Functional groups of benthic macrofauna in the 14th Yong intertidal zone of Nansha,Guangzhou

大型底栖动物根据食性可分为浮游生物食者(planktophagous,Pl)、植食者(phytophagous,Ph)、肉食者(carnivorous,C)、杂食者(omnivorous,O)和碎屑食者(detritivorous,D)五个功能群。本文根据2007–2008年度和2013–2014年度在茳芏(Cyperus malaccensis)、海桑(Sonneratia caseolaris)2种生境调查获得的各4个季度的大型底栖动物数据,分析了广州南沙十四涌潮间带大型底栖动物功能群的生境差异、季节变化和年际变化。2007–2008年度采集到26种大型底栖动物,低于2013–2014年度的36种。无论是2007–2008年度还是2013–2014年度,茳芏、海桑生境的大型底栖动物均以植食者的栖息密度和生物量最高,碎屑食者的栖息密度和生物量最低。生境比较得出,茳芏生境大型底栖动物浮游生物食者(Pl)的丰富度指数(d)、均匀度指数(J)和多样性指数(H')均高于海桑生境。年度比较得出,在茳芏和海桑生境,2013–2014年度浮游生物食者的丰富度指数、均匀度指数和多样性指数均高于2007–2008年度,这是因为2013–2014年度采集到红树蚬(Gelonia coaxans)和彩虹明樱蛤(Morerlla iridescens)等,而2007–2008年度没有采集到。Benthic macrofauna were classified into 5 functional groups,i.e.planktophagous(Pl),phytophagous(Ph),carnivorous(C),omnivorous(O) and detritivorous(D).The biotope difference,seasonal and annual variations of functional group of benthic macrofauna in the intertidal zone of the 14 th Yong of Nansha,Guangzhou were analyzed in this study according to the four seasonal data of benthic macrofauna collected in two biotopes(Cyperus malaccensis and Sonneratia caseolaris) in 2007–2008 and 2013–2014.A total of 26 species were recorded in 2007–2008,which was lower than 36 species in 2013–2014.Both in 2007–2008 and 2013–2014,phytophagous group showed the highest value while detritivorous group shared the lowest one in density and biomass.Habitat comparison showed that the abundance index(d),evenness index(J) and diversity index(H') of planktophagous group in Cyperus malaccensis habitat were all higher than those in Sonneratia caseolaris habitat.Annual comparison showed that the abundance index,evenness index and diversity index of planktophagous group in 2013–2014 were all higher than those in 2007 –2008 both in Cyperus malaccensis and Sonneratia caseolaris habitats because the planktophagous such as Gelonia coaxans and Morerlla iridescens and so on were collected in 2013–2014 but they were not found in 2007–2008.国家自然科学基金(41176089和41376113

载体硅烷化改性对W/MCM-22催化剂上甲烷脱氢芳构化反应性能的影响

用正硅酸乙脂(TEOS)和三甲基氯硅烷(TMCS)为硅烷化试剂,分别对MCM-22分子筛进行表面改性处理,考察其对所担载W/MCM-22基催化剂上甲烷脱氢芳构化(DHAM)反应性能的影响,结果表明,TEOS或TMCS对MCM-22分子筛载体的硅烷化处理主要导致分子筛外表面最强和最弱的表面酸性位被消去,分子筛孔道内的B酸位(芳构化中心)几不受影响;在DHAM反应化学上表现为:CH4转化率大体持平,但芳烃选择性明显上升,催化剂的结焦/积碳速率有所减缓,单程操作寿命明显延长.在经硅烷化处理的8%W-0.6%Zn/MCM-22催化剂上,苯选择性最高达73.1 C%(相应甲烷转化率为15.3%),是未经硅烷化处理相应参比样(61.3 C%)的~1.2倍,单程操作寿命从300 min延长至470 min(就同等芳烃产率水平而言);类似的结果在Mo促进的W/MCM-22体系上也观察到.经硅烷化改性催化剂上可溶性积炭主要是分子量较低(在200~400范围)的饱和脂肪烃聚合物,而未经硅烷化处理参比样的可溶性积炭分子量多在500以上

甲烷无氧脱氢芳构化双促进W/MCM-22基催化剂研究

以MCM 2 2分子筛为载体 ,H2 SO4酸化的 (NH4) 2 WO4为W组分前驱物 ,以Zn和 /或Ga ,Co ,Mo为促进剂 ,研制两系列促进型W /MCM 2 2基催化剂 .在常压固定床连续流动反应器 GC测试系统评价其对CH4无氧脱氢芳构化的催化性能 ,结果显示 ,在双促进的W Co Mo(或W Ga Zn) /MCM 2 2催化剂上 ,常压、10 73K、原料气空速GHSV =15 0 0mL(STP)·h-1·(g cat.) -1的反应条件下 ,苯选择性最高达到 70 %～ 72 % ,相应甲烷转化率为～ 15 % ;反应 45 0min后 ,甲烷转化率降低到～ 5 %水平 ;7 5h平均积炭选择性～ 2 0 % .H2 TPR和NH3 TPD表征研究显示 ,在W /MCM 2 2基质催化剂中适当添加少量Co3 + / 2 + /Mon+ 或Ga3 + /Zn2 + ,一方面导致Wn+ 物种还原活化温度下降及可还原W6+ 物种数量增加 ,另一方面消去最强的一些B酸位同时诱生相当数量的中强酸位 ,这两方面的促进效应都对催化剂活性、选择性提高及结炭减缓作出贡献

Comparison between REA model and thin layer drying model based on strip drying kinetics

为了获得最适用于烟草干燥的动力学模型,达到设计、优化和控制烟草干燥过程的目的,采用湿度发生器联用热重技术(TGA)研究了65 ℃ &RH; 15%, 75 ℃ & RH 10%和85℃& RH 5%条件下片烟的干燥动力学行为,并利用REA (Reaction engineering; approach)以及8种经验或半经验的薄层干燥模型分别对不同温湿度条件下的片烟干燥行为进行模拟。结果表明:①干燥温度越高,相对湿度越小时,片烟; 的干燥速率越快,平衡含水率越低;②REA模型预测的片烟干燥动力学曲线与实验曲线能够很好地吻合,尤其是在含水率由20%降至12%阶段;8种薄层干燥; 模型中Two; term模型拟合出的R~2值最大,均方根误差(RMSE)最小,是描述片烟干燥行为较合适的模型;③薄层干燥模型仅仅是获得特定温湿度条件下相对应的动; 力学参数,而REA模型是将温度和湿度作为变量引入模型中,模型中的动力学参数可以描述任意温湿度条件下的片烟干燥动力学行为;④REA模型构造简单,预; 测准确快速,较Two term模型更具有普适性、实用性。In order to select a kinetic model best fit for the design, optimization; and control of tobacco drying process, the drying kinetic behavior of; tobacco strips under the conditions of 65 ℃ & RH 15%, 75 ℃ & RH10%, 85 ℃; & RH 5% was investigated with a humidifier combined with TGA; (Thermogravimetric analyzer). The drying behavior of tobacco strips was; simulated by REA (Reaction engineering approach) model and eight; selected thin layer drying models (semi-empirical or empirical). The; results showed that: 1) With the rise of temperature and decrease of; humidity, the drying rate of strips raised and the equilibrium moisture; content of strips lowered. 2) The drying kinetic curves predicted by REA; model well agreed with experimental curves, especially at the stage when; the moisture content decreased from 20% to 12%. Among eight thin layer; drying models, Two term model was the best for predicting the drying; behavior of strips with the highest R~2 (determination coefficient) and; the lowest RMSE (root mean square error). 3) Thin layer drying model; reflected only the kinetic parameters corresponding to specified drying; conditions, while in the REA model the temperature and humidity served; as variables, it enabled the kinetic parameters in REA model to describe; the drying kinetic behavior at any drying condition. 4) REA model was; simple in structure, fast and accurate in prediction, more universal and; practical than Two term model.福建中烟工业有限公司科技项

Dynamics of nutrient and energy for fine roots of Casuarina equisetifolia plantations on coastal sandy soil

2005年1月到2005年11月对福建省惠安县赤湖林场不同林龄木麻黄人工林细根养分和能量的季节动态进行了观测,结果表明:(1)6种元素的含量在不同林龄木麻黄细根中都具有明显的季节变化。各林龄细根的N含量一般在冬夏季节较高,且死细根的N浓度高于相同林龄的活细根,除12林龄活细根P浓度在7月份有最大值外,其他各林龄活、死细根在一年中呈波动性下降,K含量在冬季较高,而在其他季节变化幅度不大,除5林龄活细根和18林龄死细根在3月份和7月份有两个峰值外,其他林龄细根Ca含量随季节变化较小,Mg含量随季节变化总体呈下降趋势,而在11月份上升;各林龄C则呈波浪形变化;(2)随着林龄的增大,细根N、P、Mg含量的变化模式相似,都呈先增加,后降低,再增加的趋势,K和Ca含量变化趋势相似,但变动幅度存在差别,C则呈波浪形变化;(3)随着季节的变化,灰分、干重热值和去灰分热值呈"V"形变动,一年中都存在两个峰值,分别在3月份和7月份或9月份;(4)灰分、干重热值和去灰分热值随林龄的增大表现为波浪形增加。由此可见,不同森林类型的细根养分和能量动态具有季节和林龄的特殊性,在进行整个地区森林生态系统物质循环和能量流动研究时,应考虑不同森林类型的特性。The seasonal dynamics of nutrient and energy of fine roots in C.equisetifolia plantations of different ages was studied at Chihu forestry farm of Hui'an county,Fujian province from January to November in 2005.We obtained the following results:(1)There was significant seasonal dynamics of six elements in the fine roots of different aged C.equisetifolia plantations.N concentration of dead fine roots was higher than that of living fine roots,and was relatively higher in summer and winter.P concentration of fine roots fluctuated with a decreasing trend except for the living fine roots of 12 year-old plantation.K concentration was higher in winter than in the other seasons.The highest Ca concentration in March and July was found in living fine roots of 5 year-old plantation and dead fine roots of 18 year-old plantation,while Ca concentration remained little change for other aged plantations.Mg concentration decreased from January to September and then increased in November.C content fluctuated with time.(2)The similar trend was found for N,P and Mg;and for K and Ca,respectively;C concentration fluctuated with plantation age.(3)The ash content,gross caloric values and ash free caloric values changed with "V" type,and were relatively high in March and July or September,respectively.(4)The ash content,gross caloric values and ash free caloric values tended to increase with the increasing plantation age.It was concluded that the nutrient and energy dynamics of fine roots varied with seasons and plantation ages.To discuss matter cycling and energy flow of forest ecosystems,we should pay attention to these characteristics of different stands.国家“十一五”科技支撑计划资助项目(2006BAB03A14-01);; 福建省科技重大资助项目(2006NZ001-2);; 国家林业局南方山地用材林培育重点实验室资助项目~

Production,decomposition and turnover of fine roots in Casuarina equisetifolia plantation

在福建省惠安县赤湖林场用根钻法和分解袋法对18年生木麻黄人工林细根生物量、分解及周转进行了研究。结果表明,18年生木麻黄活细根生物量平均为6.693 t.hm-2,死细根平均为2.292 t.hm-2,细根生物量具有明显的季节动态,活细根和死细根生物量年变化均为双峰型,活细根生物量峰值出现在1月和7月,死细根出现在3月和7月。用试验期间不同时间数据拟合得到木麻黄细根分解回归方程:x/x0=1.06e-0.0014t。应用模拟方程计算出木麻黄分解1年的干重损失率理论值(35.96%)与实测值(38.19%)较为接近。木麻黄细根半分解时间为537 d,95%分解时间为2 181 d。结合木麻黄人工林在不同季节的细根生物现存量,18年林龄木麻黄细根年死亡量分别为1.825 t.hm-2,年生长量为3.173 t.hm-2,年周转0.474次。The sequential root coring and litter bag technique were used to study fine root biomass,decomposition and turnover in an 18-year-old Casuarina equisetifolia plantation,from Chihu Forestry Farm of Hui'an County.Results show that the average live fine root biomass is 6.693 t·hm-2 and that of dead fine root is 2.292 t·hm-2.Annual dynamic curves of both live and dead fine roots have double apices.Curve peaks of live fine root biomass occur in Jan.and July,while that for dead fine root occur in March and July.The regression equation,based on dry matter decomposition data gained during different experimental periods is:x/x0=1.06e-0.0014t.Theoretic annual dry-weight loss rate of 35.96% calculated from the equation is close to the metrical value of 38.19%.It takes 537 days and 2 181 days to respectively decompose 50% and 95% of the fine roots.Annual mortality of fine roots in the 18-year-old plantation is 1.825 t·hm-2 and annual productivity is 3.173 t·hm-2,with an annual turnover rate of 0.474.国家“十一五”科技支撑计划项目(2006BAB03A14-01);; 福建省科技重大项目(2006NZ0001-2);; 国家林业局南方山地用材林培育重点实验室项目资

Optimization of Production Process for ABB Low oltage Equipment Co., Ltd

ABB低压公司合资成立于1994年，2006年并购重组成为ABB集团在中国的一家独资工厂。ABB集团是一家专注于输配电和自动化设备设计和生产跨国企业，近50年来，在行业中一直处于领先地位。在生产经营管理方面，ABB集团积累了许多先进的理念和丰富经验。这些先进的理念和方法被广泛地应用于ABB低压公司的日常管理过程中，但由于受环境、员工素质等多方面因素的影响，其实际效果与预期目标还有较大的差距，如在生产计划管理等方面还存在着许多不合理的地方。 本文针对ABB低压公司在生产计划管理中存在的一些问题，从生产流程、供应链信息共享和生产计划制定等方面，深入剖析了与计划管理相关的影响因素，如组织结构、人员...ABB Low Voltage Equipment Co. Ltd. (ABB LV) was previously a joint venture founded in 1994, and became a pure foreign owned company in ABB group through mergence in 2006. ABB group is an international enterprise who dedicates in power transportation and automation technique, and is being the leader of its business area over the past 50 years. She accumulated a lot of advanced method and abundant e...学位：工商管理硕士院系专业：管理学院工商管理教育中心（MBA中心）_工商管理硕士(MBA)学号：X20041538

金属离子的检测方法

本发明公开了一种金属离子的检测方法，基于金纳米粒子-硫化物体系，利用金纳米粒子与硫化物的水解产物以及被检测金属离子的相互作用，或者金纳米粒子与巯基化合物以及被检测金属离子的相互作用，引起金纳米粒子表面等离子体的共振吸收发生变化，从而导致金纳米粒子颜色和紫外可见吸收强度发生变化。直接通过肉眼或简单器设备判别溶液颜色的变化，即可快速地检测溶液体系中的被检测金属离子，具有操作简单方便、检测成本低廉、检测灵敏度高且取样量少，适用范围广的优点

黄土高原土地生产力区域特征分析

土壤侵蚀是黄土高原最为严重的环境问题之一。该文在CIS支持下,利用基于侵蚀条件下的土地生产力模型研究了黄土丘陵沟壑区一副区、二副区和北部风沙区的3个典型小流域的土地生产力状况,并针对3个小流域所在区域的位置、地形、地貌特征、气候和土壤特性以及土地利用的特性等几个方面的差异性和共性进行了讨论,并从区域的角度分析了3个研究区域土地生产力的特点和差异性。研究结果表明,由于地形、气候等因素的影响,黄土高原内部不同区域土地生产力的差异性非常明显,表现为风沙区16348 59kg hm2>黄土丘陵沟壑区一副区(14411 89kg hm2)>黄土丘陵沟壑区二副区(10065 77kg hm2)

黄土丘陵沟壑区土地利用类型与土地生产力关系模拟研究——以王家沟小流域为例

土地利用是人类对自然界影响的最主要方式,而土地利用类型则是影响土地生产力状况的关键因素。利用基于侵蚀条件下的土地生产力模型,研究黄土高原丘陵沟壑区不同土地利用类型与土地生产力之间的关系。结果表明,对于大多数的作物类型而言,土地生产力状况均表现为坝地>梯田>坡耕地>沟坡地。进一步研究了不同作物类型对土地利用的适宜性指数和生产力指数,均表现出相同的趋势