Assessing the development of narrative comprehension and production in preschool children

This study aimed to develop a narrative production and comprehension assessment task for Cantonese-speaking preschool children. Children participated in the study by retelling a story, answering factual and inferential questions. In production task, syntactic complexity, conjunction, referencing and macrostructure were measured. In comprehension task, factual and inferential questions were included. The result revealed that the narrative task was generally developmentally sensitive. Syntactic complexity measure was the best measure in capturing developmental changes while conjunction measure was the least developmental sensitive. Significant developmental differences in comprehension task were found for the K1 group and the K2 group, the K1 and the K3 group but not between K2 and K3 group. Strong positive correlation between comprehension and production performance was also indicated.published_or_final_versionSpeech and Hearing SciencesBachelorBachelor of Science in Speech and Hearing Science

Analysis of difficulties and solutions on community first diagnosis system development in our country

目的:本文通过分析社区首诊制提出前后的实践探索,探索建立和发展社区首诊制前提和难点,并提出政策建议:社区首诊制的建立和发展必须保持政策的连续性和稳定性,利用政策导向、完善的法律法规和监管制度及理论和实践的研究成果来规范和引导社区首诊制的健康发展。Through the analysis of the practical exploration before and after the proposed community first diagnosis system in this paper,we explored the premise and the difficulties of establishing and developing community first diagnosis system development,and put forward policy suggestion:the establishment and development of community first diagnosis system must maintain the continuity and stability of policies,we use policy guidance,perfect legislation and regulatory system,the research achievements of theory and practice to standardize and guide the healthy development of the community first diagnosis system

症状性大脑中动脉M1段重度狭窄/闭塞患者磁共振血流信号与短期预后的关系

【目的】探讨症状性大脑中动脉（MCA）M1段重度狭窄和闭塞患者三维时间飞跃法磁共振血管成像 （3D-TOF-MRA）上血流信号与短期预后的关系。【方法】回顾性连续纳入2009年5月至2016年5月入院的症状 性MCA-M1段重度狭窄和闭塞患者。收集患者的一般信息、临床资料和头颅影像学数据。分析患者在3D-TOF- MRA上血流信号特点，包括：（1）MCA病变远端血流信号；（2）大脑后动脉（PCA）偏侧化。分析MCA-M1段重度 狭窄和闭塞患者3D-TOF-MRA上血流信号特点与短期预后的关系。【结果】共纳入328例患者，MCA-M1段重度 狭窄患者154例，闭塞患者174例。对于MCA-M1段重度狭窄患者，MCA远端血流信号差与短期预后不良独立 相关［优势比（OR）0.32，95%置信区间（95%CI）0.14~0.72］，但PCA偏侧化与短期预后无统计学相关性（OR 2.28， 95%CI 0.85~6.15）；对于MCA-M1段闭塞患者，出现PCA偏侧化与短期预后良好独立相关（OR 3.54，95%CI 1.32~ 9.48），但MCA远端血流信号与短期预后无统计学相关性（OR 0.58，95%CI 0.22~1.48）。【结论】症状性MCA重度 狭窄和闭塞患者的短期预后与3D-TOF-MRA的血流信号有关，但两者的特点不同。MCA-M1段重度狭窄患者 的短期预后与3D-TOF-MRA上显示的MCA-M1段病变远端血流信号（前向血流信号）相关；MCA-M1段闭塞患 者的短期预后与3D-TOF-MRA上的PCA偏侧化（侧支循环血流信号）相关

Combustion characteristics of Miscanthus floridulus and its biochar

[[abstract]]焙燒是一種溫度介於180至300℃之間在缺氧環境下的溫和熱裂解過程，藉由焙燒可以增加燃料的易研磨性，使生質燃料更易儲存並且提升熱值。本研究選用五節芒草當作生質燃料進行探討，同時透過管狀高溫爐進行焙燒過程取得芒草炭、元素與近似分析探討其物化特性、熱重分析儀進行其熱裂解與氧化反應分析，以及建置一燃燒爐探討單顆固態燃料錠在高溫自然對流空氣環境下的燃燒特性與火焰現象。結果發現，焙燒改變了燃料在各溫度區間下的熱裂解與氧化速率，以及燃燒模式，進而改變了燃料在600℃環境中燃燒的型態。結果顯示焙燒雖讓燃料引燃溫度提高，但實際燃燒時焙燒卻能加快燃料被引燃速度，以及提升擴散火焰的燃燒延續時間，這主要是因為焙燒反應改變了五節芒草原始成分以及熱裂解反應及氧化反應特性，芒草炭隨焙燒成度提高，炭化程度跟著提升、揮發份減少，且O/C比值大幅下降，使得芒草炭熱值提高，而且裂解與氧化反應速率也跟著改變。 Torrefaction is a mild pyrolysis process carried out in the temperature range of 180 to 300℃ in the absence of oxygen. Torrefaction can increase grindability of fuel, make the resultant biomasseasier to store and increase the heating value. In this study, miscanthus floridulus is used as raw material and torrefied by a tube furnace. The elements and proximate analyses have been carried out. Thermo gravimetric analyzer was used to study pyrolysis and oxidization reaction of miscanthus floridulus and it’s biochars. In addition, their combustion characteristics were investigated by a free-drop furnace which can burn the fuel speciesin a high temperature free convection environment. According to experimental results, torrefaction canenhance the ignition temperature, in real combustion, torrefaction can reduce ignition delay time and prolong flame burn-out time. The primary reason is that different torrefaction temperature can change miscanthus’s pyrolysis and oxidization reaction property and their reaction rate. When increase the torrefaction temperature, will increase carbonization of miscanthus, decrease volatile componentand O/C ratio and enhance the heating value,therefore, leading to the above combustion and ignition characteristics of the miscanthus biochar