Taxonomic and Molecular Phylogenetic Studies of Amphioxus: A Review and Prospective Evaluation

文昌鱼是最接近脊椎动物直接祖先的现生动物,在脊椎动物起源与演化研究中占有极其重要的位置。近年来,对文昌鱼的研究已引起越来越多的科学家的兴趣,然而作为生命科学研究的重要基础,这类动物的分类学研究相对滞后。依据已有的中国文昌鱼资源调查资料,中国沿海文昌鱼的分布应当十分广泛,即只要有适合文昌鱼栖息的沙滩,均有文昌鱼分布的可能。根据目前的分类学研究成果和动物命名法中的优先权原则,建议将产于青岛等地的文昌鱼种名Brnachiostoma belcheri tsingtauense订正为B.japonicus,南方的文昌鱼保留其原种名B.belcheri。由此,目前分布在中国沿海的鳃口文昌鱼属(Branchiostoma)至少有2种,侧殖文昌鱼属(Epigonichthys)有1～3种,漂浮文昌鱼(Amphioxides pelagicus)1种。DNA分子标记技术在文昌鱼分类学研究中将会发挥更大的作用。Amphioxus, as the closest living animal of the last common ancestor of all vertebrates, occupies an extremely important phylogenetic position in the evolution of vertebrates and has attracted the interest of scientists from various research fields in recent years. However, despite their importance for the life sciences, taxonomic studies of amphioxus are relatively limited. In present review, we summarize current progress in both field investigations and taxonomic research of Chinese amphioxus. Based on the investigation data, we assume that amphioxus is distributed in all habitable sandy beaches along the Chinese coast from south to north. According to the rule of priority and recent taxonomic studies on amphioxus, we also propose that the original subspecies Brnachiostoma belcheri tsingtauense together with the population in most Japanese waters is an independent species and its name should be revised to B. japonicus. Consequently, there are at least two species of genus Brnachiostoma and 1-3 of Epigonichthys and one of Amphioxides in the China Sea. Finally, the application of DNA molecular markers in systematic studies of cephalochordate is evaluated.国家自然科学基金资助项目(30470938;30570208);; 福建省自然科学基金资助项目(D0510002);; 厦门市科技计划项目(3502Z20042015

Mass Cultivation of Feed Organism for Amphioxus in Laboratory

运用实验生态学方法研究了海产动物重要饵料生物———叉鞭金藻(Dicrateriasp.)在室内大量培养的条件和方法。结果表明,营养盐浓度对叉鞭金藻的生长没有明显影响,以1倍浓度的F/2培养基最佳;水温21~27℃的范围都适合叉鞭金藻的培养,27℃下的生长速度和种群最终密度都高于其他温度;在实际应用中,接种密度以10×104~30×104个mL为最佳;在收获方式上,一次性培养与半连续培养的最终收获量没有显著差别,但半连续培养较一次性培养更有利于操作和减轻工作量。We have studied the condition and method for indoor mass cultivation of Dicrateria sp.,which is an important species for marine animal feeding.The results showed that concentration of nutrition salts did not obviously affect it's growth,and 1×F/2 medium would be the optimum.A range from 21 to 27 ℃was fit for the cultivation,but the growth rate and final population density at 27 ℃would be higher than those at other temperatures. Practically,an optimum inoculating density should be set between 10×10~4 and 30×10~4/mL Though hardly any difference has been shown between total harvest amounts of batch and semicontinuous cultivation,the latter is still better for simplifying manipulation and reducing workload.国家自然科学基金(30470938);; 福建省自然科学基金(D0510002);; 厦门市科技计划项

THE LABORATORY CULTURE AND REPRODUCTION of TWO IANCELETS IN XIAMEN

国家自然科学基金(30570208);教育部高等学校博士学科点专项科研基金(20070384041)资

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目的 研究高危型人乳头瘤病毒（HR-HPV）感染相关的宫颈病变程度与抗人乳头瘤状病毒（HPV）抗体水平的相关性,探讨HPV致病的免疫学问题。方法 选取2012年1月-2013年6月在该院妇产科门诊就诊的女性中选取60例病理确诊为女性宫颈病变（CINⅠ及以上）,且宫颈脱落细胞的DNA检测为HR-HPV阳性者为研究组,根据组织学检测结果将研究组进一步分为低度病变组30例（CINⅠ）和高度病变组30例（CINⅡ或Ⅲ）。对照组为经核酸检测无HPV感染且病理诊断未见癌前病变的门诊患者60例,按年龄进一步分为低年龄组和高年龄组。低年龄组和高年龄组与低度病变组和高度病变组的年龄差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。分别抽取研究组及对照组外周血,检测其抗HR-HPV L1 Ig G抗体及中和抗体滴度,比较研究组与对照组抗体阳性率及抗体滴度水平的差别。结果 研究组血清中的抗HR-HPV L1 Ig G抗体阳性率及抗体滴度均高于对照组（P〈0.05）;低度病变组患者血清中的抗HR-HPV的中和抗体滴度高于相应对照组（P〈0.05）,而高度病变组的抗HR-HPV的中和抗体阳性率及抗体水平与相应对照组比较差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。结论 宫颈病变患者血清中抗HR-HPV L1 Ig G抗体升高,说明HPV感染可引起机体的体液免疫反应。低度病变组的中和抗体水平相对较高,可能是机体产生的中和抗体阻止了病毒的进一步感染。高度病变组的Ig G抗体和中和抗体均低下,说明进入CINⅡ/Ⅲ后HPV已经逃避了免疫系统的监视。基金项目：厦门市科技局项目（3502220124050）;2011年福建省科技计划项目资助计划,青年创新项目（20111）00310517

Experimental Research on Slab and Wall Frame with Unbounded Prestressing in the Slab

进行了无粘结预应力板墙框架的反复荷载试验 ,对无粘结预应力板墙框架的工作特性、无粘结预应力筋在水平荷载下的变化规律进行了分析。讨论了墙内配筋率与板墙框架强度和变形性能的关系 ,及其对板墙框架破坏机理的影响Based on the experimental researches,the characteristic behavior of slab and wall frame with unbounded prestressing in the slab under low frequency cyclic loading have been studied.The effect of magnitude of reinforcement in the wall on the failure mechanism,the strength and the deformability,as well as the stress variation of the unbounded prestressing are carefully investigated

一种等离子体点火实验装置及方法

一种等离子体点火实验装置及方法-王方仪、张少华、郭大

Effect of far-infrared nanoceramics on the growth of Dicrateria sp.

单细胞藻类是鱼、虾、贝类等苗种生产的重要基础性活饵料.探索单细胞藻的培育新技术对于解决饵料藻类生产中的诸多问题具有重要的现实意义.远红外纳米陶瓷具有改变水分子团簇结构诱发生物效应的功能.本试验在叉鞭金藻(Dicrateria sp.)培养瓶中放入远红外纳米陶瓷材料一枚,其他培养条件与对照组相同,在培养结束时,置入纳米陶瓷的试验组的最高藻密度为345.3×104~397.8×104cells/cm3,而所有对照组在平台期能达到的最高藻密度为293.8×104~323.0×104cells/cm3,平均增长约20%,试验组达到最大密度的时间比对照组达到最高密度的时间提前了2~4d,试验组与对照组存在显著性差异,表明远红外纳米陶瓷可促进叉鞭金藻的生长,具有生产应用的前景.Microalgae are important foods for aquatic animals in larval breeding.It is very important to seek after new breeding technology for solving the problem during algal producing.Far-infrared nanoceramics can alter the structure of water molecular clusters,which may have affected biological functions.In the test,we applied far-infrared nanoceramic materials in Dicrateria sp.tanks with the control under the same conditions.The highest algal density was 345.3×104～397.8×104cells/cm3 in test groups while 293.8×104～323.0×104cells/cm3 in control groups,relatively.The treated groups gained 20% higher growth rate and the incubation time to the highest density was shortened by 2～4 days.The results shows a significant difference between the treated groups and controls.It indicate that nanoceramics can promote the growth of Dicrateria sp.and can be applied in algal culture.厦门市科技计划资助项目(3502Z20062006