和产气热值均呈现先增大后减小趋势。由SEM照片可以看出，固体残渣主要由类球状或块状结构与纤维团聚结构两部分组成。温度升高使残渣颗粒由呈现不规则形状逐渐向球形转化，氧当量比的增大使残渣中类球状颗粒表面孔洞与裂缝明显增多直至破碎

Fruit rot disease of pineapple caused by Burkholderia gladioli

將採集自南投縣及嘉義縣之無病徵鳳梨剖開後發現花室組織褐化及輕微軟腐的現象。經柯霍氏法則確認分離自鳳梨之病原為細菌；生理生化測定顯示病原細菌為革蘭氏陰性，桿狀，具單極生一至多根鞭毛之好氣菌，在KB培養基上不會產生螢光色素，在NA上為白色菌落，培養後產生可溶性黃色色素，此結果顯示該病原細菌與Burkholderia gladioli的特性相近，經Biolog鑑定以及脂肪酸分析結果亦為B. gladioli。以對B. gladioli具專一性CMG-23-1/G-23-2引子組對病原菌進行PCR鑑定，可產生388 bp大小的專一性DNA條帶，再以f8-27/r1510引子對增幅該病原菌之165 rDNA片段進行定序與鑑定，確認該病原菌為B. gladioli，由B. gladioli引起之鳳梨果腐病在鳳梨病害上為首次記載。以11種殺菌劑測試在一般使用濃度下對該病菌生長之抑制效果，顯示供試11種藥劑包括歐索林酸、鋅錳乃浦、四環黴素、氫氧化銅、嘉賜黴素、嘉賜銅、鏈四環黴素、多保鏈黴素、鏈黴素、鹼什氯氧化銅及三元硫酸銅等藥劑均能抑制病原菌生長，且以歐索林酸抑制效果最佳。 A new record of pineapple disease in Taiwan was investigated. The disease did not cause apparent symptoms on pineapple plants or fruit surfaces, but it induced browning and mild soft-rot to the fruit flesh, similar to the pineapple marbling disease caused by Pantoea ananatis. Based on the symptom and pathological studies, physiological and biochemical analyses, Biolog GN2 and MIDI Sherlock Microbial Identification comparisons, the pathogen was identified as Burkholderia gladioli. PCR identification showed that the pathogen, same with B. gladioli isolated from various host plants, contained a DNA segment of 388 bp that is not found in P. ananatis. Results from 16S rDNA sequencing and comparison revealed that the degree of similarity to the ones of B. gladioli reached 99%. Besides, eleven commercial agrochemicals were tested and all found to inhibit the growth of this pathogen; among which, oxolinic acid was identified to be the most effective one

Fruit rot disease of pineapple caused by Burkholderia gladioli

將採集自南投縣及嘉義縣之無病徵鳳梨剖開後發現花室組織褐化及輕微軟腐的現象。經柯霍氏法則確認分離自鳳梨之病原為細菌；生理生化測定顯示病原細菌為革蘭氏陰性，桿狀，具單極生一至多根鞭毛之好氣菌，在KB培養基上不會產生螢光色素，在NA上為白色菌落，培養後產生可溶性黃色色素，此結果顯示該病原細菌與Burkholderia gladioli的特性相近，經Biolog鑑定以及脂肪酸分析結果亦為B. gladioli。以對B. gladioli具專一性CMG-23-1/G-23-2引子組對病原菌進行PCR鑑定，可產生388 bp大小的專一性DNA條帶，再以f8-27/r1510引子對增幅該病原菌之165 rDNA片段進行定序與鑑定，確認該病原菌為B. gladioli，由B. gladioli引起之鳳梨果腐病在鳳梨病害上為首次記載。以11種殺菌劑測試在一般使用濃度下對該病菌生長之抑制效果，顯示供試11種藥劑包括歐索林酸、鋅錳乃浦、四環黴素、氫氧化銅、嘉賜黴素、嘉賜銅、鏈四環黴素、多保鏈黴素、鏈黴素、鹼什氯氧化銅及三元硫酸銅等藥劑均能抑制病原菌生長，且以歐索林酸抑制效果最佳。 A new record of pineapple disease in Taiwan was investigated. The disease did not cause apparent symptoms on pineapple plants or fruit surfaces, but it induced browning and mild soft-rot to the fruit flesh, similar to the pineapple marbling disease caused by Pantoea ananatis. Based on the symptom and pathological studies, physiological and biochemical analyses, Biolog GN2 and MIDI Sherlock Microbial Identification comparisons, the pathogen was identified as Burkholderia gladioli. PCR identification showed that the pathogen, same with B. gladioli isolated from various host plants, contained a DNA segment of 388 bp that is not found in P. ananatis. Results from 16S rDNA sequencing and comparison revealed that the degree of similarity to the ones of B. gladioli reached 99%. Besides, eleven commercial agrochemicals were tested and all found to inhibit the growth of this pathogen; among which, oxolinic acid was identified to be the most effective one

Determination of the number of ψ(3686) events taken at BESIII

The number of ψ(3686) events collected by the BESIII detector during the 2021 run period is determined to be (2259.3±11.1)×106 by counting inclusive ψ(3686) hadronic events. The uncertainty is systematic and the statistical uncertainty is negligible. Meanwhile, the numbers of ψ(3686) events collected during the 2009 and 2012 run periods are updated to be (107.7±0.6)×106 and (345.4±2.6)×106, respectively. Both numbers are consistent with the previous measurements within one standard deviation. The total number of ψ(3686) events in the three data samples is (2712.4±14.3)×10^