水下亚波长广角声单向传输结构设计与优化

利用传递矩阵法,基于流固超晶格的单元传递矩阵,计算并分析了无限周期流固超晶格的能带结构以及有限周期级联超晶格的透射谱。在此基础上,耦合一维周期性矩形声栅与级联超晶格,构造了水下亚波长广角声单向传输结构,揭示了其广角声单向传输机制。有限元仿真结果表明,该结构能够实现约20°广角入射声波的单向传输效应,同时还具有宽频带、高整流比等特性。通过优化声栅单元的方位角,有效地提高了结构的正向导通率。本文结果突破了基于声子晶体的声单向传输设计中面临的"波长-尺寸"限制,有助于水下声整流器件朝着小型化和集成化方向发展。国家自然科学基金青年项目(11604128)水声技术重点实验室装备预研基

碳酸盐岩油藏缝洞单元离散数值模型及压力响应曲线特征

缝洞型碳酸盐岩油藏储集体类型多样,如何充分利用试井测试资料认识钻遇储层特征是后期挖潜增产的关键,并且常规解析试井模型中无法考虑井与缝洞的位置关系导致解释结果误差较大。为此,根据缝洞单元内缝洞与井的分布特征,分别建立了井钻遇和未钻遇缝洞2种离散数值试井模型,并进行有限元求解,分析了缝洞体大小以及缝洞体与井之间距离对井底压力响应曲线的影响。采用该方法对塔里木哈拉哈塘油田14口井测试资料进行试井分析,结果表明,受缝洞体的影响,井底压力响应曲线特征可分为：缝洞发育-未钻遇缝洞-井在缝洞附近、缝洞发育-钻遇缝洞、钻遇多个连通的缝洞、基质为主-缝洞不发育以及缝洞不发育-钻遇个别缝洞5种类型

The development of online detecting system of five-axis CNC grinding machine for indexable insert

五轴可转位刀片磨床具有高速、高精的特点,为了使所磨的刀片符合精度要求,需要针对刀片的尺寸开发一种在线检测系统。本文所介绍的在线检测系统主要由两方面构成:一是在磨床数控系统中将测头伸缩时发出的电压信号转换为测量值;二是建立刀片尺寸的加工模型。在线检测系统通过调用系统的测量宏程序,获取刀片测量值,将此测量值输入到加工模型中,得到所加工刀片的指导尺寸。通过实验,得到了刀片的指导尺寸和测量时间,验证了此在线检测系统是可行并且可靠的。The five-axis CNC grinder of indexable insert is characterized by high-speed and high-precision.,in order to meet the accuracy requirements of grinding blades, needed an online detection system developed for the size of the blade.The online detection system described in this article consists of two aspects: First, the voltage signal that when the probe telescopics will be converted to the measured value; Second, establishing the process model of the blade size.The online detection system will get the blade measurements by calling the measure macro, then the measured value input into the process model, obtaining the guidance blade size.Through the experiment, verifying this online detection system is feasible and reliable by the obtained guidance blade size and the measuring time.国家“高档数控机床与基础制造装备”科技重大专项资助(2010ZX04001-162

基于引文曲线拟合的新兴技术主题的突破性预测

[目的/意义]通过对新兴技术主题的引文曲线进行拟合分析，提炼和归纳引文曲线的主要类型和特征，以期能为微观层面突破性创新主题预测方法的研究提供参考。[方法/过程]首先提出利用引文曲线追踪感知新兴技术主题形成突破性创新的假设，并提出跃迁指数的概念和计量方法，从知识跃迁和持续增长两个维度总结识别突破性创新的标准并构建突破性识别的方法模型。其次利用新兴技术主题发文的时序被引数据构建引文曲线并进行拟合分析，实现对不同主题包含的引文曲线的类型分类，提炼引文曲线的主要特征进行突破性预测。[结果/结论]新兴技术主题引文曲线的特征包括：近期持续增长；近期持续下降；生命周期短；相近年份变化趋势一致。根据突破性创新的识别标准，如果引文曲线跃迁次数多、跃迁幅度大，最高被引峰值出现时间较晚，并且在近期保持高被引且持续稳定或快速增长，则新兴技术主题具有成为突破性创新的潜力。结合领域专家对预测结果的评估以及不同新兴技术主题的研究进展，验证了利用引文曲线可以有效预测新兴技术主题的突破性。</p

Dynamic Modeling and Simulation for Bed Temperature of Circulating Fluidized Bed Boiler

[中文文摘]在分析了循环流化床锅炉床内温度动态特性的基础上,通过对循环流化床锅炉动态特性的主导过程-动态物料平衡,动态残碳量平衡以及动态能量平衡以及辅助过程-氧气浓度平衡,焦炭颗粒能量平衡的描述,建立了以给煤、一次风、二次风和排渣为输入变量的动态模型.结合某220 t/h循环流化床锅炉的现场数据,采用MATLAB 6.5软件对所建模型进行了连续脉冲动态仿真和实时仿真,连续脉冲动态仿真结果可以很好地反映输入脉冲变量发生变化时床温的动态响应情况,实时仿真结果与现场采集到的数据能够很好吻合.[英文文摘]Based on the analysis of dynamic traits of CFBB,this paper gave good descriptions of dynamic processes of CFBB,such as dynamic mass balance of total bed inventory,dynamic carbon mass balance and dynamic energy balance.Then a simplified model was then proposed for the dynamic simulation of the bed temperature of CFBB,which considered the rate of coal feed,primary air,secondary air and bottom ash removal as inputs.Combining with the data obtained from the actual process of a 220t/h CFBB,the step changes simulation and the real2time simulation were implemented by the powerful technical2computing language - Matlab 6. 5. The results of the step change simulation reflected well the transient dynamic response of bed temperature when inputs were changed ,and the real-time simulation was in good agreement with the actual data

Improvements on the new relaxation & bubble point method in the continuous distillation calculation

[中文文摘]结合新松弛法和泡点法,对多元精馏塔进行稳态模拟计算。为了克服松弛法迭代缓慢的缺点,本文对新松弛法算法进行了分析,提出了两处改进:引入θ法进行圆整归一以加速迭代,以及应用塔板水力学方程来求算收敛因子。通过两个实例仿真表明,改进后的新松弛一泡点法不仅继承了松弛法算法简易性和通用性等优点,所费计算机时较少,可适用于多股进料、多股侧线采出和多个中间换热器的多组分复杂精馏过程。[英文文摘]New Relaxation Method and Bubble Point Method were usually combined in the rigorous continuous distillation calculations. To ameliorate the slow convergence rate of Relaxation Method, two improvements were put forward in this paper:θ Method to accelerate the calculation and Plate Hydraulics Correlation to fix on the value of Convergence Factor in New Relaxation Method. The results of two examples showed that the improved New Relaxation & Bubble Point Method inherited all the merits of New Relaxation Method, and furthermore, made a greal dent in facilitating the convergence rate and shortening the computational time

基于机动平台序列图像的空间飞行器定轨技术研究

针对机动观测平台单目光学成像系统的特点,在不能测定目标飞行器位置和速度的前提下,通过对成像系统与空间飞行器空间关系的分析,提出了视平均运动角速度与真平均运动角速度的概念,并构建了关于二者的约束方程,实现了基于测角数据的观测斜距的估计,从而解算出定轨所需的初始状态参数。基于观测斜距估计的轨道确定方法把对空间飞行器的定轨问题,归结为根据图像序列计算目标测角和根据测角数据确定观测斜距,解决了利用空间单目光学成像数据的定轨问题,并以高轨卫星为实例对定轨精度进行了仿真验证。A new method using image series of monocular optical imaging system on motion platform for spacecraft orbit determination is developed in the absence of position or velocity information of target spacecraft. Through analysis of characteristics about the imaging system and space relation of the imaging system and the spacecraft, the concept on the real average angular velocity and the apparent average angular velocity is presented to design an equation in order to estimate slope distance of the imaging system according to longitude and latitude data derived from image series and to calculate spacecraft initial state parameters. This method offers an approach for orbit determination with series image from the monocular optical imaging system by coping with the problem to calculate the longitude and latitude according to image series and then to estimate the slope distance. Finally a simulation instance of a GEO satellite is adopted to validate this method

Integral Dynamic Model and Simulation of the 440 t/h Circulating Fluidized Bed Boiler

建立循环流化床锅炉的整体动态模型对循环流化床锅炉设计、生产优化、自动控制系统的开发研究等有至关重要的影响.本文在综合分析循环流化床锅炉床温和汽包压力的动态特性的基础上,采用集中参数化的方法,分别建立了燃烧系统模型和汽水系统模型;并通过炉膛传热量,将燃烧系统模型和汽水系统模型结合起来,从而建立了以给煤、一、二给风为输入变量的循环流化床锅炉的整体动态模型.并对所建立的模型方程进行仿真,结果分析证实了该模型的正确性.Integral Dynamic Modeling of the Circulating Fluidized Bed Boiler(CFBB) is important for the unit design,online optimizationand development of control system.In this paper,the models of the combustion system and the steam-water system are proposed through lumped method,which are based on the analysis of dynamic characteristics of the bed temperature and drum-steam pressure of CFBB.Through the furnace heat transfer,both of the models are combined to obtain the integral dynamic model,which considered the coal feed,primary air and secondary air as inputs.And the result of the real-time simulation agrees with the actual data well.福建省科技计划重点项目(2005H044)资

The Discrete Numerical Models and Transient Pressure Curves of Fractured-Vuggy Units in Carbonate Reservoir

Fractured-vuggy carbonate reservoirs have various types of units, and making full use of the well test data to study reservoir characteristics is quit important to enhance oil production. However, conventional analytical well test model cannot consider the positional relationship of well and fractured-vuggy units. According to the distribution of well and fractured-vuggy units, two kinds of discrete numerical models of WIC and WOC are given, and these models are solved by the finite element method. The influence of cave volume and the distance between cave center and well are analyzed. The measured data of 65 Wells in Hala Hatang oilfield is summarized and interpreted, and the classification of the reservoir units and identification methods are analyzed. Their well test double logarithmic curves are divided into five types corresponding to different reservoir units characteristics.. : The oil well is not drilled in any fractured-vuggy unit, but abundant fractured-vuggy units exist in the reservoir. II : The oil well is drilled in the fractured-vuggy units, and many fractured-vuggy units exist in the reservoir. III: The oil well is drilled in multiple connected caves..: Carbonate reservoirs contain primarily matric. V: The oil well is drilled in some individual caves, but the fractured-vuggy units do not develop

基于牧民放牧行为的青海湖流域放牧路线研究---以刚察县为例

牧民对草地资源的利用在时间和空间维度上的移动形成了放牧路线,放牧路线决定草地资源的利用顺序,合理的利用顺序可提升牧民对草地资源利用的科学性,维护区域资源环境与经济的可持续发展,而当前却鲜有对放牧路线的探讨。文中以青海湖流域刚察县为例,提出了放牧路线的划定方法和原则:首先建立放牧优先等级评价指标体系评价草地资源的放牧优先等级;然后基于牧民的放牧行为调查划分四季牧场;最后以优先利用放牧优先等级高的草地和尊重牧民季节轮牧的放牧习惯为主要原则,结合交通路线、居民点、四季牧场面积等因素规划放牧路线。运用该路线可为牧民合理放牧提供依据,研究方法也可为其他牧区放牧路线的规划提供借鉴。</p