Study on the relationship between supply and demand of college students in China in the perspective of demography

随着我国高等教育步入大众化中后期发展阶段，高等教育生源问题逐步凸显。持续的人口发展和结构变化正直接地影响着我国高等教育的规模和结构，高等教育适龄人口数和高考报名人数的持续下降引发了高等教育“生源危机论”。 过去二十年，我国高等教育传统生源量不断下降，但总体基数还很大，近二十年中每一年的总量均在9300万以上，区域高等教育生源量的变化态势具有很大差异性。未来二十年，我国高等教育传统生源量总体呈下降趋势，但其波动幅度远远小于过去二十年。庞大的高等教育生源量为生源供给提供了人口数量上的保障。 过去二十年，我国高等教育生源供给量经历了上升再下降的过程，生源需求量不断增长，高等教育供给率有了显著的提...China has stepped into the mid-to-post development stage of higher education massification, when the problem about the resource of college students attracts much attention. The continuous demographic changes, especially in the population gross and structure, are influencing the development of the scale and structure of higher education in China. The view that we are facing the crisis about the sou...学位：教育学硕士院系专业：教育研究院_高等教育学学号：2572012115173

校门:大学的精神符号

一提起大学校门,人们就会自然而然地联想到大学的精神,仿佛那或新或旧、或古朴或现代的校门是承载大学漫长历史和彰显大学内在精神的最佳表达方式。世事变迁,不变的是大学的存在。在繁星璀璨的大学谱系中,有历经近千年仍青春勃发的古典大学,有经历时代遽变而精神不倒、生机盎然的现代大学,有踏着信息化的脚步

面向2030世界高等教育发展的主要趋势与战略选择

新世纪以来,世界高等教育普及化进程进一步加快,高等教育与经济社会发展的关系日益紧密,与此同时,区域间高等教育发展差异扩大。面向2030,世界高等教育毛入学率均值将可能突破50%,主要高等教育发达国家(地区)在学规模增长可能放缓,除中国、印度等少数国家以外的主要高等教育发展中国家(地区)将仍处于高等教育大众化阶段,高等教育欠发达国家(地区)难有大的突破。为实现\"教育2030\"的愿景,世界高等教育发展的战略选择包括进一步扩大高等教育的包容性,发展基于公平与优质的高等教育体系,探索更有效的终身教育模式,加强高等教育国际合作与援助等

普及化趋势与世界高等教育发展格局——基于联合国教科文组织统计研究所相关数据的分析

世界高等教育发展经历了精英化时代、大众化时代和普及化时代。截至目前,全球共有64个高等教育发达国家、64个高等教育发展中国家及60个高等教育欠发达国家,有35个高等教育大国,以发达国家为主导的高等教育发展局面已被打破,发展中国家高等教育的影响力逐渐凸显。世界高等教育发展呈现两极化愈益明显、普及化进程与社会经济发展水平密切相关且普及化进程不断加快等特点。未来世界高等教育发展的两极国家将面临不同的挑战,高等教育普及化将在更大范围全面推进,金砖国家的高等教育普及化进程将深刻影响世界高等教育发展的整体格局。国家人文社科重点研究基地重大课题“我国高等教育内涵发展和质量建设的理论与实践研究”(课题批准号:17JJD88009)的研究成

国际高等教育质量保障与评估发展趋势及其启示——基于11个国家(地区)高等教育质量保障体系的考察

自世界高等教育逐渐步入大众化、普及化阶段以来,世界各国(地区)在构建和完善高等教育质量保障体系方面投入了大量精力。对四大洲共11个国家(地区)高等教育质量保障的结构、立法、理念与原则以及质量评估的内容与方法等方面进行研究,并据此对我国新一轮本科教育评估工作提出一些建议:继续采用审核模式,发挥文化机制作用,引导高校形成质量改进文化;突出\"学生中心\"理念,坚持成效导向,注重学生学习体验以及学生参与;强调学校自评和后续整改,重视评估工具的开发与应用,建立持续改进的长效机制;重视大数据和信息技术应用,优化评估流程,提高评估信度、效度与效率;重视评估的顶层设计,不断优化外部质量保障结构,使院校评估与专业评估形成有机整体;进一步教育部高等教育教学评估中心委托课题“新一轮高校本科教育评估方案研制——高等教育质量保障国际比较”的研究成

Prediction on Progress of Universal Higher Education in China——In the perspective of Trend Extrapolation Model based on Time Series

我国高等教育在学总规模和毛入学率在过去20多年里不断增长,增长幅度的波动由剧烈转向平稳。未来影响我国高等教育发展的外部因素将对其规模的扩张起到推动作用。通过构建时间序列趋势外推模型对未来十年我国高等教育规模进行预测发现,2025年我国高等教育在学总规模很可能达到5187.08万人至5929.88万人,将比目前(2015年末)多1000万人至2000万人。在2018—2022年之间,我国高等教育毛入学率很可能突破50%。这也就意味着未来3到6年内,我国高等教育将进入到普及化阶段,而我们需要为此做好准备。For the past more than twenty years, the total population at higher institutes and gross enrolment ratio has been increasing, and the volatility has transformed from strong fluctuation to stationary fluctuation. In the future, the external factors which influence the development of higher education will promote the expansion of higher education. The Trend Extrapolation Model has been built to predict the development of higher education scale over the next decade. The prediction results show that the total population at higher institutes in 2025 will probably reach 51.8708 million to 59.2988 million which will increase 10 millon to 20 million students than it in2015. Between 2018 and 2022, the gross enrolment ratio of higher education in China will probably pass 50%,which means China will probably enter into the phase of universal higher education in the next three to six years.From now on, we should prepare for the change which will be brought by the probable transition.教育部人文社会科学重点研究基地项目“创造性人才培养与大学教学文化研究(14JJD880002)的研究成

Reality of Higher Education Development and Policy Responses in China

近30多年来,中国高等教育与国际趋势相向而行,取得了举世瞩目的成就,与此同时,也面临一些新的情况和挑战,主要表现在人口变化、经济增长和高等教育大众化等对高等教育发展产生直接而重要的影响。为了应对相关挑战,国家采取了一些重要的政策,包括改革高考制度、发展高等教育的内涵和特色、完善现代大学制度、促进国际化、运用市场机制以及建立质量保障体系等。这些政策正在实施中,其中的矛盾与冲突,包括规模与质量、人文与功利、计划与市场、集权与放权、本土化与国际化等,对当前和今后的高等教育发展有着深刻的影响,应当予以重视。Higher education in China has been continuously growing,changing and developing.With more than 30years' development,Chinese higher education has made remarkable achievements.Meanwhile it has been facing some new situations-demographic changes,economic development,and higher education massification,which all have direct influence on its development.Some policy decisions have been made in response,including reforming the college entrance examination system,developing the qualities and characteristics of higher education,improving the modern university system,promoting marketization and internationalization,and strengthening the quality guarantee system,which are the current priorities of the Government.There are a number of conflicts involved in the development as well as the policy-making process of higher education policies,such as scale and quality,humanity and utility,planning and marketing,centralization and decentralization,localization and internationalization,which have already brought about and will continue to have important influence on the development of Chinese higher education

The Universal Trend and Development Strategies of Higher Education in China: with an Analysis of Cross-straits Exchanges and Cooperation on Higher Education

我国高等教育毛入学率很快将超过50%,进入普及化发展阶段。民众自身发展的诉求、社会经济发展的需要以及国家竞争力提升的需要是推动我国高等教育向普及化发展的主要力量。我国高等教育的发展具有以下特点:平民教育理念贯彻始终,高等教育系统庞大、年轻,规模、结构、质量协调发展,以重点建设带动全面提升,多样性发展格局基本形成,与社会发展的融合度逐步扩大,现代化教育体系建设逐步推进,以改革促进高等教育发展,高等教育国际化不断加强,两岸合作交流不断加深。面对高等教育发展新态势,我国已经并将继续采取"双一流"建设、内涵式发展、多元化发展、开放发展、创新发展等一系列应对政策和战略,迎接普及化阶段的到来。The gross enrolment ratio of higher education in China will probably pass 50%, which means China has entered into the phase of universal education. The demands of people＇s self-development, the needs of society＇s economic development and the enhancement of national competitiveness are the major factors to promote the development of the universal higher education in mainland China. The features of the higher education development in China are as follows. Firstly, the concept of universal education has been followed as a core philosophy in the process of development, which lead the system of higher education to develop energetically and coordinately. Secondly, key construction projects encourages a comprehension of improvements, which facilitates to form a diversified development pattern. Thirdly, the degree of social integration has been gradually increased and the construction of modern educational system has been gradually promoted, which improves the development of higher education. Fourthly, the level of higher education internationalization has been strengthened and the exchanges and cooperation on higher education has been deepened. In order to response the new trend of higher education development, the mainland China has been and will continue taking those strategies which include ＂Double First-rate＂ program, connotative development, diversified development, open development and innovative development to welcome the arrival of popularization

Research on the Critical Thinking of College Students in Different Network Context

自编问卷《大学生网络情境下批判性思维的运用》,对厦门大学350名大学生进行调查。调查结果表明,(1)总体来说该校大学生在网络情镜下批判性思维的运用较多;(2)其中浅层次批判性思维的运用比深层次批判性思维的运用多;(3)在三种网络情境中,网购时批判性思维运用较多,其次是研究需要搜集信息时,最少是浏览新闻评论时。The questionnaire"the Ability of College Students to Apply the Critical Thinking in Different Network Context"which was designed by ourselves surveys 350 college students in Xiamen University.The result of the survey indicates:( 1) the students in this university always apply the critical thinking in network context;( 2) they apply the low-level critical thinking more often than the high-level critical thinking;( 3) in the three kinds of network context,the context they apply the critical thinking most is online shopping,the second is collecting information for academic research,the least is reading news comments

The Development Strategy of Graduate Education in the Thirteenth Five-year Plan Period

"十二五"期间,我国研究生教育发展取得了重大成就。"十三五"时期,我国研究生教育发展需求依然旺盛,尤其是创新驱动发展、战略新兴产业发展等方面的需求巨大。"十三五"时期,在"满足需求、提高质量"的总体要求下,我国研究生教育发展必须坚持"积极稳健发展"的基本思路,坚持存量调结构,增量促发展的原则,有计划地进一步扩大总体规模,全面推动研究生教育内涵式发展,改革研究生教育人才培养模式,全面提高研究生教育质量与效益,促进研究生教育持续健康发展。China has got significant achievement in the development of graduate education in the Twelfth Five-year Plan period. And the motivations to the development of graduate education are still great, which especially comes from the demands of innovation driven and the development of emerging industries of strategic importance. In the Thirteenth Five-year Plan period, at the main request of "meeting the demands and improving the quality", we should insist the basic idea of "positive and prudent development of graduate education", and stick to the principles of adjusting the current structure of the graduate education and increasing its scale to promote the development. Specifically, we should expand the overall size of graduate education according to a systematic plan,promote the connotative development of graduate education comprehensively,innovating talents cultivation pattern,improve the quality and efficiency of graduate education in the round, and ensure the sustained and healthy development of graduate education.中国学位与研究生教育学会“学位与研究生教育发展战略需求研究”(课题编号:2015Y0303)的研究成