Research on Economic Growth and Income Distribution：Evidence from Fujian Province

经济增长与收入分配之间的关系的研究是一个理论性与实践性都很强的研究课题，如何处理好经济增长与收入分配的关系不仅关系到一国总体经济的发展，也是与人民大众的生活福祉紧密相连的实际问题。有研究显示，近年来中国经济在保持着较快增长的同时，其居民收入分配的差距逐步扩大，目前已经超过国际警戒线（基尼系数0.4）并呈现进一步扩大的趋势。本文采用面板数据计量方法，对福建省所辖的九个地级市的经济增长与收入分配问题进行实证分析，主要研究了1983-2009年九个地市的城乡收入比随经济增长的变化趋势。 首先，本文在第一章引言部分分析了文章所研究问题的研究背景及意义并指出了本文的研究方法和创新点。第二章对国内外相关...Relationship between economic growth and income distribution is a theoretical and practical research topic. To balance the relationship between income distribution and economic growth is meaningful not only to the overall economic development of a country, but also to the daily life of people. Studies show that, the Chinese economy has maintained a rapid growth for recent years, and the income gap...学位：经济学硕士院系专业：经济学院经济研究所_区域经济学学号：2902008115222

中日"左右"文化的比较

This thesis is aimed at comparing different connotations in the culture of “left”and “right”bothin China and in Japan from angles of language,clothing,official system and so on..It also attemptsto analyses the cultural origins of “left”and “right”.The same cultural phenomena occur in differentcountries.How is that?①Similar national psychology.Both nations pay special attention to senior andjunior system. ②Similar primeval culture.Since the time when primitive people stood up,they have madeuse of their right hand hand more often than their left hand.while left hand only performs an auxiliaryfunction,right hand takes up leading role and gets stronger and more dexterous through more practice

多目标多测度数据空间抽样方法

社会问卷调查往往需要针对多目标测度不同类型的数据,而传统的抽样方法主要针对单目标对象,且数据类型为数值型数据。本研究以厦门岛出行调查为例,调查问卷包含了住区特征、居民社会经济状况、就业情况、出行方式、出行目的与时间等方面的指标,提出了以变异度模型为主的新方法。以厦门岛住区居民出行所带来的能耗问题收集的少量先验问卷信息以及历史数据为基础,通过模型表征测度不同类型变量的空间变异性,将其作为空间分层的依据从而完成抽样布点方案,评价精度通过抽样方差进行。结果表明:(1)综合多种因素分层可以灵活地解决调查中涉及类别数据以及数值型数据的问题,将影响抽样问题的各类型因素体现到样点空间布点方案中,扩大三明治空间抽样的应用范围;(2)三明治空间抽样各层样点的分布以及容量受层变异度值(相当于方差)的影响,但其样本容量并不是简单随着区域的层变异度值的增大而增大,空间抽样样本容量同时受到多个因素的影响,其地理空间的大小也是其中一个影响因素;(3)变异度模型成功地量化了各种类型数据,通过少量的预调查得到更详细的抽样方案,其抽样精度为0.0002,样本容量35,满足了问卷调查的目标需求并将抽样样本容量控制在合理的范围之内。国家自然科学基金项目(41671444)~

单域抗体的研究和应用进展

传统IgG抗体分子一般由轻链和重链组成,轻链包含1个可变区(VL)和1个恒定区(CL),重链包含1个可变区(VH)和3个恒定区(CH1,CH2,CH3)。单域抗体(Single domain antibody,sdAb),是指缺失抗体轻链而只有重链可变区的一类抗体,因其分子量小,也被称为纳米抗体(Nanobody)。20世纪90年代,单域抗体最早在骆驼科动物中被发现,之后在护士鲨、大星鲨和鳐鱼等软骨鱼纲动物中也发现了类似的抗体。单域抗体虽然结构简单,但仍然可以达到与传统抗体相当甚至更高的与特异抗原结合的亲和力。相比于传统抗体,单域抗体具有分子量小、稳定性强、易于重组表达等优点。近年来在生物学基础研究和医学临床应用方面均备受关注并被广泛应用。文中将从单域抗体的结构特征、理化性质、筛选方法及其在生物医学领域的重要应用进展进行综述。国家自然科学基金(No.81672023)资助~

Structure, Energetics and Vibrational Frequency Shifts of Water Molecules Confined Inside Single-walled Carbon Nanotubes:A DFT Study

利用密度泛函理论中的杂化泛函M06-2X研究了受限于不同管径单壁碳纳米管(SWCnT)内水分子团簇(H2O)n=3~6的结构、能量以及振动频率.结果显示由于SWCnT的限域效应,水分子团簇的几何构型与在真空相比发生了巨大变化,如受限(H2O)6能形成单链锯齿型水分子构型.随着管直径的增大,纳米管与水之间的相互作用逐渐减弱,但水分子之间的氢键相互作用能变化不大.对比受限和真空下水分子O—H振动频率发现,绝大部分O—H的振动频率由于碳纳米管与水的相互作用而发生了红移.AIM理论分析显示O—H振动频率的红移应归因于其电子密度的减小.这也表明碳纳米管绝非简单的几何限制效应,而是与水分子之间存在弱电子相互作用,主要包括H…π氢键作用和O…π轨道作用,从而导致水分子的小部分电荷转移到了SWCnT上.The study of confined water molecules has attracted much attention because of their fascinating properties.In the present work, small water clusters(H2O)n=3~6 encapsulated in different diameter of single-walled carbon nanotubes(SWCNT) were investigated using density functional theory(DFT).The DFT-based M06-2X method along with mixed basis sets(6-311+G(d, p)//6-31+G(d)) was employed in all calculations for structure, interaction energy, charge transfer and vibrational frequency.The results indicate that as compared to water molecules in vacuum, the geometries of confined water molecules changed significantly due to the confinement effect of carbon nanotubes, for example, the(H2O)6 cluster can form chain-like configuration via hydrogen bond.The tube-water interaction energy decreased with the increase of the nanotubes diameter, while the hydrogen bond energy between water molecules changes slightly.Vibrational analysis reveals the red shift of the majority of the O—H stretching modes inside SWCNT compared to vacuum vibrational frequencies due to the tube-water interaction.The Bader's theory of atoms in molecule(AIM theory) has been used to characterize the tube-water interactions.Electron density ρ that reflects the strength of a bond has been used to explain the phenomenon of the red shift.The AIM analysis suggests that the red shift of O—H vibrational frequencies for confined water molecules should be attributed to the decrease of the electron density ρ.This fact demonstrates that the tube-water interaction is not a simple effect of geometry confinement, but weak electronic interaction between the molecular orbital of the confined water molecules and the delocalized π electrons from carbon nanotube.It mainly includes the H…π hydrogen bond interaction and O…π orbital interaction, resulting in a slight charge transfer from water molecules to SWCNT.Therefore, when constructing carbon nanotube devices, one should not ignore the existence of water molecules.We hope that our results can provide a guidance to the understanding of the behavior of water molecules encapsulated inside nanoscale environment.国家重点基础研究发展计划(No.2012CB214901); 国家自然科学基金(No.51274197)资助~

乙型肝炎病毒体外感染和复制的细胞模型

慢性乙型肝炎病毒(Hepatitis B virus,HBV)感染是严重威胁人类生命健康的世界性公共卫生问题。基于现有抗HBV药物的治疗策略,仅能在极少部分患者中实现慢性乙肝的功能性治愈。发展更为有效的抗HBV药物,需要更加透彻全面地认识各个病毒组分和关键宿主因子在HBV感染和复制生命周期中发挥的功能和机制,并在此基础上发现鉴定新的治疗靶点。支持HBV体外感染和复制的细胞模型,是研究HBV生活史的重要工具,并在治疗新靶点的发现和候选药物功效评估等研究工作中发挥关键作用。本文对支持HBV感染和复制细胞模型的新近研究进展进行梳理分析,并对这些模型的应用特点和局限性、新近研究进展和未来发展方向进行系统阐述和讨论。国家自然科学基金(81672023)~

Theoretical Study of Substituent Effects on Bond Dissociation Enthalpies in Lignite Model Compounds

为了探究褐煤热解过程中氧桥键C—O均裂这一重要反应,选取α-O-4和β-O-4类结构单元作为褐煤模型化合物,运用不同密度泛函计算了部分模型化合物中C—O的离解焓,并以CbS-Qb3作为理论基准值进行比较,最后选取M05-2X进行离解焓计算.结果显示,对于选定的α-O-4和β-O-4类模型化合物,其平均离解焓分别为51.0 kCAl/MOl和66.1 kCAl/MOl.周围取代环境能显著影响C—O离解焓,芳环上存在给电子基团(OH,OCH3和CH3)能降低C—O离解焓,而吸电子基团COOH则能增加其离解焓.然后深层次分析了取代基效应对C—O离解焓的影响.此外,分子内氢键的形成对离解焓也有很大的影响.C—O的离解焓与其键长没有特定的相关性,不能简单的通过C—O键长来预测其离解焓.Lignite is an abundant natural resource that is a potential source of clean fuel and value-added chemicals.The mechanisms by which thermal and catalytic treatments deconstruct lignite remain elusive,which is where quantum mechani-cal calculations can offer fundamental insights.In order to investigate the cleavage of C—O bridge bond,which is the critical step in the thermal decomposition of lignite,the α-O-4 and β-O-4 types of structural units are selected as lignite model com-pounds to calculate the C—O bond dissociation enthalpies using several kinds of density functional theory methods(B3PW91,B3P86,PBE1PBE,BMK,M06-2X and M05-2X) at 6-31+G(d,p) level.By the comparison between the results and the theoretical benchmark values provided by CBS-QB3 method,M05-2X functional was applied for the calculations on C—O bond dissociation enthalpies.The present results indicate that the C—O average bond dissociation enthalpies are 51.0 kcal/mol and 66.1 kcal/mol for the α-O-4 and β-O-4 types of model compounds,respectively.Local substituents have a great withdrawing groups such as carboxyl group.Then the substituent effects are deeply analyzed on the basis of the ground-state effect on the C—O bond dissociation enthalpies,the C—O bond dissociation enthalpies will decrease when the adjacent arene rings are substituted by electron donating groups(OH,OCH3 and CH3),while the results are opposite for the electron effect and radical effect.An electron donating group can stabilize the phenoxy radicals(radical effect),however,an electron withdrawing group has the opposite effect.In most cases,the radical effect is more important than the ground-state effect.Furthermore,there is a negligible correlation between the C—O bond distances and strengths,and the C—O bond dissocia-tion enthalpies cannot be predicted so easily.Interestingly,the C—O bond dissociation enthalpies can be significantly influ-enced by the intramolecular hydrogen bond,if the intramolecular hydrogen bond still exists after the cleavage of the C—O bond,the bond dissociation enthalpies will be lower.国家重点基础研究发展计划(No.2012CB214901); 国家自然科学基金(No.51274197)资助~

Compositional and structural characterization of marine organic colloids-an overview

国家自然科学基金项目(49976021);; 国家重点基础研究发展规划项目(G2000078500);; 杰出青年基金项目(49825162

チイキ ニホンゴ キョウシツ ニオケル ガクシュウシャ ノ ニーズ ニ モトズイタ ジュギョウ ジッセン

Evidence-based practice suggested that, to deliver good clinical care, clinicians should consult up to date clinical research whilst drawing on their own expertise and experience and the values and aspirations of patients. Despite there being a large interest in generating more robust research evidence and finding ways to disseminate it, there has been relatively little research interest in the moment-to-moment practice it is intended to be incorporated into. John Gabbay and Andrée Le May theorised that the work of good general practitioners was guided by internal, tacit, socially reinforced mindlines. The organisational literature developed concepts of practice as a provisional, ephemeral and socio-material accomplishment. This thesis was inspired by these works to explore the complexity of knowing and interaction when practising as a healthcare professional and, specifically, as a general dental practitioner. It reviews the development of the concept of practice before reporting on three studies: a mixed studies systematic review of how healthcare professionals encounter information and experiences; a mixed methods study of the sources of information and experience GDPs use; and a video-ethnographic study of how knowing in practice arises in clinical encounters in general dental practice. Together, these studies show how knowing in practice arises as GDPs, patients, nurses and things interact in time and space; how the GDPs’ performances in these practices are generated from their embodied and in-the-moment knowing; and how diverse the sources of knowing are that healthcare professionals interact with in developing their ostensive and performative knowing. The thesis discusses the implications of taking a more practice-orientated approach to how we think about quality improvement in general dental practice and professional learning generally. </p