Flexible decapyrrylcorannulene hosts

球形笼状的富勒烯是上个世纪末最重要的科学发现之一，但对富勒烯的精确几何结构的认识却困难重重，原因是单晶中球形分子的取向往往是无序的，需通过笼外衍生或通过八乙基金属卟啉-富勒烯超分子主客体组装来固定富勒烯的取向，然后利用常用的单晶衍射分析技术来精确表征富勒烯的几何结构。然而许多富勒烯新结构因无法与卟啉主体形成高质量的单晶至今仍无法利用X射线衍射技术进行结构分析，直接制约了对富勒烯形成机理及结构-性能关系的深入认识。功能团簇材料创新研究群体的谢素原、张前炎课题组另辟蹊径地从曲面结构的十氯碗烯C20Cl10出发，合成了十吡咯取代的碗烯分子C20(C4H4N)10。结构分析表明该分子的结构特征是碗烯的碳框架与十个吡咯基团通过单键相连。实验还证明，用甲基去取代吡咯3, 4-位置的氢并不利于富勒烯与碗烯衍生物形成有序的超分子组装体，理论研究进一步诠释了十个吡咯‘手指’的集体贡献比单个碗烯‘手掌’更大的原因。该研究工作是功能团簇材料创新研究群体长期积累，并由校内外十多位研究人员共同努力完成。徐云彦（2014级硕士生）、田寒蕊（2014级博士生）和李姝慧（2016年进站博士后）为该论文共同第一作者。【Abstract】The assembly of spherical fullerenes, or buckyballs, into single crystals for crystallographic identification often suffers from disordered arrangement. Here we show a chiral configuration of decapyrrylcorannulene that has a concave ‘palm’ of corannulene and ten flexible electron-rich pyrryl group ‘fingers’ to mimic the smart molecular ‘hands’ for self-adaptably cradling various buckyballs in a (+)hand-ball-hand(−) mode. As exemplified by crystallographic identification of 15 buckyball structures representing pristine, exohedral, endohedral, dimeric and hetero-derivatization, the pyrryl groups twist with varying dihedral angles to adjust the interaction between decapyrrylcorannulene and fullerene. The self-adaptable electron-rich pyrryl groups, susceptible to methylation, are theoretically revealed to contribute more than the bowl-shaped palm of the corannulene in holding buckyball structures. The generality of the present decapyrrylcorannulene host with flexible pyrryl groups facilitates the visualization of numerous unknown/unsolved fullerenes by crystallography and the assembly of the otherwise close-packed spherical fullerenes into two-dimensional layered structures by intercalation.This research was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (21771152, 21721001, 21827801, 51572231, 51572254, 21571151, 2170010228), the 973 Program of China (2014CB845601 and 2015CB932301), the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (2016M602067), the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2017YFA0402800), and the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Uni- versities (20720170028, 20720160084). Q.Y.Z. is particularly grateful to 21771152, 2015CB932301, 20720170028, 20720160084; S.F.Y. is particularly grateful to 51572254 and 2017YFA0402800; S.Y.X. is particularly grateful to 21721001 and 51572231; L.S.Z. is particularly grateful to 21827801; S.L.D. is particularly grateful to 21571151; S.H.L. is particularly grateful to 2170010228 and 2016M602067. 研究工作得到国家自然科学基金（21771152、21721001、21827801、51572231、51572254, 21571151、2170010228）、科技部973计划（2014CB845601、2015CB932301）和重点研发计划（2017YFA0402800）、国家博士后科学基金、中央高校基本科研业务费等的资助

“In my control” or “In the government’s hands?” The Influence of Culture and Extended-Self Identity on Political Participation in Taiwan and Mainland China

國族認同（national identity）是政治心理學研究中的一個熱門主題。本研究將文化及社會心理學中關於「大我」的理論，放在國族認同的具體議題下，將「大我」認同視作國族認同的組成部份，受到文化認同的影響，和文化認同一起對個體的政治行動傾向產生預測作用，建構國家認同影響政治行動傾向的理論模式。同時，研究中還討論了理論模式上的兩岸差異。本研究採用問卷法，研究對象為臺灣民眾153人，大陸民眾144人。結果發現：（1）文化認同對於大我認同有正向預測作用、大我認同對於政治行動傾向有正向預測作用；（2）臺灣民眾的身份認同大我，對臺灣文化認同和集體政治效能之間，起到了完全中介效果；（3）中國大陸民眾的身份認同大我，對中華文化認同和集體政治效能之間，起到了部份中介的效果；中國大陸民眾的身份認同大我，對中華文化認同和外在政治態度之間，起到了完全中介的效果；（4）大陸民眾的集體政治效能，顯著低於臺灣民眾。研究結果支持建構的理論模式。National identity has been a hot topic in the domain of political psychology. The aim of this paper is to construct the model on how national identity influences an individual’s political participation. In order to construct the model, this study introduces the theory of Extended-Self (or Big-Self, as 大我 in Chinese) into the domain of national identity, taking the Extended-Self identity which is influenced by cultural identity as a part of national identity, and uses the Extended-Self identity and cultural identity to predict the individual’s tendency for political participation. Furthermore, differences between the Taiwanese and Mainland Chinese models are discussed. This study employs the questionnaire method. Participants include 153 Taiwanese and 144 Mainlanders. The results reveal that (1) cultural identity can positively predict Extended-Self identity, while Extended-Self identity can positively predict political participation; (2) Taiwanese Social-Identity Extended-Self has a full-mediation effect for Taiwanese cultural identity and collective political efficacy; (3) Mainland Chinese Social-Identity Extended-Self has a partial-mediation effect for Chinese cultural identity and collective political efficacy, while Mainland Chinese Social-Identity Extended-Self has a full-mediation effect for Chinese cultural identity and external political attitude; (4) collective political efficacy for Mainland Chinese is significantly lower than that for Taiwanese. The results thus support the constructed model.一、前言 1 二、文獻回顧與理論建構 2 （一）「大我」——身份認同和情感聯結 2 （二）國家認同——指向主體的認同，和指向客體的贊同 4 （三）族群認同和文化認同——「大我」理論視角 6 （四）政治參與傾向——「操之在我」或是「交給政府」 7 （五）文化及大我認同，在對政治行動傾向的影響上的兩岸差異 9 （六）研究目的 11 三、研究方法 12 （一）研究參與者 12 （二）研究程序 13 （三）研究工具 13 四、資料分析與討論 22 （一）描述性統計和均值差異分析 22 （二）簡單相關 23 （三）路徑分析模型 25 第五節 結論與未來建議 29 （一）臺灣群體中的雙重文化認同 29 （二）外在政治態度的兩岸差異 30 （三）兩種「大我」認同 31 （四）政治效能感的兩岸異同 32 （五）對現有理論的補充與批判 33 （六）研究限制與未來方向 34 結語 35 參考文獻 36 附錄：各量表所包含之題目 4

不同有机肥对土壤养分及大蒜生长发育的影响

现代农业中人工合成物质的大量使用,造成了严重的环境污染问题。我国有机肥资源丰富,充分利用有机肥是缓解当前环境问题的重要途径之一。本试验以脱毒苍山蒜为材料,在长期有机肥养地的基础上以不施肥为对照,研究了不同有机肥(腐熟牛粪、腐熟兔粪、大豆发酵肥)处理对土壤养分、大蒜氮素吸收及产量等的影响。结果表明,腐熟牛粪处理对0～20 cm土层土壤有机碳、全氮、全磷、全钾含量改善作用更好,大豆发酵肥对20～40 cm土层改善作用较好。土壤碳通量表现为腐熟牛粪处理最高,表明土壤微生物最活跃。大豆发酵肥处理下大蒜植株体内的氮素积累量最高。4种处理对大蒜农艺性状及产量的影响差异不显著,CK(不施肥)表现仍较好,说明长期施用有机肥具有养地的重要功能。本研究结果可为生态农业发展提供有机肥效方面的参考

Double-laser integrated welding machine comprises head interface

本发明涉及激光焊接领域，具体地说是一种双激光焊接集成式焊接头，包括激光头接口、喷嘴基座、外基座﹑L型螺纹接头﹑内芯套、外连接套和辅助激光组件，喷嘴基座安装在激光头接口下侧，外基座套装在喷嘴基座上，所述外基座的安装座体与喷嘴基座的基座体之间形成保护气腔体，内芯套套装在喷嘴基座的连接轴上，所述连接轴内部和内芯套内部相通形成焊接激光通道，外连接套套装在外基座的轴套部上，所述外基座的轴套部和喷嘴基座的连接轴之间以及所述外连接套与内芯套之间相通形成保护气通道，所述外基座两侧固装有L型螺纹接头，所述辅助激光架组件设置于所述外基座外侧。本发明的保护气通道长度可调且有效保证示教工装辅助示教过程的准确性。</p

Syntheses,Structural Characterization and Fluorescent Properties of Zn(Ⅱ),Cd(Ⅱ) and (E)-N1{{\rm{N}}^1}-(pyridin-4-ylmethylene) benzene-1,4-diamine Sulphate Complex Salts

采用相同条件的液相层置法将${\rm{Z}}{{\rm{n}}^{2 + }}$、${\rm{C}}{{\rm{d}}^{2 +; }}$的硫酸盐与配体N-(1-亚甲基-4-吡啶基)-1,4-苯二胺((E)-${{\rm{N}}^1}$-(pyridin-4-ylmethyl; ene)benzene-1,4-diamine,pbda))反应,形成配合物[${\rm{Z}}{{\rm{n}}_2}$ ${\left(; {{\rm{pbda}}} \right)_2}$ ${\left( {{{\rm{H}}_2}{\rm{O}}} \right)_8}$] ·; $2{\rm{S}}{{\rm{O}}_4}$ $\left( {\textbf{1}} \right)$,${\left[; {{\rm{Cd}}{{\left( {{\rm{pbda}}} \right)}_2}{{\left(; {{{\rm{H}}_2}{\rm{O}}} \right)}_2}\left( {{\rm{S}}{{\rm{O}}_4}} \right)}; \right]_n}$ ${H_1}:\beta = {\beta _0} + {\alpha; _n}$,通过红外光谱、X射线单晶衍射对其组成和结构进行了表征,然后测试了单体和配合物的荧光性质.晶体结构的分析结果表明:配合物的结构由金属离子; 的半径调控;尽管${\rm{C}}{{\rm{d}}^{2 + }}$的离子半径显著大于${\rm{Z}}{{\rm{n}}^{2 +; }}$,但其合成的配合物的中心金属离子的配位数均为6,而配位方式和结构却完全不同;半径较大的金属离子更倾向于形成较高维数的结构;两者结构的不同导; 致其荧光性质存在着显著的差异.Two complexes,[${\rm{Z}}{{\rm{n}}_2}$ ${\left( {{\rm{pbda}}} \right)_2}$; ${\left( {{{\rm{H}}_2}{\rm{O}}} \right)_8}$] · $2{\rm{S}}{{\rm{O}}_4}$; $\left( {\textbf{1}} \right)$ and ${\left[ {{\rm{Cd}}{{\left(; {{\rm{pbda}}} \right)}_2}{{\left( {{{\rm{H}}_2}{\rm{O}}}; \right)}_2}\left( {{\rm{S}}{{\rm{O}}_4}} \right)} \right]_n}$ $\left(; {\textbf{2}} \right)$ (pbda = (E)-${{\rm{N}}^1}$-(pyridin-4-ylmethylene); benzene-1,4-diamine) were synthesized using layer diffusion under the; same condition. The complexes were characterized using IR spectra and; X-ray single crystal diffraction and showed completely different; fluorescent properties. Crystal structure analysis reveals that the; structures of the complexes are controlled by the radii of the metal; ions. Although ${\rm{C}}{{\rm{d}}^{2 + }}$ ion is significantly larger; than ${\rm{Z}}{{\rm{n}}^{2 + }}$ ion, both of the coordination numbers; of metal centers in these complexes are 6,and the coordination modes and; structures are completely different. The metal ion with larger radius; tends to form higher dimensional structure. Different coordinated; structures lead to different fluorescent emissions.国家自然科学基金; 国家基础科学人才培养基

Effects of Low-energy Carbon Ion Implantation on the Growth and Development of Chloroplast of Stevia rebaudiana

研究了能量为１００ ｋｅＶ，剂量为１０１５／ｃｍ ２ 的碳离子对甜菊种子萌发率、幼苗生长发育及叶绿体结构的影响．证明被注入种子出现萌发迟缓、生长速度减慢、植株株型变矮和生物量减少等生物学性状变化；幼叶细胞的叶绿体发育分化减慢、基质类囊体形成滞后、基粒数及基粒类囊体片层减少；部分幼叶细胞叶绿体膜破损、基质片层断裂直至叶绿体解体（约占二十分之一）．表明该能量剂量的碳离子注入将影响种子的生长发育，其原因之一是叶绿体发育迟缓和叶绿体的损伤．该研究为低能碳离子对甜菊诱变育种提供参考依据．This paper reports the effects of carbon ion implantation at 100 keV and 10 15 /cm 2 on the seed germination rate, development, growth, and chloroplast structure of Stevia rebaudiana seedling. The result showed the following changes of the biological characters of the ion implanted seeds in:(1) the retardation of the seed germination, the deceleration of the growth speed, the stunt of plant height, and the decrease of biomass;(2)the deceleration of differentiation and growth of the chloroplast in young leaf cells, the retardation in forming thylakoid, the decrease of the grana numbers and thylakoid lamella; and (3) the damage of the chloroplast membrane, the cleavage of stroma lamella and/or the decomposition of chloroplast(ca.5%).The experimental result proved that the carbon ion implantation at the above energy and dose surely influenced the development and growth of S. rebaudiana seed because of the lesion and development retardation of chloroplast. The study suggested a reference to the induced breeding of S. rebaudiana by low energy carbon ion implantation.国家重大项目资助!课题（19890300

“笔会”该休乎?

中国画的“笔会”该休乎？ “笔会”，古代称雅集，而且是文人之间的雅集，当代社会情境的转换与“文人”身份与质量的褪变，“雅”集也变得“雅”不起来，赤裸裸地称谓“笔会”随之产生，一种古代清雅可赏、诗情画意的脱俗境界质变为大家手持自家“武器”到场的表演。再加上当代社会的功利性、消费性、时尚性等特性背景，更很难使“笔会”“雅”起来。 当然，从文化交流传播角度讲，笔会也有其特定意义，其最大可能潜在的作用就在于直接地教育、引导了一批批人民群众，传布高雅文化于民间，让他们也能领略到束之高阁的艺术到底是怎么回事。 我想大家会一致反感的是，画家过分地热衷于笔会而且作品水平一般，格调全无。 其实，我们还是抱有一个理想，就是在条件具备的情况下，与一些尚可视为今日“文人”的艺术家再畅叙、追慕古人之“雅集”。如此，倒也有几分意味