世界孩儿参属(Pseudostellaria Pax)的分类纲要及地理分布

在标本和文献综合分析的基础上,对世界范围内孩儿参属(Pseudostellaria Pax)植物的主要形态特征进行了总结,依据Mizushima的分类系统编制了孩儿参属的分类检索表,对5个存疑种进行了初步分类处理,并对孩儿参属各种类的分布状况进行了绘图和分析。结果表明:具有肉质块根、绝大多数种具有闭锁花以及开放花花瓣常呈2浅裂是孩儿参属区别于石竹科(Caryophyllaceae)其他属的典型特征。初步确认全世界的孩儿参属植物共22种,被分成Sect.Pseudostellaria和Sect.Mamillatae 2个组,其中,前者仅包含石生孩儿参〔P.rupestris(Turcz.)Pax〕1种,而后者则被进一步分成Ser.Mamillatae和Ser.Distantes 2个系。本研究结果不支持将P.sierrae Rabeler et R.L.Hartm.和P.oxyphylla(B.L.Rob.)R.L.Hartm.et Rabeler归入孩儿参属的观点,并建议将矮小孩儿参〔P.maximowicziana(Franch.et Sav.)Pax〕、须弥孩儿参〔P.himalaica(Franch.)Pax〕和异花孩儿参〔P.heterantha(Maxim.)Pax〕分别独立成种。从分布区域看,孩儿参属呈北温带间断分布,由北美洲、地中海地区和东亚3个相互隔离的地理区域组成,并且,东亚为其多样化分布中心

一种抑制浮式平台整体运动的蛇形调谐液柱阻尼器

本发明公开了一种抑制浮式平台整体运动的蛇形调谐液柱阻尼器，由两个L型垂直管段、两个以上的U型水平管段、直线型水平管段和节流孔板通过接头连接而成,各个管段首尾依次串联连接，所述节流孔板设置在各管段连接处，L型垂直管段设置在阻尼器两端，U型水平管段用于改变阻尼器内液体运动方向，从而在保证阻尼器总长度一定的条件下极大减少了水平占地长度，直线型水平管段用于连接各个U型水平管段和L型垂直管段，从而进一步微调阻尼器的水平占地长度；所述阻尼器的水平占地长度小于阻尼器水平段总长度。该阻尼器的水平段包含了多个蛇形弯曲，使原本很长水平方向上占地长度缩短，而且仍然具有良好的运动抑制效果

一种基于小水线面减振装置的浮式平台运动抑制系统

本发明公开了一种基于小水线面减振装置的浮式平台运动抑制系统，包括：一个以上的旋转体，每个旋转体的水平横截面面积均设计为沿铅垂方向可变，每个旋转体均固定于平台浮体结构上；每个旋转体的上底面为封闭或者局部开孔通向外界，下底面敞开浸入外界液体并与其相通，旋转体上部空间由气体占据形成气室，下部空间由外界液体占据形成液柱。本发明的小水线面减振装置固定于平台浮体结构上，通过对减振装置在平台上的位置进行优化布局，可使减振系统在较宽的波浪频域内，均能起到较好的运动抑制效果。该系统可以在不明显增加平台质量的情况下，有效抑制平台的运动，改善平台的作业环境，大幅降低平台的造价

力和力矩控制加载的大振幅平动转动耦合振动实验装置

本发明公开了一种力和力矩控制加载的大振幅平动转动多自由度耦合振动实验装置，包括：门式钢架，该门式钢架包括两个支撑立柱、顶部横梁、底部横梁和用于固定减振器的位于所述顶部横梁和底部横梁之间的承载平台；振动结构板，包括上部振动结构板和下部振动结构板；加载弹簧，包括水平加载弹簧和垂向加载弹簧；三向加速度传感器，设置在所述上部振动结构板上；位移传感器，设置在所述上部振动结构板和顶部横梁之间。本发明实验装置适用性强、操作简单；适用于各种海洋工程结构物、舰船潜艇、高速铁路列车、超大跨度建筑结构、军民用飞机、航天器等实验模拟

Synthesis and Liquid Crystal Behavior of Dodob Acid Grafted Chitosan

[中文文摘]甲壳素/壳聚糖是拥有多个反应性官能团的天然多糖,而树状分子则是一类可以在分子水平上控制和设计大小、形状、结构和功能基团的化合物,将其作为侧链通过接枝反应引入到壳聚糖主链上有望获得新型的天然高分子液晶材料.我们利用经典的收敛法合成了DOBOB酸(3,4,5-三[对-(十二烷氧基)苄氧基]苯甲酸)树枝状分子,并且以对甲苯磺酰氯为催化剂,在吡啶/无水氯化锂的溶剂体系中将其接枝到壳聚糖分子链上,产物的化学结构经红外1、H-NMR1、3C-NMR以及元素分析表征验证.通过DSC和热台偏光显微镜研究表明,这种树枝状分子接枝壳聚糖化合物同时具有热致和溶致液晶性,是一种全新的壳聚糖衍生物液晶.[英文文摘]Chitin/chitosan are natural polysaccharide which have multiple functional groups,whereas dendrimers are a new category of dendritic molecules which have highly structure order.The molecule size,shape,structure and functional groups of the latter can be controlled and designed on the molecular scale.By the way of grafting reaction,dendrimers can be attached to chitosan mainchain as the side chain bearing unique qualities and functions.The resulting compound may became a new type of natural polymer liquid-crystal material. 1-Bromododecane , p-hydroxybenzaldehyde and methyl-3 ,4 ,5-trihydroxybenzoate were used as raw materials to synthesize a dendrimer (DOBOB acid) by the way of constringency, then grafted onto a chitosan (CS) mainchain in reaction system of pyridine/ LiCl ,using p-TsCl as the catalyst . Their chemical structures were charasterized by FTIR ,？H-NMR ,？C-NMR and element analysis. The final product DOBOB2g2CS was observed to possess both the behaviors of thermot ropic liquid crystal and lyotropic liquid crystal under POM. We achieved a new species liquid crystal of chitosan derivative ultimately.国家自然科学基金(20774077); 福建省自然科学基金(E0510003); 厦门市科技计划项目(3502Z20055013）

Characteristics and trends of household carbon emissions research from 1993 to 2019 A bibliometric analysis and its implications

The study of household carbon emissions (HCEs) has become one of the most important topics in sustainability research due to the growing awareness of its significances in responding to global warming. This paper aims to identify the trends and characteristics of HCEs research for the period 1993-2019 through the bibliometric analysis approach. The impacts of most productive journals, countries, institutions and authors are evaluated by citation analysis, while the co-authorship network between various countries, institutions as well as the co-occurrence among different keywords are presented. The results of this paper provide a detailed picture on HCEs-related articles from 1993 to 2019. Both the number of publications on HCEs and the cooperation among countries and institutions have increased during the period. Keyword analysis suggests that the revelation of current status of HCEs and corresponding influencing factors are the main lines of HCEs research, and the prediction of HCEs should become the focus of future research. The valuable results obtained from this study can help the academic professionals keep informed of the latest developments in the HCEs-related field.</p

Nutritional components,textural properties,and in vitro starch hydrolysis of steamed hulless barley bread

青稞是我国藏区的主要农作物,富含beta-葡聚糖、黄酮、生育酚等多种生理活性成分.通过比较分析青稞全麦粉和小麦粉的粉质和糊化特性差异,研制青稞全麦粉占面粉含量60%的高青稞含量的青稞全麦馒头粉,并对青稞全麦馒头的营养、感官、质构以及体外淀粉水解等方面的特性进行评价.结果显示:(1)青稞全麦粉吸水率、弱化度显著高于小麦粉,面团形成时间、稳定时间以及粉质质量指数显著低于小麦粉,通过添加谷朊粉,青稞全麦馒头粉的粉质特性得到了改善,其面团形成时间和稳定时间延长,弱化度降低,粉质质量指数增加;青稞全麦粉比小麦粉更易糊化,峰值粘度、崩解值和回生值增加,混粉后青稞全麦馒头粉的低谷粘度与小麦粉差异显著,其他参数无显著差异;(2)青稞全麦馒头的蛋白质和beta-葡聚糖含量都显著高于小麦馒头,其中beta-葡聚糖含量为2.33%-2.78%,是小麦馒头的10倍;(3)青稞全麦馒头感官品质显著低于小麦馒头,但仍具有较好的整体接受度;(4)与小麦馒头比较,青稞全麦馒头的硬度、胶着性、咀嚼度等指标显著增加,而粘附性、回复性等指标则显著降低;(5)青稞全麦馒头的抗性淀粉(RS)含量显著高于小麦馒头,而极易消化淀粉(VRDS)、易消化淀粉(RDS)、血糖生成指数(GI)均显著低于小麦馒头.本研究表明,青稞全麦馒头不仅具有独特的口感和香味,而且比小麦馒头具有更高的营养价值,尤其是低GI值,可缓解餐后血糖指数的升高,更利于人们对血糖的控制,因而青稞可以作为一种优质的主要原料用于馒头加工

青稞籽粒主要组分对其淀粉膨胀势的影响

青稞是我国藏区的主要粮食作物,其淀粉膨胀势是淀粉特性的重要指标.为明确青稞籽粒组分对青稞膨胀势的影响以及淀粉膨胀势与全麦粉膨胀势之间的关系,研究了25份青稞材料籽粒主要成分的含量差异、淀粉与全麦粉的膨胀势差异以及籽粒组分与膨胀势的关系.结果显示,青稞的蛋白质含量、β-葡聚糖含量和直链淀粉含量的平均值分别为13.83%、5.74%和27.44%,材料间差异很大,变幅分别为11.70%-16.40%、4.07%-9.70%和0.23%-37.81%.用以预测α-淀粉酶活性的降落值变异也很大,变幅为76-515 s,平均值为365.12 s.不同青稞材料的淀粉和全麦粉的膨胀势都有明显差异,淀粉膨胀势为10.45-21.03,而全麦粉为2.91-16.03.青稞籽粒不同组分对淀粉或全麦粉膨胀势的影响不同,直链淀粉抑制淀粉膨胀,β-葡聚糖含量与青稞全麦粉的膨胀势成正相关,而高α-淀粉酶活性会降低青稞粉的膨胀势.青稞全麦粉膨胀势与淀粉膨胀势呈显著正相关.本研究表明不同青稞材料的膨胀势差异较大,不同籽粒组分对膨胀势的影响不同,不同青稞全麦粉膨胀势变化趋势与其淀粉膨胀势的变化一致,因此可使用全麦粉膨胀势替代淀粉膨胀势进行青稞材料的筛选,具有方便、省时、快捷的优势

Implementation of assembly task based on guided policy search algorithm

At present, safely solving complex and high-precision assembly tasks in an unstructured environment is still an unresolved challenge. The development of artificial intelligence technology provides new ideas for robots in unstructured scenes to autonomously solve the problem of contact-rich peg-in-hole tasks. In this paper, we construct the shaft hole assembly task as a reinforcement learning problem, explore the change of the convergence rate when adding force and torque information in the state space, and evaluate the performance of the guided policy search algorithm on the shaft hole assembly task. We also compared the changes in the force and torque feedback from sensors at the beginning and end of learning. The experiment proves that we can complete the specific shaft hole assembly task by learning, and also shows the effectiveness of using the force and torque information when the peg and hole parts are in contact