39 research outputs found

    Impacts of storm event on DOM composition and flux in two Jiulong Tributaries with different watershed features

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    通过调查2014年7月"麦德姆"台风影响期间福建九龙江北溪(流域以林地为主)和西溪(农业流域和城市背景)下游定点站DOM的时间序列,测定样品的DOC含量及其吸收光谱和三维荧光光谱,以评估不同流域背景对河流DOM动力学降雨响应的差异性,并为流域-河口系统的一体化管理提供重要参考。降雨期间,两条河流DOC浓度、吸收系数aCDOM(350)以及总荧光强度均随径流量升高而增大,并在水位下降期持续增加,且西溪增加量明显高于北溪,说明受人类活动扰动大的流域河流有机质对暴雨事件的响应更为灵敏;北溪和西溪的SUVA254分别显示出增大和减小的相反变化趋势,表明林地背景的流域主要冲刷芳香度高的DOM到河流,农业和城市背景则相反;降雨期西溪对九龙江DOM入海通量的贡献率高于北溪,与基流期北溪贡献率占主导恰巧相反,这种碳通量的逆转表明暴雨事件会放大人类活动对下游河口生态环境的影响。Watershed features have great impacts on river DOM composition and flux. In this study, temporal variations in DOM of the North(dominated by forestland)and West(dominated by farmland and urban area)Jiulong River were investigated during the typhoon"Matmo"in July, 2014. The DOM was characterized by DOC, absorption spectroscopy, and fluorescence excitation emission matrix spectroscopy(EEMs)analysis. The DOC concentration, absorption coefficient aCDO(350)and total DOM fluorescence intensity of both rivers increased significantly in both rising and falling hydrograph during the storm event. However, DOM abundance in the West River showed a much greater increase than that in the North River, suggesting more sensitivity of river DOM to rainstorm events in the watershed with greater anthropogenic perturbation. The specific absorption coefficient(SUVA254)of CDOM showed different variation tends between the North and West River,indicating that river DOM in forest-dominant watershed had high aromaticity and average molecular weight. The West River showed higher fluxes of DOM than the North River during storm event, which was opposite to that under the base flow condition. This reversion in DOM export flux suggested that storm event could amplify the influence of human activities in the watershed on the receiving estuarine ecosystems.The present findings are of great significance for the integrated management of coupled river-estuary system.国家自然科学基金项目(41276064,U1305231

    醇溶型无机锌车间底漆的电化学行为研究

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    使用电化学方法对2种不同的醇溶型无机锌车间底漆进行了研究,结合浸泡以及盐雾的实验结果,发现2种车间底漆中锌含量对阴极保护时效有影响,但不是决定车间底漆防锈能力的唯一因素,锌含量与防锈颜料对于车间底漆的防锈性能有协同效果。其中,锌粉在早期提供阴极保护的作用,而防锈颜料在后期对基底提供防锈保护。对于锌粉含量相对较高的车间底漆,锌粉并不是从一开始就全部参加阴极保护作用,而是一部分具有激活潜力的锌粉在另一部分锌粉率先反应之后才由\"未激活状态\"转变为\"激活状态\"进而提供阴极保护的作用

    抗胸腺细胞血清性肾炎模型大鼠肾小球中C5b-9的沉积及NO、TNFα含量分析

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    探讨抗胸腺细胞血清性肾炎 (ATSN)大鼠肾小球内C5b -9复合物的沉积与某些炎症介质和细胞因子如 :一氧化氮 (NO)和肿瘤坏死因子α(TNFα)的含量情况。方法 :大鼠一次性静脉注射抗胸腺细胞抗血清(ATS)建立ATSN模型 ,定期对ATSN大鼠肾小球中的补体C5b -9复合物进行免疫组化染色定位、显微图像扫描半定量分析 ;并对有C5b -9包绕的肾小球系膜细胞 (MC)进行计数。测定ATSN大鼠肾中诱生型NO合酶 (iNOS)mRNA的表达、尿液中NO的代谢产物 (NO-2 /NO-3 )及TNFα的排泄量。结果 :ATSN模型大鼠肾小球MC先溶解坏死后继发增生 ,病变早期 (溶解时相 )补体C5b -9复合物主要定位于肾小球系膜区及MC表面 ;随着病程的进展 ,被C5b -9包绕的MC逐渐减少 ,病程初期ATSN大鼠肾小球MC有明显的iNOSmRNA表达 ,尿液中NO-2 /NO-3 和TNFα的排泄量也明显增加。在ATSN病变的增生阶段 (一般 7d后 ) ,上述指标的变化逐渐趋缓。结论 :ATSN模型大鼠肾小球中MC逐渐溶解与补体C5b -9沉积及NO和TNFα的合成与释放有一定关

    Resolving Excitation Emission Matrix Spectroscopy of Estuarine CDOM with Parallel Factor Analysis and Its Application in Organic Pollution Monitoring

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    [摘要:利用激发发射矩阵荧光光谱(EEMs) 并结合平行因子分析( PARAFAC) ,研究了九龙江口有色溶解有机物( CDOM) 的荧光组分特征及其河口动力学行为,并探讨其作为河口区有机污染示踪指标的可行性. 利用PARAFAC 模型识别出九龙江口CDOM 由2 类4 个荧光组分组成,即类腐殖质荧光组分C1 ( 240,310 /382 nm)、C2 ( 230,250,340 /422 nm)、C4 ( 260,390 /482 nm) 及类蛋白质荧光组分C3(225,275 /342 nm) . 模型结果表明,传统寻峰法指认的短波类腐殖质A 峰区域(240 ~ 290 /380 ~480 nm) 实际上并非一个单独的荧光峰,而是若干荧光组分的组合,并且它与传统上指认的长波区海源类腐殖质M 峰、陆源类腐殖质C 峰之间存在内在联系. 包含M 峰的C1 组分在河口区随盐度增加呈稀释降低趋势,表明M 峰并不能被认为是海洋来源的专有特征峰. 类腐殖质组分C1 和C2 在盐度< 6 的河口最大浑浊带区表现出一定的添加行为,之后在河口混合过程中呈 保守行为,而类腐殖质荧光组分C4 则在整个河口混合过程中都呈保守行为. 类蛋白质荧光组分C3 在河口混合过程中呈不保守行为,并且在总荧光组分中所占比例在高盐度区呈上升趋势. EEM-PARAFAC 不仅可示踪九龙江不同支流DOM 的特征,并且还可很好地示踪九龙江口的有机污染程度.]、[Abstract:The distribution and estuarine behavior of fluorescent components of chromophoric dissolved organic matter ( CDOM) from Jiulong Estuary were determined by fluorescence excitation emission matrix spectroscopy (EEMs) combined with parallel factor analysis ( PARAFAC) . The feasibility of these components as tracers for organic pollution in estuarine environments was also evaluated. Four separate fluorescent components were identified by PARAFAC,including three humic-like components ( C1: 240,310 /382 nm; C2: 230,250,340 /422 nm; C4: 260,390 /482 nm) and one protein-like components (C3: 225,275 /342 nm) . These results indicated that UV humic-like peak A area designated by traditional“peak-picking method”was not a single peak but actually a combination of several fluorescent components,and it also had inherent links to so-called marine humic-like peak M or terrestrial humic-like peak C. Component C2 which include peak M decreased with increase of salinity in Jiulong Estuary,demonstrating that peak M can not be thought as the specific indicator of the“marine”humic-like component. Two humic-like components C1 and C2 showed additional behavior in the turbidity maximum region ( salinity < 6 ) and then conservative mixing behavior for the rest estuarine region,while humic-like components C4 showed conservative mixing behavior for the whole estuarine region. However,the protein-like component C3 showed nonconservative mixing behavior, suggesting it had autochthonous estuarine origin. EEMs-PARAFAC can provide fluorescent fingerprint to differentiate the DOM features for three tributaries of Jiulong River. The observed linear relationships between humic-like components and absorption coefficient a(280) with chemical oxygen demand (COD) and biological oxygen demand(BOD5 ) suggest that the optical properties of CDOM may provide a fast in-situ way to monitor the variation of the degree of organic pollution in estuarine environments.]国家自然科学基金项目( 40810069004, 40776041, 40676046) ;新世纪优秀人才支持计划项

    从多尺度到介尺度——复杂化工过程模拟的新挑战

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    化工过程普遍面对具有多尺度结构的复杂系统,而作为从基本单元相互作用形成系统整体行为与功能的关键环节,介尺度结构对化工过程的定量描述和定向调控具有重要意义。同时,化学、材料、生物、物理和系统科学等领域也都逐步认识到各自的介尺度问题及其共同特性。这表明对介尺度结构与行为共性的深入研究将对科学界产生全局性的影响,同时也表明这样的研究必须通过多学科充分交流、紧密合作才能取得重大进展。本文试图从多尺度研究的背景出发探讨化工及相关过程中介尺度模拟的意义、挑战和方法,并展望其发展

    智能扫地机滚刷齿轮箱的振动特性仿真分析及试验研究

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    针对某款扫地机齿轮箱噪声过大的问题,在多体动力学软件RecurDyn中建立齿轮箱动力学模型,得到稳态工况下齿轮副的动态啮合力,分析了啮合力对箱体振动的影响;利用Ansys对箱体进行模态和动态响应分析,显示振动响应峰值主要集中在齿轮啮合频率的基频、倍频、2倍频处,激起了与齿轮副的共振噪声。为避开共振带,在不增加箱体空间的情况下提出优化齿轮几何参数和改进电动机装配处结构的方案,并对优化方案进行了噪声试验。结果表明,优化齿轮几何参数和对电动机装配处加筋的组合方案为最佳方案,整机噪声降低了约8.9 dB。研究对该类产品的优化设计和减振降噪具有一定的研究意义和参考价值

    从多尺度到介尺度——复杂化工过程模拟的新挑战

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    化工过程普遍面对具有多尺度结构的复杂系统,而作为从基本单元相互作用形成系统整体行为与功能的关键环节,介尺度结构对化工过程的定量描述和定向调控具有重要意义。同时,化学、材料、生物、物理和系统科学等领域也都逐步认识到各自的介尺度问题及其共同特性。这表明对介尺度结构与行为共性的深入研究将对科学界产生全局性的影响,同时也表明这样的研究必须通过多学科充分交流、紧密合作才能取得重大进展。本文试图从多尺度研究的背景出发探讨化工及相关过程中介尺度模拟的意义、挑战和方法,并展望其发展

    从多尺度到介尺度------复杂化工过程模拟的新挑战

    No full text
    化工过程普遍面对具有多尺度结构的复杂系统,而作为从基本单元相互作用形成系统整体行为与功能的关键环节,介尺度结构对化工过程的定量描述和定向调控具有重要意义。同时,化学、材料、生物、物理和系统科学等领域也都逐步认识到各自的介尺度问题及其共同特性。这表明对介尺度结构与行为共性的深入研究将对科学界产生全局性的影响,同时也表明这样的研究必须通过多学科充分交流、紧密合作才能取得重大进展。本文试图从多尺度研究的背景出发探讨化工及相关过程中介尺度模拟的意义、挑战和方法,并展望其发展
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