Fabrication and Testing of the MEMS High Temperature Capacitive Pressure Micro-sensor

介绍了一种用硅–硅键合MEMS技术制作的高温电容式压力传感器,并给出了详细的制作工艺。文中对测试装置、测试电路进行了介绍和深入分析,最后用此测试电路对制作的传感器器件进行了高温测试,测试结果表明这种微传感器可在低于350℃的条件下正常工作,且具有很大的线性工作范围、良好的稳定性和较高的灵敏度,其应用前景十分广阔。MEMS high temperature capacitive pressure micro-sensor that combines a touch-modestructure and the silicon-silicon fusion bonding technique are mainly introduced. The producingtechnology is given in details. The testing equipment and testing circuit are introduced and ana-lyzed in details. At last, some testing experiments are done for the produced high temperature ca-pacitive pressure micro-sensors. The results proved that this type of micro-sensor can work wellunder 350℃, and has excellent linearity, relatively good stability and relatively high sensitivity; ithas lots of application fields

水电站跨省跨区月度合同电量曲线分解模型

水电站跨省跨区送电涉及多省份、多品种、多时间尺度等多维度电量曲线分解，且需要考虑复杂的电网调峰等需求，是电站每月发电运行中亟待解决的重要难题。依托实际工程的生产需求，构建了适合跨省、跨区送电的水电站月度合同电量曲线分解模型，考虑保量保价、保量竞价、市场化三类品种电价差异，以及电网调峰、市场和电站运行复杂约束，提出了多省多品种发电收益总和最大的二次规划目标，并采用混合整数线性规划方法实现了模型高效求解。以溪洛渡右岸水电站为依托工程，通过枯期、汛期两个不同的应用场景进行了模型验证，结果表明在满足电网要求的调峰边界条件下，通过优化两省多尺度多品种电量和出力分配，市场化电量优先分配至负荷高峰和平段，可以有效提高电站发电收益

鲑鳟通用型低通量单核苷酸多态性芯片的开发

为开发常见鲑鳟养殖物种通用的遗传分析工具,本研究利用Affymetrix虹鳟（Oncorhynchus mykiss） 57K高通量单核苷酸多态性（Single nucleotide polymorphism,SNP）芯片,对国内代表性鲑鳟养殖群体开展了分型检测,包括山女鳟（Oncorhynchus masou masou）、银鲑（Oncorhynchus kisutch）、美洲红点鲑（Salvelinus fontinalis）、白斑红点鲑（Salvelinus leucomaenis） 4个物种,从57,501个SNP标记中筛选出96个共享多态性标记,应用Fluigidm 96.96动态芯片平台,构建了大麻哈鱼属（Oncorhynchus）和红点鲑属（Salvelinus）通用型低通量SNP芯片。该芯片分型结果准确性较高,与Affymetrix高通量芯片分型一致性达到96.55%。使用该芯片对来自6个家系的48尾银鲑个体及其候选亲本进行检测,应用Cervus 3.0.7软件进行亲权鉴定,结果能够准确重现复杂家系的真实系谱。在用于单亲本亲权鉴定时,第一亲本非排除率（Non-exclusion probability for first parent, NE-1P）为4.120×10–4;用于双亲本亲权鉴定时,双亲非排除率（Non-exclusion probability for parent pair, NE-PP）低至6.219×10–12,表明该芯片在鲑鳟养殖群体系谱鉴定应用中具有较高的准确性。使用该芯片开展4个鲑鳟养殖群体遗传结构分析,样本分群聚类结果与其所属的分类阶元相符,能够准确反映群体遗传组分构成和遗传关系。本研究构建的低通量SNP芯片在常见鲑鳟养殖物种中具有良好的通用性,将其应用于养殖群体遗传分析,能够为鲑鳟制种、育种和引种等科学决策提供基因组信息参考。国家科技支撑计划项目(2015BAD25B01);;中国水产科学研究院基本科研业务费专项(2015C007)共同资助~

国内虹鳟代表性养殖群体的高通量SNP芯片检测及遗传分析

本研究旨在对国内虹鳟(Oncorhynchus mykiss)代表性养殖群体开展全基因组水平的遗传评估。利用57K单核苷酸多态性(single nucleotide polymorphism,SNP)芯片,检测了来自不同地域的6个虹鳟养殖群体样本共计48尾,包括黑龙江虹鳟、黑龙江金鳟、四川虹鳟、四川金鳟、北京虹鳟和北京金鳟,共获得有效SNP位点50201个,在中国虹鳟中的多态比例达到97.7%,表明该芯片虽然基于美国和挪威虹鳟群体设计,但对中国群体同样具有良好的适用性。各群体最小等位基因频率均值为0.240~0.267,与国外主流养殖群体相近,黑龙江虹鳟、四川虹鳟和北京虹鳟群体内遗传多样性丰富,多态位点比例为83.6%~84.9%,与国外主流养殖群体相近,而黑龙江金鳟、四川金鳟和北京金鳟,多态位点比例相对较低,在60.2%~76.9%范围内。应用6个中国虹鳟群体和2个美国虹鳟群体数据开展系统发育分析、主成分分析和群体遗传结构STRUCTURE分析,结果显示8个群体可分为3个祖源类群,其中3个金鳟群体为遗传联系较紧密的一个类群,黑龙江虹鳟和北京虹鳟为一个类群,而四川虹鳟与2个美国虹鳟群体为一个类群,部分中国养殖群体中有显著离群个体存在,表明群体遗传背景不均一。本研究表明,高密度SNP芯片在我国虹鳟养殖群体遗传分析中具有广泛的应用前景,能够为种质资源评估、本土化良种培育、制种和引种工作提供基因组水平的参考信息。国家科技支撑计划项目(2015BAD25B01);;中国水产科学研究院基本科研业务费专项(2015C007

中国旅游发展笔谈——品质旅游

我国经济已由高速增长阶段转向高质量发展阶段。就旅游业而言,也进入了品质化发展的关键阶段。随着人们出游机会的增多,人们对旅游的追求开始从\"有没有\"转向\"好不好\"。国务院发布的《\"十三五\"旅游业发展规划》关于旅游业发展形势的一个重要判断就是\"需求品质化\"。可以说,发展品质旅游既是对高质量发展国家战略的响应,也是满足人民群众美好生活需要的客观要求,同时是旅游业发展进入大众旅游中高级阶段之后的必然选择

类泛素蛋白及其中文命名

泛素家族包括泛素及类泛素蛋白,约20种成员蛋白.近年来,泛素家族领域取得了迅猛发展,并已与生物学及医学研究的各个领域相互交叉.泛素家族介导的蛋白质降解和细胞自噬机制的发现分别于2004和2016年获得诺贝尔奖.但是,类泛素蛋白并没有统一规范的中文译名. 2018年4月9日在苏州召开的《泛素家族介导的蛋白质降解和细胞自噬》专著的编委会上,部分作者讨论了类泛素蛋白的中文命名问题,并在随后的\"泛素家族、自噬与疾病\"(Ubiquitinfamily,autophagy anddiseases)苏州会议上提出了类泛素蛋白中文翻译草案,此草案在参加该会议的国内学者及海外华人学者间取得了高度共识.冷泉港亚洲\"泛素家族、自噬与疾病\"苏州会议是由美国冷泉港实验室主办、两年一度、面向全球的英文会议.该会议在海内外华人学者中具有广泛影响,因此,参会华人学者的意见具有一定的代表性.本文介绍了10个类别的类泛素蛋白的中文命名,系统总结了它们的结构特点,并比较了参与各种类泛素化修饰的酶和它们的生物学功能.文章由45名从事该领域研究的专家合作撰写,其中包括中国工程院院士1名,相关学者4名,长江学者3名,国家杰出青年科学基金获得者18名和美国知名高校华人教授4名.他们绝大多数是参加编写即将由科学出版社出版的专著《泛素家族介导的蛋白质降解和细胞自噬》的专家

Generation of induced cardiospheres via reprogramming of skin fibroblasts for myocardial regeneration

Cardiovascular disease (CVD), especially myocardial infarction (MI), is the leading cause of death worldwide. Despite recent advances in the treatment of MI, a significant proportion of patients still died of progressive heart failure. However, these therapies are only palliative without addressing the fundamental pathogenic process of MI, for example, the loss of functional cardiomyocytes. It has been demonstrated that endogenous cardiospheres (eCS), a form of cardiac progenitor cells (CPCs) that can be isolated from the adult heart, can be differentiated into functional cardiomyocytes in vivo, and thus represent a more effective cell-based therapy for treatment of MI. Unfortunately, the therapeutic application of eCS for MI is limited by low yield of cell harvesting, declining quality and quantity during the ageing process, and the need for highly invasive heart biopsy. Therefore, there is an emerging interest in generating cardiosphere- like stem cells from somatic cells with somatic reprogramming as an alternative source for CPC-based therapy. This novel approach may provide an unlimited source of stem cells with cardiac differentiation potential without the need for any invasive procedures. In this project, I infected the mouse embryonic and adult skin fibroblast cells with retrovirus-expressing Sox2, Klf4, and Oct4, and then subjected them to different cocktails of growth factor, small molecular cardiac transcription factors, and extracellular matrix to induce their transdifferentiation into cardiosphere. During the process of reprogramming, the expression of CPC marker genes (Mesp1, Isl, and Nkx2.5) was upregulated and further enhanced by the administration of Gsk3beta inhibitor BIO and Oncostatin M. I successfully induced the formation of cardiosphere-like stem cells through the sphere formation approach (induced cardiosphere, iCS). The iCS derived from mouse embryonic and adult skin fibroblasts contained CPC that can be differentiated into cardiomyocytes in vitro, and they were comparable to eCS from the perspective of action potential, calcium transient, contractility, and whole-genome gene expression profile. Transplantation of iCS into a mice model of acute MI provided therapeutic efficacy similar to eCS in improving cardiac function, decreasing infarct size, preserving left ventricular wall thickness, and increasing capillary density. Those engrafted cells had the potential to differentiate into cardiomyocytes and endothelial cells in vivo. Furthermore, human fibroblasts can also be reprogrammed into human iCS (hiCS) using the same strategy and have the capability of differentiating into cardiomyocytes in vitro. In conclusion, the results showed that donor-specific iCS can be generated through the somatic reprogramming process from skin fibroblasts without passing through a pluripotent stem cell stage by systematic screening of a panel of cardiotrophic growth factors. This novel approach can provide a source for cell therapy for treatment of MI. However, the iCS contains mixed cell populations, the same as eCS, and more specific CPC surface markers for purification are needed. Moreover, hiCS lose their ability to aggregate as spheres once dissociated; therefore, further optimisation of their culture conditions is required to support hiCS maintenance and expansion.published_or_final_versionMedicineDoctoralDoctor of Philosoph

明州大桥RB混凝土钢桥面铺装性能理论分析与实测研究

钢桥面铺装是钢桥上部结构中直接承受车辆荷载的重要组成部分，其性能直接影响了桥梁的通行能力和长期运营状况。为了比较宁波路宝集团自主研发的RB混凝土钢桥面铺装与普通沥青混凝土钢桥面铺装在性能上的差异，文章以明州大桥桥面铺装维修工程为依托，对更换桥面铺装更换前后的钢箱梁分别进行了静、动载试验测试，并进行了理论分析。研究结果表明：（1）明州大桥钢桥面板由沥青混凝土铺装更换为RB混凝土铺装后，桥面板应变变小，受力性能改善；（2）沥青混凝土铺装更换为RB混凝土铺装后，测试断面钢桥面板的自振频率增大，说明桥面板刚度得到了提高；（3）桥面铺装更换为RB混凝土后，汽车在桥上行驶时的冲击系数变小，降低了运动车辆对桥面板的冲击作用；（4）更换铺装前后结构的最大应力均小于许用用力，具有一定强度余量，满足强度要求。</jats:p

Fabrication and Testing of Capacitive Pressure Microsensor

从应用开发MEMS产品的实用角度出发,介绍了利用硅-硅键合技术制作的微型电容式压力传感器,给出了详细的制作工艺及主要工艺步骤图。对微传感器所用的测试装置的组成、测试电路的工作过程进行了详细介绍和深入分析。最后对不同尺寸的微传感器器件进行了测试,并对测试结果进行具体分析。结果表明:该微传感器具有良好的线性工作范围、良好的稳定性和较高的灵敏度。Introduced the capacitive pressure microsensor produced by Si-Si bonding technology in terms of the practicality of MEMS products.The producing technology and major diagrams were given in detail.The components of the testing equipment and working process of the testing circuit were introduced and analyzed in detail.At last,some testing experiments were done for the produced capaticive pressure microsensors.The results show that the microsensor has excellent linearity,high sensitivity and relatively good stability