最大后验贝叶斯估算法制定华法林个体化给药案例探讨

目的:探讨临床药师在华法林个体化给药方案制定及实施监护过程中发挥的作用。方法:临床药师采用最大后验贝叶斯估算法制定华法林患者的给药方案,并对方案实施过程进行了监护,及时识别了药物相互作用导致的INR升高,避免了出血不良反应的发生,同时也及时发现了患者漏服药物导致的国际标准化比值(INR)降低,避免了患者再次发生血栓。结果:最大后验贝叶斯估算法可以较好地估算和指导临床用药,对于个体化给药方案具有极大的参考价值。结论:根据基因检测结果选择合适的算法为华法林患者制定了个体化给药方案后,临床药师还需要对整个给药方案实施过程提供全程化的监护,以便及时发现疾病、药物相互作用、依从性不佳等导致的INR异常波动,从而提供抗凝效果,减少出血和栓塞等不良反应。福建省科技计划引导性项目(编号:2015Y0020

Interactive dynamic influence diagrams and exact solution algorithm

为了表示部分可观察马尔可夫环境下,多AgEnT决策中各AgEnT之间的动态结构关系,对影响图(IdS)在结构和时间上进行扩展,形成一种能够对其他AgEnT建模的决策模型:交互式动态影响图(I-dIdS)。I-dIdS是不确定环境下多AgEnT进行序贯决策的图模型。该模型的解是在对其AgEnT行为概率分布的预测下提供给该AgEnT的最优决策,能更有效地解决多AgEnT的决策问题。但I-dIdS状态空间太大,AgEnTS候选模型空间随着时间片的增加成指数级增长,使计算变得复杂。因此,提出了一种基于行为等价的最小化模型集合的方法,通过限制模型增长来缓解模型空间不断扩大的趋势,以达到简化计算的目的。在模型实例上的仿真实验结果显示了该算法的有效性。To represent the dynamic relationship between agents in multi-agent Markov decision process with partially observable settings shared by other agents,the interactive dynamic influence diagrams(I-DIDs) were presented by extending influence diagrams(IDs) over time and structure.I-DIDs are graphical models for sequential decision making in partially observable setting shared by other agents.It may be used to compute the policy of an agent given its belief as the agent acts and observes in the setting.Exact algorithms for solving I-DIDs demand the solutions of possible models of the agents and then update all models at every time step.The space of other models grows exponentially with the number of time steps,increasing the computational complexity.Thus an exact solution of I-DIDs based on minimal sets was presented by reducing the space of other agents′ possible models and updating the selected models,thereby the computational complexity was simplified.Finally,model instances were given.The experimental results show the validity of the algorithm.国家自然科学基金资助项目(60975052

Preliminary study on feeding habits and trophic niche of nine economic fish species in Beibu Gulf in summer

应用Shannon-Wiener指数、Levins指数和均匀度指数,分析了北部湾2012年7月9种个体数量占优势的经济鱼类的食物组成和食性类型,并对其营养生态位进行了初步研究。研究表明,这9种经济鱼类可划分为3种食性类型:日本发光鲷Acropoma japonicum、日本竹筴鱼Trachurus japonicus、蓝圆鲹Decapterus maruadsi和六指多指马鲅Polydactylus sextarius为浮游生物食性,主要以桡足类为食;二长棘犁齿鲷Evynnis cardinalis、日本鲱鲤Upeneus japonicus和刺鲳Psenopsis anomala为底栖生物食性,主要以长尾类为食;多齿蛇鲻Saurida tumbil和白姑鱼Pennahia argentata为游泳动物食性,以鱼类饵料占较大优势。9种鱼中,白姑鱼的营养生态位宽度值最高,多齿蛇鲻的营养生态位宽度值最低。夏季北部湾这9种经济鱼类的营养生态位宽度与其摄食习性和饵料基础密切相关。In this study, based on fish samples collected in Beibu Gulf in July 2012, diet composition, feeding habits and trophic niche breadth of nine economic fish species were analyzed using the Shannon-Wiener index, Levins index and evenness index. Results showed that nine economic fish species could be classified into three types according to feeding habits, referred to as plankton predators(including Acropoma japonicum, Trachurus japonicus, Decapterus maruadsi, and Polydactylus sextarius), benthic predators(including Evynnis cardinalis, Upeneus japonicus and Psenopsis anomala) and nekton predators(Saurida tumbil and Pennahia argentata). Trophic niche breadth of Pennahia argentata was the highest(Shannon-Wiener index=0.938 and Levins index=2.238), while trophic niche breadth of Saurida tumbil was the lowest(Shannon-Wiener index=0 and Levins index=1). The trophic niche breadth of the nine economic fish species in summer in Beibu Gulf was strongly influenced by feeding habits and feeding foundation of surrounding environments.国家海洋公益项目(201005012)~

Effect of Ag loading on soot oxidation for Ag/Ce_(0.75)Zr_(0.25)O_2 catalysts

开发低温下高催化活性的柴油机碳烟颗粒燃烧催化剂是当前环境催化领域的热点问题。利用共沉淀的方法制备了用于碳烟催化燃烧反应的Ag/Ce_(0.75); Zr_(0.25)O_2催化剂。活性评价结果表明,相对于Ce_(0.75)Zr_(0.25)O_2催化剂,Ag的引入可显著降低碳烟催化燃烧温度。; 而且,Ag的负载量存在一个最佳值。以XRD、in-situ; XRD、BET、TPR等表征手段探究了该系列催化剂结构性质及其变化产生的影响。结果表明,Ag与Ce物种间的相互作用可显著降低催化剂(特别是CeO; _2表面氧)的还原温度。该相互作用使Ag/Ce_(0.75)Zr_(0.25)O_2催化剂在一定温度下(>200℃)就表现出Ag+的性质。这些性; 质与该催化剂具有较高的碳烟氧化活性相关。而且,该催化剂也表现出良好的稳定性。It is still important to develop soot oxidation catalysts with excellent; activity under low temperature. Ag/Ce_(0.75)Zr_(0.25)O_2 was synthesized; via coprecipitation method for soot oxidation. Compared with the; catalytic performance of Ce_(0.75)Zr_(0.25)O_2, the introduction of Ag; can lead to the decrease of soot-ignition temperature. Moreover, there; is an optimal Ag loading. Subsequently, several methods such as XRD,; in-situ XRD, BET, TPR were used to characterize the physicochemical; properties of Ag-based catalysts. The results showed that the; introduction of Ag resulted in decreasing the reduction temperature of; surface oxygen species, being due to the interaction of Ag and Ce. The; interaction also brings about the occurrence of Ag~+ nature. And the; feature is linked with the outstanding activity of soot oxidation for; Ag-based catalyst. Furthermore, the Ag-based catalyst possessed fairly; good stability in soot oxidation.国家自然科学基金项目; 中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金项

Design and synthesis of hydrogenation nanocatalyst with synergetic multiple catalytic sites

基于催化剂多活性中心分工协同作用可活化两种或多种反应物,本研究工作以一种新的制备策略对贵金属-过渡金属-过渡金属氧化物催化剂进行合理设计,构筑金属与金属氧化物双活性中心。结果发现,贵金属负载于过渡金属/过渡金属氧化物(nM-TM/TMO)结构的催化剂在加氢反应中具有优异的催化活性。同时,热处理方法可有效调控催化剂微观结构,并对此构效关系进行了较为深入的研究。As synergic multiple active sites catalysts can theoretically activate two or more reactant or substrates simultaneously resulting in significantly increase of activity and stability of catalysts, we herein develop a novel catalysts preparation strategy to design and construct noble metal-transition metal-transition metal oxide(NM-TM/TMO) to form bi-active catalytic sites.The experimental results show that such a catalyst has excellent performance in catalytic hydrogenation, e.g.aromatic compounds hydrogenation as the case studies.It was also found that the nanostructure of catalyst can be tuned via thermal treatments, which are investigated and the relationship between structure and activity is explored to some extent.国家自然科学基金项目(20973140;201106118;21303140)~

The World Federation of Democratic Youth and Bruno Bernini's encounter with Mao's China

This paper examines the role played by adult-led youth groups in providing avenues for early encounters between Italian and Chinese Communists in the '50s. In particular, it focuses on the links built up within international organisations linked to the Soviet-sponsored peace movement at a time when direct exchange between the Italian and Chinese Communist parties had yet to start. Relying on a large variety of primary and secondary sources, some of which have never been used before, I provide evidence of how participation in Soviet-led international organisations made early political contacts and interactions possible. The focus is on Bruno Bernini, whose personal experience in China is examined within the context of the World Federation of Democratic Youth's policies and initiatives in the early and mid-'50s

A Study of High-frequency fluctuations and Characteristics of non-transferred dc Plasma with Fixed Arc Length

本文主要是基于对具有特殊结构的直流电弧等离子体炬的实验工作，包括三个部分。第一部分研究等离子体炬在减压条件下弧电压、弧电流与阴极腔压力的高频耦合脉动；第二部分发展了空间分辨的快速射流速度测量方法，获得了射流速度空间分布；第三部分采用三探针方法获得了射流中电子密度与电子温度的空间分布。 相关实验在课题组已有的组合等离子体沉积系统上开展。典型实验工况为：等离子体气体为纯氩气，气体质量流量为8.5 slm（主进气5.7slm，辅进气2.8slm）。真空室压力维持在500 Pa以下。等离子体电源电流为70A~120A。 实验结果表明：弧电压与阴极腔压力的耦合脉动频率为4 kHz左右。结合数值模拟与实验获取的数据，估算了造成耦合相位差的压力扰动在等离子体炬中间通道内的起始位置。弧电压与弧电流的高频脉动耦合相位差基本成反相，且相位差随等离子体电源电流变化不明显。 利用射流自身波动，发展了特征信号图像测速法。实验结果与以前采用接触式探针测量的结果吻合良好，其优点在于可以方便快速地实现流场速度二维分布测量，在现有实验条件下，空间分辨精度可达到10 mm，时间分辨精度达到1 ms。 建立了一组静电三探针系统，诊断了射流在减压条件下，电子密度、电子温度的空间分布，并对实验与计算误差进行了分析。结果表明，电子密度随径向距离增加而衰减，在轴线上最高可达1.4×1020m-3；轴向上电子密度分布总体为递减，但有跳跃式上升。电子温度径向分布的最大值偏离轴心5mm～25mm；轴向上，电子温度总体逐渐升高，但有跳跃式下降。阳极出口11mm区域电子温度最小，为0.5～1eV；在100mm附近电子温度最大值，为2.4eV左右。在射流轴向距离为67mm和83mm处获得电子密度、电子温度与输入功率的关系。结果表明，电子密度与输入功率具有线性递增关系，但不同空间位置有不同的增长系数。电子温度在射流中心与输入功率具有递减关系；在偏离中心16mm处，功率小于6kW时电子温度随功率递增，功率大于6kW时电子温度递减

The Evolution of American Agricultural Welfare Policy(1862～2000)

农业是美国经济中受政府干预最强的产业之一。纵览美国农业政策的历史,可以清晰地看到,它经历了从间接推动农业发展,到市场干预与价格支持、农业补贴,再到农业福利政策收缩的过程。这一演进过程的背后,政治经济利益的博弈错综复杂。农业利益集团与美国政治制度的互动,推动了美国农业政策的不断变化,是美国农业政策调整的重要因素之一。Agriculture is one of the industries that have been most highly regulated by public policies in American economy.Throughout the history of agricultural development in the United States,we can clearly see the agricultural policy evolved from the laissez-faire with some promotional measures to the broad market intervention with price support,then to the whole agricultural subsidy policy system,and eventually to agricultural welfare policy retrenchment.The games played among political and economic interest groups were very complicated over this evolution process.It suggests that the interaction between agricultural interest groups and the political institution has shaped American agricultural policy at each stage

进气方式对回热型微燃烧器燃烧特性的影响

设计了具有“C”型燃烧室结构的回热型微燃烧器，进行了不同进气方式下的微燃烧实验研究．发现分别进气时燃烧运行界限明显高于预混进气时的运行界限，过量空气系数最高达到7.8．微燃烧器的燃烧效率均较高，预混进气时燃烧效率可达到1，但分别进气时则不能实现完全燃烧．实验发现，分别进气时燃烧器的壁面温度、热损失和出口尾气温度在过量空气系数为1.5左右达到最高，而预混进气时过量空气系数为1时达到最高，且出口尾气温度明显高于非回热型微燃烧器．分析表明，不同的进气方式导致不同的气体混合程度，从而影响了微燃烧器的燃烧性能．由于采用特殊的“C”型燃烧室结构和回热夹层，延长了反应气体在微燃烧室内的停留时间，提高了反应气体的热焓和燃烧反应速度，从而提高了微燃烧效率和出口尾气温度．实验结果为微燃烧/透平发动机的设计提供了科学依据

微尺度环形燃烧室的燃烧特性

进行了不锈钢环形微燃烧器的氢气预混燃烧实验，发现在2mm间隙的微燃烧室内可以维持稳定燃烧．测量了微燃烧器的燃烧运行界限，其最大过量空气系数可达到4．5．获得了微尺度燃烧器的壁面温度场和出口烟气温度随过量空气系数的变化规律，发现微尺度燃烧器的最高温度出现在过量空气系数为0．9附近而不是在化学当量比1处．计算了微燃烧器外壁面的散热量，微燃烧器的散热量占整个燃烧热功率的50％以上，且辐射换热在整个散热量中占主要部分．针对这些特点，提出了减小热损失的建议，为微燃烧室和微燃烧／透平发电机的设计提供了科学依据