梭罗生活观的当代价值

随着近代以来自然科学的迅速发展,人类征服自然、改造自然的能力也有了很大的提高,物质生活也越来越丰富,可人们生存的意义却变得模糊,生态环境也却遭到极大的破坏。人类生存的内外根基都失去了平衡。了解、借鉴梭罗的生活观,追求简单的生活方式,物质简朴,精神丰富,和自然和谐共生,无疑对现代的人类具有重要的意义

Advance in research of water-proof liquid band-aid

创可贴是人们生活中最常用的外科用药。传统的创可贴即是一长形胶布,中间附以浸过药物的纱布,从而起保护伤口,暂时止血的作用。传统创可贴适合创伤较为表浅,伤口整齐干净、出血不多而又不需要缝合的小伤口使用。本文所要讲述的液体创可贴可用于大部分的外伤伤口,能够及时止血及防止病原微生物的感染。本文主要讲述了近些年刚刚出现的防水型液体创可贴,包括其主要的作用,材料组成及相关临床研究。Band-aid is the most commonly used surgical medication. The traditional band-aid is a longshaped adhesive,and the intermediate layer accompanied by soaking medicine gauze,thereby used for the wound and temporary hemostasis. The traditional band-aid is suitable for shallow trauma,small wound,clean and tidy wound,less bleeding and the wound that needs no suture. In this article we introduced a liquid band-aid that can be used for most of the traumatic wound,can timely stop bleeding and prevent microbial infection. We mainly described the waterproof liquid band-aid appeared in recent years,including its main effects,material composition and related clinical research

Preparation of mesoporous silica nanoparticles in different pore size and its use in the solidification of sirolimus loaded self-microemulsifying drug delivery system

研究制备了不同孔径的介孔二氧化硅纳米粒及西罗莫司自微乳。使用扫描电镜、透射电镜、小角度X-射线衍射、氮气吸附-脱附表征制得的介孔二氧化硅纳米粒,发现其为有序的纳米孔道结构,孔径分别为6.3、8.1和10.8 nm,通过粒径测定仪测得西罗莫司自微乳粒径为20.6±1.3 nm。通过搅拌法制备载西罗莫司自微乳介孔二氧化硅纳米粒。研究发现,当西罗莫司自微乳与介孔二氧化硅纳米粒质量比2∶1时为最佳比例,载药量约为0.83%,且固体粉末流动性良好。采用差示扫描量热法表明,西罗莫司以非晶体或无定形存在于载体材料中,重分散性良好。孔径大小对于载西罗莫司自微乳介孔二氧化硅纳米粒在250 m L水中2 h的释放终点并没有显著影响,但对于最初40 min释放结果影响较大。综上,介孔二氧化硅纳米粒有望成为一种新型的自微乳吸附剂。The mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSN) in different pore size and sirolimus (SRL) loaded self-microemulsifying drug delivery system (SMEDDS) were prepared. The results in morphology were collected by scanning electron microscope, transmission electron microscope, small-angle X-ray diffraction, and N2 adsorption-desorption. The results showed that the prepared MSN has ordered nanochannels with a pore size of 6.3, 8.1, 10.8 nm, respectively. The particle size of SRL-SMEDDS were measured by particle sizing system, which was 20.6 ± 1.3 nm. The stirring method was developed to prepare SRL-SMEDDS-MSN. It was found that the optimal ratio of SRL-SMEDDS to MSN was 2: 1, while the drug loading rate was near 0.83%, and the flow properties of SRL-SMEDDS-MSN were of good condition. The differential scanning calorimetry results proving a molecular or amorphous dispersed state of SRL in MSN while the suspension experiment has shown great reconstitution properties of SRL-SMEDDS-MSN. There is no significant influence on maximum drug release rate of different pore size of SRL-SMEDDS-MSN in 250 mL water within 2 h, while the results of the first 40 min have an obvious difference. Above all, MSN might provide a new strategy for the solidification of SMEDDS.福建省科技计划重点资助项目（2013Y0074

Advances in preparation of mesoporous silica nanoparticles and its use as different functional drug

近年来,有越来越多的文献报道关于介孔二氧化硅纳米粒（mesoporous silica nanoparticles,MSN）作药物载体的研究。本文结合近几年国内外的相关文献,介绍了由Mobli公司合成的M41S系列,圣巴巴拉大学合成的SBA系列,以及中空介孔二氧化硅纳米粒这3种最常见的MSN的特点及制备方法,并举例介绍了MSN作为药物速释载体的相关研究,同时从p H敏感型、热敏型、光响应型三方面介绍了MSN作为药物控释载体的研究。从相关研究结果可以看出,将MSN作为药物的载体,鉴于其独特的介孔孔径、可调节的纳米孔道结构、易于功能化修饰的表面等特点,可以实现对药物的速释、缓释及控释释放。由此可见,选择将MSN作为药物的载体具有广阔的应用前景。In the past a few years, mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSN) have attracted more and more attention for their application in drug delivery. The recent relative literature was used for reference to introduce the characteristics and preparation of M41S series MSN (synthesized by Mobil Corporation), the SBA series MSN (synthesized by Santa Barbara University), and hollow mesoporous silica nanoparticles. Examples were presented to introduce the use of MSN as immediate drug delivery carrier. The use of MSN as controlled drug delivery carrier (CDDC) was illustrated via pH-responsive CDDC, temperature-sensitive CDDC, and light-triggered CDDC. MSN showed great properties in immediate/sustained/controlled drug delivery system, in view of their unique mesoporous pore diameter, adjustable nano-channel, and surface easily to be modified. The selection of MSN as drug carrier has a broad application prospect. ? 2017, Chinese Journal of New Drugs Co. Ltd. All right reserved.福建省科技计划重点项目（2013Y0074

中药多组分缓释制剂体外释放评价体系的研究进展

目的：为找到更适合中药多组分的评价方法提供思路。方法：以＂中药多组分＂＂体外释放＂＂同步释药＂＂多指标＂＂Synchronized＂＂Release in vitro＂＂TCM multicomponent＂＂Multi-index＂等为关键词,组合查询2004年1月-2016年6月在PubMed、Elsevier、Springer Link、中国知网、万方、维普等数据库中的相关文献,对中药已知成分作为评价指标、中药指纹图谱在药物体外释放中的应用,以及中药化合物组、吸波面积法、质量权重系数法等方法在中药多组分缓释制剂体外释放中的应用进行综述。结果与结论：共检索到相关文献210篇,其中有效文献42篇。对于成分复杂的中药制剂,溶出度的测定选择其中某种已知的指标成分进行;选择中药组分制剂中的一种或几种药效成分的释放度作为评价指标,可反映中药组分制剂中特定成分的释放特征;以指纹图谱相关峰为指标,可更全面地评价中药多组分缓释制剂的体外释放行为;选择中药多组分制剂中的几种有效成分并结合中药制剂的指纹图谱进行评价中药多组分制剂的释药行为,既可反映多个成分的含量变化,又可反映中药复方整体的含量变化;基于中药化合物组的整体谱特征,采用卡尔曼滤波法,计算获得溶出介质中化合物的含量,能很好地反映中药多组分的释药行为;吸波面积法能考察中药所有成分的释放情况,对复方药物溶出度及体内药动学的研究有指导意义;质量权重法可为中药组分的整体性研究提供参考,但必须明确各成分在整体组分中所占的质量权重系数才能整合反映整体性质。福建省自然科学基金资助项目（No.2015J01491

Preparation and characterization of lyotropic liquid crystal and its application in drug delivery systems

脂质已经被广泛地用作多种药物传递系统中的主要组分,例如脂质体、固体脂质纳米粒、纳米结构脂质载体和溶致液晶。其中,溶致液晶具有高度的有序性和热力学稳定的内部纳米结构,从而具有作为持续释放药物模型的潜力。立方相和六角相的复杂结构已经被证实能够为活性药物原料（不同的相对分子质量和极性）提供由扩散控制的释放。此外,脂质的生物可降解性和生物相容性证明了其具有最小的毒性并且可应用于多种给药途径。因此,近几年对溶致液晶的研究已经吸引了很多研究者的关注。本文将对溶致液晶的结构特点、制备方法、表征进行综述。此外,溶致液晶作为药物传递系统的最新研究进展将被进一步讨论。Lipids have been widely used as main constituents in various drug delivery systems,such as liposomes,solid lipid nanoparticles,nanostructured lipid carriers and lyotropic liquid crystals.Among them,lyotropic liquid crystals have highly ordered,thermodynamically stable internal nanostructure,thereby offering the potential as a sustained drug release matrix.The intricate nanostructures of the cubic phase and hexagonal phase have been shown to provide diffusion controlled release of active pharmaceutical ingredients with a wide range of molecular weights and polarities.In addition,the biodegradable and biocompatible natures of lipids demonstrate the minimum toxicity and thus lipids are used for various routes of administration.Therefore,the research on lyotropic liquid crystalline has attracted a lot of attentions in recent years.This review will provide an overview of structural characteristics,preparation,exosyndrome,in particular the most current research progresses on lyotropic liquid crystal as drug delivery systems.军队医疗机构制剂标准提高科研专项课题（编号：14ZJZ17

Preparation and in vitro Dissolution of Sirolimus Self-microemulsifying Sustained-release Tablets

目的制备并评价西罗莫司的自微乳缓释片。方法利用微晶纤维素吸附西罗莫司自微乳,再与羟丙甲纤维素混合压制缓释片;考察羟丙甲纤维素的型号和用量,以及缓释片的硬度对西罗莫司溶出的影响。结果随羟丙甲纤维素黏度的增大,西罗莫司的溶出逐渐减缓。分别制备羟丙甲纤维素K100lv和K4M的缓释片,均呈现随羟丙甲纤维素用量增大,西罗莫司溶出减缓的趋势,且在采用15%羟丙甲纤维素K100lv或10%羟丙甲纤维素K4M时溶出曲线相对较佳,但重现性差。调整缓释片的硬度为120N时,西罗莫司溶出符合Q2〈30%,45%90%,且3批样品溶出曲线的f2为67、61、72,均大于50,重复性良好,相比微晶纤维素片和市售纳米结晶片,可缓释12h。结论优选的西罗莫司自微乳缓释片具有良好的缓释性能。Objective To prepare sirolimus（SRL） self-microemulsifying tablets with sustained release behavior.Methods MCC was used to absorb the SRL self-microemulsifying delivery system,which was then mixed with HPMC to prepare the tablets. The type and percentage of HPMC, and the hardness of the tab lets were investigated and optimized. Results With the increase of the viscosity of HPMC, the release of SRL was decreased. Tablets with HPMC K1001v and K4M were prepared respectively. The release of SRL was reduced with the increase of the percentage of HPMC K1001v or K4M. 15 HPMC K100lv or 10 HPMC K4M led to favorable dissolution of SRL, but the reproducibility became poor.When the hardness of the tablets was optimized to be 120 N, the dissolution conformed to Q2 30 Y0,45 /00 Q6 65 /0, Qlz 90G.Moreover, the release curves of three batches of samples had f 2 values of 67, 61 and 72, indicating that the reproducibility was good. Compared to the MCC tablets and commercial tablets, the optimized tablets had a sustained release of 12 h.Conclusion The optimal SRL self-microemulsifying tablets possess favorable sustained-release property.福建省自然科学基金项目,No.2010J0121

新疆城镇体系的理论与实践

从人地关系和人与自然和谐发展角度构建了新疆城镇体系地域系统框架,形成适合新疆区情的类型多样、尺度转换交融的城镇空间理论结构。不仅从单因素对新疆城市化和城镇体系的影响进行剖析,而且从时间尺度、空间尺度和科技进步三维勾勒出新疆城市化和城镇体系发展的动力机制。提出了走以大中城市和区域性中心城市以及重点小城镇优先发展、注重城市功能扩张和完善、集约化和内涵型的新疆城镇化发展道路。提出了重组乌鲁木齐大都市圈,以及北疆铁路沿线城镇密集带、南疆铁路沿线城镇发展带、沿线城镇发展带构成的“一圈、三带”的新疆城镇体系空间组合及发展模式。提出了以城镇发展为核心的统筹规划方案,突出了生态环境分区划调整等理论与实践问题