Effects of lower limb morphology and muscle strength on swimming start performance in college swimmers

The purpose of this study is to clarify the relationship between kick start performance and lower limb morphology, and between kick start performance and isokinetic strength of the knee joint in collegiate competitive swimmers. The subjects of this study were 25 male collegiate competitive swimmers. The subjects' specialties were breaststroke (n=6), butterfly (n=6), and crawl (n=13). The morphology of the lower limbs was measured in terms of skeletal muscle mass, thigh length, leg length, thigh circumference, and leg circumference. Lower limb muscle strength was measured using an isokinetic dynamometer to measure isokinetic knee joint muscle strength. The trials involved measuring maximum isokinetic strength in extension and flexion of the left and right knee joints (60deg/s, 120deg/s, and 180deg/s, three times each). Start performance was measured using a kick start. Each subject performed four trials in their specialty, swimming at maximum speed from the platform to the 15m point. The starting movement was filmed using a highspeed camera(240fps) placed beside the starting block. A digital video camera(60fps) was used to measure the 7.5m and 10m times. The analysis items were 7.5m time, 10m time, velocity at take-off, water entry distance, and water entry angle. As a result, in terms of the relationship between lower limb morphology and starting performance, significant negative correlations were found between 7.5m and 10m times and lower limb muscle mass (front and rear legs), leg length (front and rear legs), thigh circumference (front and rear legs), and leg circumference (front and rear legs). Entry distance was significantly positively correlated with lower limb muscle mass in the front and back legs, and leg length in the front and back legs. There was a significant positive correlation between velocity at take-off and lower limb muscle mass in the front and back legs, thigh circumference in the front and back legs, and lower leg circumference in the front and back legs. Regarding the relationship between lower limb strength and starting performance, a significant positive correlation was found between entry distance and the rear leg at 60 degree/s in the extensor muscles, the front leg at 120 degree/s, and the front leg at 120 degree/s in the flexor muscles. These results make it clear that knee isokinetic extension and flexion strength contribute to entry distance. This means that it will contribute to selecting training to improve starting performance. Furthermore, when measuring the morphology of the lower limbs, it is necessary to measure muscle mass when measuring circumference.departmental bulletin pape

Research on the Use of ICT in Classroom Teaching by Trainee Educators －An Analysis Focusing on the Readiness of Trainee Educators－

This study examined university students' ICT readiness, classroom implementation readiness, and their use of ICT in educational practice. Additionally, we explored whether the relationship with the supervising teacher and the school culture during educational practice influenced the use of ICT in the classroom. The results indicated that many trainees rated their ICT readiness highly. However, a relatively large number lacked confidence in their skills with spreadsheets and presentation software. The study did not clarify a specific relationship between readiness and satisfaction with ICT-enhanced teaching. No significant relationship was found between the trainees' relationship with their supervising teacher, school culture, and classroom satisfaction. However, the study identified specific difficulties students faced in using ICT in the classroom. Based on these findings, we discussed future guidance for students in teacher training, particularly regarding the integration of ICT into classroom instruction.departmental bulletin pape

Significance and challenges of cross-cultural experiences in international exchange：Focusing on a Chinese cultural experience program in Shanghai Ocean University

In this paper, we would like to investigate the Shanghai Ocean University. Mainly about the standards of overseas student’s selection, the Way how they teach Chinese culture and the real situation of overseas Students who were send to Japan. Especially, throughout the attempting of Chinese cultural experiment program, we would like to have a deep discussion about the student's acceptance and dispatch in an international exchange.departmental bulletin pape

Japanese Language Education in Eastern Inner Mongolia in “Manchukuo”

On May 2, 1937, the State Council of the pseudo-Manchukuo announced the “Outline of the School System,” the “Decree on National Schools,” and other educational ordinances, which provided for a new school system. The formulation and implementation of the “New School System” marked the end of the education system that had been used in the Republic of China since the founding of the pseudo- Manchukuo, and from that time on, it entered the stage of implementing an education policy that was entirely designed and controlled by Japan. Japanese language education in pseudo-Manchukuo can be divided into two periods before and after the “new school system” as the boundary, “new school system” before the Republic of China in the process of following the old education system as “foreign language Before the “New Academic System”, it was a period of adjustment and development of “foreign language” education in the process of using the old education system of the Republic of China, and after the “New Academic System” was formulated and announced, it was a period of strengthening of “national language” education under the will of Japanese rule. Japanese language education in the eastern part of Inner Mongolia, like other education, was under the unified control of the pseudo-Manchukuo government in the formulation and implementation of educational guidelines and policies, and was also characterized by different stages before and after the formulation of the “New Academic System”. The following is an analysis of Japanese language education in eastern Inner Mongolia before and after the New School System, taking into account the overall situation of Japanese language education in Pseudo- Manchukuo.departmental bulletin pape

The Case Study of the Use of Generative AI in Social Studies and Geography and History Pedagogy

In July 2023, the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology established guidelines for school officials to determine the suitability of using generative AI. The curriculum guidelines position ‘information utilization ability' as a quality and ability that forms the basis of learning, and emphasize the importance of being able to utilize information technology in learning and daily life. When using it in school educational activities, it is necessary to judge whether it is effective in achieving the purpose, and it is appropriate to start with limited use. Therefore, we will introduce an example of the use of generative AI in "Social Studies/Geography and History Teaching Methods," a class that includes the use of information and communication technology that we worked on this year.departmental bulletin pape

An Investigation of the Auspicious Sign of the 'Vermilion Turtle' in the Temmu Dynasty of Japan

In ancient Japan, influenced by the concept of “harmony between Heaven and Earth,” auspicious signs held special significance. Among these signs, turtles, symbolizing longevity and good fortune, have garnered significant scholarly attention. This paper focuses on the rarely discussed “vermilion turtle” auspicious sign during the Temmu Dynasty. It examines the characteristics of auspicious signs from the reign of Emperor Kōtoku to Emperor Temmu, analyzing the heightened reverence for the color red and the increasing symbolic importance of turtles under Emperor Temmu. The study concludes that the emergence of the “vermilion turtle” during the Temmu Dynasty was not accidental but a historical inevitability.departmental bulletin pape

From “Roam Idly” to “Dream Awakening” : The Pursuit of Knowledge in the Inner Chapters of Zhuangzi and Natsume Soseki's Kusamakura

Natsume Sōseki’s novella Kusamakura draws deeply on Eastern thought, particularly Daoist philosophy, to construct an aesthetic world centered on the concept of "unhuman detachment." This paper examines the relationship between the aesthetic of "unhuman detachment" in Kusamakura and the concept of "knowledge" in Zhuangzi’s philosophy, aiming to uncover the shared philosophical foundations underlying both works. Employing a source-critical approach, the study compares Kusamakura and the Inner Chapters of Zhuangzi within their respective contexts. By analyzing key Daoist concepts such as "wandering freely," "forgetfulness," "transformation of things," and "dream awakening," the paper explores the protagonist’s inner journey and spiritual development, shedding light on the philosophical resonance between Sōseki’s and Zhuangzi’s ideas. The findings reveal a profound connection between the protagonist’s aesthetic sensibility and Zhuangzi’s notions of "the usefulness of uselessness" and "knowing without knowing," offering fresh insights into the intersection of Sōseki’s literary work and classical Chinese philosophy.departmental bulletin pape

An Attempt to Develop Teaching Materials Using Virtual Reality Technology in Athletic Trainer Education －Effectiveness and Challenges of RICE Learning for Ankle Sprain

The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness and challenges of educational materials utilizing VR technology in the RICE of ankle internal derailment sprains. After having the subjects randomly view VR and 2D educational materials, they were asked to respond to a questionnaire. As a result, “reality” and “simulated experience” were significantly higher in the VR materials than in the 2D materials. Also, “eye fatigue,” “neck pain,” and “headache” were significantly higher in the VR materials than in the 2D materials. These results suggest that educational materials utilizing VR technology are useful for realistic learning and simulated experience in RICE for ankle sprain. It was also suggested that eye, neck, and head discomfort appeared when utilizing VR technology materials.departmental bulletin pape

A Study on Morality Based on L. Kohlberg's Theory of Moral Education －Aiming to build morality to eliminate truancy in elementary and junior high schools－

In this study, we examined moral judgment based on Lawrence Kohlberg's theory, focusing on interpersonal relationships as one of the causes of "apathy and anxiety" related to the issue of absenteeism. According to previous research, fifth-grade students are concentrated in the third stage of Kohlberg's theory, "Good Child Orientation," indicating the need for moral judgment skills towards the fourth stage. Regarding "responsibility judgment" according to Kohlberg's theory, it is important for students to consider both the individual and the group, and to engage in "just sharing." For this purpose, a perspective of "tolerance" is necessary in group "responsibility judgment," and "empathetic understanding" is required in mutual recognition. This leads to "responsibility judgment" as "tolerance" which is essential for establishing mutual trust.departmental bulletin pape

九州共立大学研究紀要表紙 第15巻第2号

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